• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.362-368
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• 2011

For the purpose of improving crashworthiness qualities and maximizing weight saving efficiency, TWB's(tailor welded blanks) of quench-hardenable boron steel sheet formed by hot stamping processes has been used for automotive BIW (body in white) applications. In this work, the flow behaviors of TWB of quench-hardenable boron steel sheet were investigated in uniaxial tension tests at elevated temperature. TWB's having a uniform thickness of 1.4mm were fabricated by laser welding. Specimens with two weld line directions were used to test the mechanical property and reliability of the weld zone. After heating at $950^{\circ}C$ for 5min, the specimens were subjected to tension test at 650, 700 and $800^{\circ}C$ with a strain rate of 0.01 /s and at $700^{\circ}C$ with strain rates of 0.01, 0.1 and 1/s. The ultimate strength of the weld zones was higher than that of the base materials at 650 and $700^{\circ}C$, but was similar to the base metal at $800^{\circ}C$. Fracture occurred at the base material at 650 and $700^{\circ}C$, but at the weld zone at $800^{\circ}C$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2006

This study deals with the friction welding of A2024- T6 to A6061- T6; The friction time was variable conditions under the conditions of spindle revolution of 2000rpm, friction pressure of 50MPa, upset pressure of 100MPa, and upset time of 5.0seconds. Under these conditions, the microstructure of weld interface, tensile fracture surface and mechanical tests were studied, of friction weld, and so the results were as follows. 1. When the friction time was 1.5seconds under the conditions, the maximum tensile strength of the friction weld happened to be 292MPa, which is $94.2\%$ of the base material's tensile strength(310MPa). At the same condition, the maximum shear strength was 2l2MPa, which is equivalent to $103\%$ of the base material's shear strength (205MPa). 2. At the same condition, the maximum vickers hardness was Hv 146 at A2024- T6 nearby weld interface, which is higher Hv3 than condition of the friction time 0.5seconds, and the maximum vickers hardness was Hvl20 from weld interface of A6061-T6, which is higher Hv28 then base material's. 3. The results of microstructure analysis show that the structures of two base materials have fractionized and rearranged along a column due to heating and axial force during friction, which has affected in raising hardness and tensile strength.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2002

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process which can homogenize the heterogeneous microstructure by intensely plastic deformation arising from the rotation of the welding tool. The present study applied the FSW to an A356 aluminum (AI) alloy with the as-cast heterogeneous microstructure in the T6 temper condition, and examined an effect of microstructure on mechanical properties in the weld. The base material consisted of Al matrix with a high density of strengthening precipitates, large eutectic silicon and a lot of porosities. The FSW led to fragment of the eutectic silicon, extinction of the porosities and dissolution of the strengthening precipitates in the Al alloy. The dissolution of strengthening precipitates reduced the hardness of the weld around the weld center and the transverse ultimate tensile strength of the weld. Longitudinal tensile specimen containing only the stir zone showed the roughly same strength as the base material and a much larger elongation. Moreover, Charpy impact tests indicated that the stir zone had remarkably the higher absorbed energy than the base material. The higher mechanical properties of the stir zone were attributed to a homogenization of the as-cast heterogeneous microstructure by FSW.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.82-88
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• 2008

The diesel engine of the merchant ship has been aperated in severe environments more and more, because the temperature of the exhaust gas of a combustion chamber is getting higher and higher with increasing use of heavy oil of law quality, due to the significant increase in the price of oil in recent some years. As a result, the degree of wear and corrosion between exhaust valve and seat ring is more serious compared to other engine parts. Thus the repair welding of exhaust valve and seat ring is a unique method to prolong the life of the exhaust valve, from an economical point of view. In this study, the corrosion property of both weld metal and base metal was investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, cathodic and anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram, and polarization resistance in 5% H2SO4 solution. The test specimen was a part of an exhaust valve stem being welded as the base metal, using various welding methods. In all cases, the corrosion resistance as well as hardness of the weld metal zone was superior to the base metal. In particular, plasma welding showed relatively good properties for both corrosion resistance and hardness, compared to other welding methods. In the case of DC SMAW (Shielded metal arc welding), corrosion resistance of the weld metal zone was better than that of the base metal, although its hardness was almost same as the base metal.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

We compared the fatigue characteristics of weld metal with those of base metal, and not heat-treated with heat-treated. Also, we examined the influence of bead in a viewpoint of fatigue life. From the experimental results, it has been seen that the fatigue characteristics of welded specimens grinded the toe of bead are slightly better than not grinded. We have seen that the fatigue life is affected more by the stress concentration on the profile change in the weld toe rather than by residual stress influence, because heat-treated or not had almost no influence on the fatigue characteristics.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.53-58
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• 2007

The present study examined the mechanical properties of the friction welding of shaft made of SKH51 and SM45C, of which the diameter is 12mm. Friction welding was done at welding conditions of 2,000rpm, friction pressure of 104MPa, upset pressure of 134MPa, friction time of 0.5sec to 2.5sec by increasing 0.5sec, upset time of 2 seconds. Under these conditions, a tensile test, a bending test, a shear test, a hardness test and a microstructure of weld interface were studied. When the friction time was 1.0 second under the conditions, the maximum tensile strength of the friction weld observed to be 963MPa, which is 89% the tensile strength of SKH51 base metal and 101% of the tensile strength of SM45C base metal. When the friction time was 1.0 seconds under the conditions, the maximum bending strength of the friction weld happened to be 1,647MPa, which is 78% the bending strength of SKH51 base metal(2,113MPa) and 87% of the bending strength of SM45C base metal(1,889MPa). When the friction time was 1.0 seconds under conditions, the maximum shear strength of the friction weld was observed to be 755MPa, which is 92% the shear strength of SKH51 base metal and 122% of the shear strength of SM45C base metal. According to the hardness test, the hardness distribution of the weld interface varied from Hv282 to Hv327. HAZ was formed from the weld interface to 1.2mm of SKH51 and 1.6mm of SM45C. Upon examination it was found that the microstructure became finer along with increase of friction revolution radius.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2003

JLF-1 steel (Fe-9Cr-2W-V-Ta), reduced activation ferritic steel, is one of the promising candidate materials for fusion reactor applications. Tensile properties of JLF-1 base metal and its TIG weldments has been investigated at the room temperature, $400^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$. The tensile strength of base metal (JLF-1) showed the level between those of weld metal and the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). When the test temperature was increased from room temperature to high temperature ($400^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$), both strength and ductility decreased or base metal, weld metal and the HAZ. The longitudinal specimens of base metal represented similar strength and ductility at room temperature and high temperature, compared to those of transverse specimens. Little anisotropy for the rolling direction was observed in the base metal of JLF-1 steel.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.147-149
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• 2005

Effect of nitrogen content on SAW weld metal properties were investigated. Weld metal nitrogen content increased with an increase of base metal nitrogen content due to dilution. High nitrogen content in weld metal resulted in high free nitrogen content, and consequently reduced impact toughness due to, mainly, strain aging effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 1995

A study was made to characterize the microstructures and mechanical properties of the base metal and the heat-affected zone(HAZ) in Cu-bearing HSLA-100 steel. The Gleeble thermal/mechanical simulator was used to simulated the weld HAZ. The relationship between microstructure and toughness of HAZ was studied by impact test, O. M, SEM, TEM, and DSC. The toughness requirement of military specification value was met in all test temperatures for the base metal. The decrease of HAZ toughness comparing to base plate is ascribed to the coarsed-grain and the formation of bainite. Obliquely sectioned Charpy specimens show that secondary crack propagate easily along bainite lath. Improved toughness(240J) at HAZ of $Tp_2=950^{\circ}C$ is due to the fine grain, and reasonable toughness(160~00J) in the intercritical reheated HZA is achieved by the addition of small amount of carbon which affects the formation of "M-A". Cu precipitated during ageing for increasing the strength of base metal is dissolved during single thermal cycle to $1,350^{\circ}C$ and is precipitated little on cooling and heating during subsequent weld thermal cycle. Thus, the decrease of toughness does not occur owing to the precipitation of Cu.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.58-67
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• 1996

The horizontal filet welding is prevalently used in heavy and ship building industries to join the parts. The phenomena occurring in the horizonal fillet welding process are very complex and highly non-linear, so that its analysis is relatively difficult. Furthermore, various kinds of weld defect such as undercut, overlap, porosity. excess weld metal and incomplete penetration can be induced due to improper welding conditions. Among these defects, undercut, overlap and excess weld metal appear frequently in horizontal filet welding. To achieve a satisfactory weld bead geometry without weld defects, it is necessary to study the effect of welding conditions in the weld bead geometry. For analyzing the weld bead geometry with and without weld defects in horizontal fillet welding, a mathematical model was proposed in conjunction with a two-dimensional heat flow analysis adopted for computing the melting tone in . base metal. The reliability of the proposed model was evaluated through experiments. which showed that the proposed model was very effective for predicting the weld bead shape with or without weld defects in horizontal fillet welding.