• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 1995

The variations of the soil texture, $SiO_2$ /$Al_2$$O_3$ ratio, buffer action, exchangeable base, ex-changeable hydrogen, and mineral nutrients were investigated to estimate the grade of the soil fertility of the soil derived from the different parent rocks such as the granite in Kwangnung and the basalt in Chejudo. The results investigated were showed as follows : Basalt soils in Chejudo belong to sandy clay, light clay and sandy clay loam, while gramite soils in Kwangnung sandy loam. The $SiO_2$ /$AI_2$$O_3$ ratio of the grassland in Chejudo was 1.11 and that of the oak forest soils was 1.24, while granite soils in Kwangnung 1.54 and 1.46, respectively. The buffer actions of ba-salt soils against the N /10 HCI and $Ca(OH)_2$ were stronger than those of granite soils. The $SiO_2$/$Al_2$$O_3$ + $Fe_2$$O_3$ ratios of grassland and oak forest soils of basalt in Chejudo showed 1.10 and 1.24 respectively, while those of the grassland and oak forest of Kwangnung 1.44 and 1.33. The base exchange capacity of basalt soils which has higher value of exchangeable hydrogen was stronger than that of granite soils. But the base saturation of granite soils showed higher value than that of basalt soils. Water contents of basalt soils in Chejudo was lower than that of granite soils fo Kwangnung Basalt soils in Chejudo contain still more humus and total nitrogen than gran-ite soils in kwangnung, The amount of available nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium of granite soils were more than that of basalt soils, Therefore, estimating the soil fertility, granite soils in Kwangnung is higher than that of basalt soils in Chejudo.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2003

The effect of parent rocks to the soil microbial diversity were investigated in soils developed from granite, limestone and basalt parent rocks. In the soils, microbial populations were positively related to the soil chemicals, such as soil pH with ftuorescent Pseudomonas, and soil EC with actinomycetes, fungi, mesophilic Bacillus and alkaliphilic bacteria. Gram negative bacteria, spore forming Bacillus, were maintained relatively same levels of population between granite, limestone and basalt soils. Among the species of Burkholderia, Pseudomonas and Ralstonia were dominated in the granite soils, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Phyllobacterium in the limestone soils, and Burkholderia in the basalt soils.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

Being mostly made up of highly permeable basalt and volcanic ash soil, Jeju Island's lithosphere characterizes its streams to be dry, flowing only when precipitation is happening. Under this condition, this research was motivated to identify the need of conservation of underground water, which is taking up most of (84% of) Jeju's water usage, and made an attempt to reduce the permeability of stream beds so that it can replace underground water and be used instead. To this end, this study suggested a simple method to make dry streams to carry water all-year-round by reducing permeability of stream floor. The experiment of permeability was performed on the porous basalt and compared it with that of same basalt with volcanic ash soil and Jumunjin sand layer added on top. The results showed a dramatic decrease in permeability of water when both volcanic ash soil and Jumunjin sand is were layered on top of porous basalt. Despite being gained in a controlled environment with a simple test, this result may provide a realistic and effective method of preserving Jeju Island's underground water which ultimately is a method of resolving water related issues.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.519-524
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• 2013

pH buffer capacities (pHBC, $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;pH^{-1}$) of 6 residual Entisols derived from granite, granite-gneiss, limestone, sandstone, shale, and basalt in Korea were studied. Soil acidity may become a problem if the soil pH is reduced to critical levels when nutrient cycles are unbalanced (especially N, C and S). The relation between the pHBC and the physico-chemical properties of the 6 soils was also studied. In the A horizons of all the soils except Euiseong series developed from sandstone, the contents of clay, organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were higher than those of C horizon, but bulk density and pH were lower than C horizon. Clay content of Euiseong series decreased with soil depth, which might be caused by the elluviation. The soils developed from granite, granite-gneiss and sandstone have a higher $SiO_2$ content than those developed from basalt and limestone. The contents of $Fe_2O_3$ and MgO were high in the soils from developed from basalt, limestone and shale comparing with the soils from granite, granite-gneiss and sandstone. The soils from basalt and limestone showed higher values of ignition loss than those from the other parent rocks. The pHBC of the soils was ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}\;pH^{-1}$ showing as follows : basalt, limestone > shale, granite-gneiss > granite sandstone.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 1982

1. Solubility diagram was used to estimate Chemical form of the Soil phosphates which supply phosphorus into soil solutions under submerged condition with soils originated from granite and basalt rocks. The granite origin soils with different amounts of available phosphorus have no effect of phosphate application on rice yield, while the basalt origin soil has the big effect. 2. Almost same pattern of change in pH and concentrations of phosphorus and cations in the soil solutions during the submerging period was. shown. Almost no difference in the values was recognized between NPK and NK treatments of the granite origin soils, but the difference of the basalt origin soil was recognized. 3. it was estimated from solubility diagram that phosphorus concentration in the soil solutions was governed by phosphate applied and variscite in the soils for the early stage of submerging period, and then it became to be governed by vivianite in the soils.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2024

This study investigates the influence of nano-silica and basalt fiber content, curing duration, and freeze-thaw cycles on the static and dynamic properties of soil specimens. A comprehensive series of tests, including Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), static triaxial, and dynamic triaxial tests, were conducted. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was employed to examine the microstructure of treated specimens. Results indicate that a combination of 1% fiber and 10% nano-silica yields optimal soil enhancement. The failure patterns of specimens varied significantly depending on the type of additive. Static triaxial tests revealed a notable reduction in the brittleness index (IB) with the inclusion of basalt fibers. Specimens containing 10% nano-silica and 1% fiber exhibited superior shear strength parameters and UCS. The highest cohesion and friction angle were obtained for treated specimens with 10% nano-silica and 1% fiber, 90 kPa and 37.8°, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in curing time led to a significant increase in UCS values for specimens containing nano-silica. Additionally, the addition of fiber resulted in a decrease in IB, while the addition of nano-silica led to an increase in IB. Increasing nano-silica content in stabilized specimens enhanced shear modulus while decreasing the damping ratio. Freeze-thaw cycles were found to decrease the cohesion of treated specimens based on the results of static triaxial tests. Specimens treated with 10% nano-silica and 1% fiber experienced a reduction in shear modulus and an increase in the damping ratio under freeze-thaw conditions. SEM analysis reveals dense microstructure in nano-silica stabilized specimens, enhanced adhesion of soil particles and fibers, and increased roughness on fiber surfaces.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1971

Using radioactive $^{40}K$ in potassium, a study was conducted to evaluate the potassium supplying power of different soil types developed on different parent materials. A conversion factor based on two parameters namely $\frac{available\;K_{soil}}{total\;K_{soil}}$ and $\frac{K_{plant}}{K_{soil}}$ was developed and found to be closely related to plant response. According to this characterization soils derived from the various parent materials were ranked as basalt >Silla series>gneiss>porphyry>granite${\gg}$schist. From the point of view of potassium response as measured by yield as similar response pattern was observed. That is, soils derived from basalt to be most responsive as compared to the other soils. The variations among the soils may be accounted for to their potassium bearing mineralogical composition and their stability.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.373-379
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• 2001

The weathering rates and change of chemical composition of 6 residual Entisols derived from granite, granite-gneiss, limestone, sandstone, shale, amd basalt in Korea were studied. The chemical composition of each profile with parent rocks were determined using XRF with the physico-chemical properties and the morphology of soils. In the A horizons of all the soils except Euiseong series, the content of clay, organic matter and cation exchange capacity(CEC) showed higher than those of C horizon, but bulk density and pH showed lower than C horizon. Clay content in the soil from sandstone was decrease with soil depth, which may caused by the elluriation. In total element analysis. $SiO_2$ was high in the soil from granite. granite-gneiss, sandstone and compare with basalt and limestone. $Fe_2O_3$ and MgO was high in the soil from basalt, limestone and shale compare with granite. granite-gneiss and sandstone. And ignition loss was particularly high in the soil from basalt and limestone. The rate of element loss was higher in base cations(Ca, K, Mg, Na) than Si, Al, Fe in the soils. The concentrations of $TiO_2$ in the A horizon compare with that of the C horizon was due to resulting from losses of other less stable elements existed. Considering with relative rate of each elements in soils, $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ which originated from sandstone and granite, granite-gneiss, sandstone, shale, and basalt were lost higher than those from lime tone, but loss of basic cations were more in the soil from limestone which may be rapid weathering of calcite. The magnitude of losses of the overall elements were increased in the order of the soils from sandstone and granite ${\gg}$ limestone and shale) granite-gneiss and basalt.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 1983

Jeju-Do is a volcanic island of which climate is very warm and humid, but Opuntia lanceolata Haw, showing CAM metabolism is growing at Wolyung-Ri, Hanrim-Eup, Jeju-Do. Annual productivity of Opuntia was 696.47g/m2/yr and 533.47g/m2/yr at two populations on the seashore respectively and 414.92g/m2/yr on the basalt wall of a village. Stem area index was 13.74, 6.93, and 9.30 at each population which are higher values than average range of leaf area index. The standing crop was the highest at the second cladode from the cladode showed little difference at most chemical properties of P, K, Ca and Na. Total nitrogen contents were the most at the youngest cladode and the lest at the oldest one. Soils were infertile of which organic contents were 1.5% and 5.0% on the seaside and the basalt wall respectively. The soil on the basalt wall contained little water whose water contents were 0.9% and at seashore population 15.12% of water contents were. Furthermore high exchangeable Na contents in soil added waer deficiency.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1972

The effect of completed mineral fertilizer on barley was investigated on ordinary upland and newly recrimed soil derived from granite, basalt and shale. 1. Yield of barley grains with application of completed meneral fertilizer 1 level varied from 100.8% to 233.1% on various soils in different parents rock, and 2 levels of the fertilizer varied from 250.1% to 309.5% on ordinary upland and newly recrimed soil derived from granite compared with control plot. But no effect on newly recrimed soil derived from basalt and shale. 2. $P_2O_5$, MgO and B contents in straw were increased, but Mn contents was decreased on all of soil. N contents in straw was decreased on the soil derived from granite, but $K_2O$ contents was increased on the soil derived from basalt and shale. 3. Relation between the yield and absorbed nutrient had related with positive correlection of 1-5%. 4. N and Mn contents in soil were decreased by application of completed mineral fertilizer, but soil pH, C.E.C. $Av-P_2O_5$, Ex-CaO, Ex-MgO and B contents were increased. Especially soil pH and C.E.C. were increased remarkably. 5. Relation between the yield and Ex-CaO and Ex-MgO contents in soil had related with positive correlation, but Mn contents had related with negative correlation.