• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2004

Eighteen water buffalo calves of Nili-Ravi breed (about 15 months age and of $147{\pm}12$ kg average body weight and mixed sex) were used with six animals on each treatment. All the animals were fed long wheat straw for ad libitum intake as the basal ration. Animals in group-I were supplemented with ad libitum amount of urea molasses block having cotton seed meal (CSMB) while the animals in group-II were supplemented with ad libitum urea molasses block containing sunflower seed meal (SFMB) and group III animals were supplemented with a fixed amount of commercial concentrate feed (CCF). The experiment lasted for a period of 80 days (April to June). Results revealed a significantly decreased total feed intake (wheat straw+supplements) in group-III ($1,666{\pm}52$ g/h/d) as compared to group I ($2,299{\pm}194$ g/h/d) and group-II ($2,193{\pm}230$ g/h/d). Average daily supplement intakes were $891{\pm}87$; $666{\pm}104$ and $593{\pm}0$ grams per head in group I, II and III, respectively. Supplement intakes among groups were different (p<0.05). Average daily body weight gains (g/h) were $214{\pm}25$, $174{\pm}23 $and $183{\pm}24$ for group I, II and III, respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found to be $10.74{\pm}1.12$, $12.60{\pm}0.88$ and $9.90{\pm}1.33$ grams for group No. I, II and III, respectively. The economic net benefit of live weight gain of calves were 7.63, 6.11 and 7.33 rupees/h/d for group No. I, II and III, respectively. Thus SFM can replace CSM and urea molasses blocks can replace commercial concentrates as supplement to basal ration of wheat straw.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2018

Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) provide polka dot grouper Chromileptes altevelis with a more readily utilizable source of energy than long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and significantly elevate the plasma cholesterol level of chickens. As a possible alternative to feed antibiotics, this study investigated the effect of different phase levels of medium chain triglycerides on the growth performance, excreta microflora and blood profiles in broilers. A total of 450 ROSS 308 mixed-sex broilers with an average initial body weight of $49{\pm}0.79g$ (1 day of age) were used in this trial. They were randomly assigned to the following 3 treatments (15 birds / 10 replications): CON (Basal diet); MCT1 (Starter, Grower, Finisher: Basal diet + 0.1%, 0.075%, 0.05% of MCT) and MCT2 (Starter, Grower, Finisher: Basal diet + 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.1% of MCT). The results show that supplementing the diets with different phase levels of MCT did not have a significant impact on the body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the overall experimental period. Additionally, there were no differences in the blood profiles and excreta microflora among the treatments. However, this study found that the BWG was increased by 2.3%, and the FCR was decreased by 0.6% in the broiler fed MCT1 treatment group during overall experiment phase. Therefore, the results suggest that MCTs could be used as an alternative to growth promoting feed additives. Moreover, further research should be done to evaluate the effect of the different levels of MCTs.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2020

The effects of palm oil and soy oil supplementation in broiler chickens on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy was evaluated. In this experiment, 702 one-day-old Ross 308 cross bred chicks with an initial body weight of 42.23±0.05 g (mean±SD) were utilized in a completely randomized treatment design (13 replicates/treatment, 18 chickens/cage) and fed for 35 days with CON (basal diet), T1 (Basal diet + 1.3 % palm oil), and T2 (Basal diet + 1.3% soy oil). From days 1 to 7, the body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly affected by the supplementation with palm oil or soy oil. However, from days 7 to 21, BWG showed a tendency to increase compared to that with the control treatment. Moreover, BWG was significantly improved (P<0.05) with palm and soy oil supplementation during the overall experiment in comparison to that with the control diet. In addition, the palm oil-supplemented group had higher BWG than the soy oil treatment group (P<0.05). During the overall experiment, FI tended to increase in the T1 group compared to that in the other groups. There was no significant effect on FCR and nutrient digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy during the overall trial with the supplementation of palm or soy oil. In summary, the inclusion of dietary palm and soy oil has a beneficial effect on the growth performance of broiler chickens.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2013

We investigated the contribution of genetic variations of KLF5 to basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the inhibition of obesity in Korean children. A variation of KLF5 (rs3782933) was genotyped in 62 Korean children. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we developed a model to predict BMR in children. We divided them into several groups; normal versus overweight by body mass index (BMI) and low BMR versus high BMR by BMR. There were no differences in the distributions of alleles and genotypes between each group. The genetic variation of KLF5 gene showed a significant correlation with several clinical factors, such as BMR, muscle, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin. Children with the TT had significantly higher BMR than those with CC (p=0.030). The highest muscle was observed in the children with TT compared with CC (p=0.032). The insulin and C-peptide values were higher in children with TT than those with CC (p=0.029 vs. p=0.004, respectively). In linear regression analysis, BMI and muscle mass were correlated with BMR, whereas insulin and C-peptide were not associated with BMR. In the high-BMR group, we observed that higher muscle, fat mass, and C-peptide affect the increase of BMR in children with TT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p=0.018, respectively), while Rohrer's index could explain the usual decrease in BMR (adjust $r^2$=1.000, p < 0.001, respectively). We identified a novel association between TT of KLF5 rs3782933 and BMR in Korean children. We could make better use of the variation within KLF5 in a future clinical intervention study of obesity.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.59-62
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• 1980

인공사료육에 있어서 White ginseng이 누에의 성장에 미치는 영향을 알기 위해서, 애기누에 및 큰누에들을 4수준의 Ginseng extract를 함유한 인공사료로 사육하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Ginseng extract를 함유한 인공사료를 먹은 누에의 체중은 46.6 mg ginseng extract level, 139.9mg ginseng extract level, 279.8mg ginseng extract level의 순으로 무거웠다. 특히 누에의 체중증가는 46.6mg ginseng extract level에 있어서 대조에 있어서 보다 상당히 많았다. 따라서, 인공사료육에 있어서 알맞은 양의 White ginseng은 누에의 성장을 양호하게 하는 효과가 있다고 생각된다. 2. Ginseng extract를 함유한 인공사료를 먹은 누에의 혈당량은 함유하지 않은 인공사료를 먹은 누에보다 현저하게 감소하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin E and nanoparticle-sized vitamin E (NVE) in a broiler diet on growth performance, blood profiles, and meat quality. A total of 45 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers (initial body weight of 37.00 ± 0.41 g) were used in this experiment for 28 days. All broilers were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were as follows: a basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplementing with 380 mg/kg of vitamin E (T1), and a basal diet supplementing with 380 mg/kg of NVE (T2). Each treatment had five replicates with three birds per cage. On days 0-7, the T1 and T2 groups significantly increased (P<0.05) body weight gain compared to the CON group. Also, the T1 and T2 groups significantly increased (P<0.05) vitamin E content in blood and breast meat compared to the CON group. In shearing force, the T2 group showed a lower tendency (P=0.070) than the CON group. The T1 group showed a higher tendency (P=0.086) in the b* (yellowness) value than the T2 group. On day 7 after the end of the experiment, the T2 group significantly decreased (P<0.05) TBA values compared to the CON group. In conclusion, supplementation with vitamin E or NVE can improve broiler growth performance in the starter period, reduce TBA value through the antioxidant action of vitamin E, prevent lipid oxidation, and improve shelf life.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2024

In this research, the growth efficiency, nutritional utilization, fecal microbial levels, and fecal score of weaned pigs were evaluated using therapeutic zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-Asp). In a 42-day feeding trial, 60 weaned pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were arbitrarily allotted (age: 21 days; 7.01 ± 0.65 kg preliminary body weight) to 3 different treatment groups with 5 repetitions (2 male and 2 female piglets) in each pen. The trial had 2 different phases, including 1-21 days as phase 1, and 22-42 days as phase 2. The nutritional treatments were: basal diet as control (CON), basal diet incorporated with 3,000 ppm ZnO as TRT1, and basal diet incorporated with 750 ppm Zn-Asp as TRT2. In comparison to the CON group, the pigs in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups had greater (p < 0.05) body weight on day 42; an average daily gain, and an average daily feed intake on days 22-42. Furthermore, during days 1-42, the average daily gain in the treatment groups trended higher (p < 0.05) than in the CON group. Additionally, the fecal score decreased (p < 0.05) at week 6, the lactic acid bacteria count tended to increase (p < 0.05), and coliform bacteria presented a trend in reduction (p < 0.05) in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups compared to the CON group. However, there was no difference in nutrient utilization (p > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. Briefly, the therapeutic ZnO and Zn-Asp nutritional approaches could decrease fecal score and coliform bacteria, increase lactic acid bacteria, and improve growth efficiency; moreover, Zn-Asp (750 ppm) can perform a comparable role to therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm). So we can use Zn-Asp (750 ppm) instead of therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm) for the better performance of weaning pigs and the reduction of environmental pollution, as therapeutic ZnO is responsible for environmental pollution.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2014

김치로부터 분리, 선별한 유산균 L. paracasei LS-2에 UV 조사 및 L. paracasei LS-2균주가 성장하지 않는 pH 3.5 MRS agar 배지에서 성장하는 변이주를 선별함으로써 변이주인 L. paracasei ML-7를 선별하였다. 선별된 변이주 L. paracasei ML-7의 유기산 생성능력, 병원성 미생물의 생육 저해 능력, 육계에서의 증체 및 사료 효율 개선효과를 시험하였다. 변이주인 L. paracasei ML-7 는 모균주인 L. paracasei LS-2에 비하여 MRS 배지에서 성장속도가 증가되었으며, 유기산 생성도 증가되었다. 또한 L. paracasei ML-7은 병원성 미생물인 E. coli ATCC 25922 (${\alpha}$-hemolysin producing E. coli)와 A. flavus ATCC 22546에 대한 생육 저해 능력이 모균주인 L. paracasei LS-2에 비해 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 육계를 대상으로 하는 사양시험에서 변이주 L. paracasei ML-7을 급여한 처리구에서 증체량 개선 및 사료효율이 개선됨을 확인하였다. 본 결과로부터 유산균의 인공변이로부터 유기산생산 증가 및 그에 따른 가축 사양 성적 개선이 가능한 변이주의 제작이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1147-1152
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Biotite V (BV) supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and fecal noxious gas content in finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of eighty pigs (initial body weight 88.0${\pm}$1.35 kg) were used in a 35-d growth trial. Pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were four pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included: 1) Control (CON; basal diet), 2) 200 mesh BV1.0 (basal diet+200 mesh Biotite V 1.0%), 3) 325 mesh BV1.0 (basal diet+325 mesh Biotite V 1.0%), 4) 200 mesh BV2.0 (basal diet+200 mesh Biotite V 2.0%) and 5) 325 mesh BV2.0 (basal diet+325 mesh Biotite V 2.0%). Through the entire experimental period, there were no significant differences in ADG, ADFI and gain/feed among the treatments (p>0.05). With the addition of Biotite V in diet, DM and N digestibilities were increased significantly (p<0.01). Also, Ca and P digestibilities tended to increase in pigs fed Biotite V supplemented diet (p<0.01) compared to pigs fed control diet. Supplementation of Biotite V in diet reduced the fecal $NH_3-N$ and volatile fatty acid (VFA) compared to CON treatment (p<0.01). In Exp. 2, a total of sixty four pigs (initial body weight 84.0${\pm}$1.05 kg) were used in a 35-d growth trial. Pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were four pigs per pen and four pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included: 1) LP (low protein diet), 2) HP (high protein diet), 3) LP+BV (low protein diet+325 mesh Biotite V 1.0%) and 4) HP+BV (high protein diet+325 mesh Biotite V 1.0%). Through the entire experimental period, ADG and gain/feed tended to increase in HP and HP+BV treatments, however, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the treatments. With the addition of Biotite V in diets, digestibilities of nutrients (DM, N, Ca and P) were increased significantly (p<0.01). The addition of Biotite V in diets reduced the ammonia emissions in feces (p<0.01). Supplementation of Biotite V in diets also reduced the fecal propionic acid, butyric acid and acetic acid (p<0.01) compared to pigs fed diets without Biotite V. In conclusion, supplementation of Biotite V can increase nutrients digestibility and reduce fecal $NH_3-N$ and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in finishing pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.310-325
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• 2024

Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids. The pigs were matched by BW and sex and chosen at random to 1 of 3 diet treatments: control = Basal diet; TRT1 = Basal diet + SGN 0.15%; TRT2 = Basal diet + SGN 0.30%%. The trials were conducted in two phases (weeks 1-5 and weeks 5-10). The average daily gain was increased in pigs fed a basal diet with SGN (p = 0.036) in weeks 5-10. However, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy did not differ among the treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on NH₃, H₂S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acids, and CO₂ emissions (p > 0.05). Improvement in drip loss on day 7 (p = 0.053) and tendency in the cooking loss were observed (p = 0.070) in a group fed basal diets and SGN at 0.30% inclusion level. The group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN had higher levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), margaric acid (C17:0), omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio (p = 0.034, 0.020, 0.025, 0.007, and 0.003, respectively) in the fat of finishing pigs. Furthermore, group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN improved margaric acid (C17:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), omega 6 fatty acid, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, unsaturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.037, 0.05, 0.0142, 0.036, 0.033, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively) in the lean tissues of finishing pigs compared to pigs fed with the control diets. In conclusion, the combination of probiotics, prebiotics, and glyconutrients led to higher average daily gain, improved the quality of pork, and more favorable fatty acid composition. Therefore, these results contributed to a better understanding of the potential of SGN combinations as a feed additive for pigs.