• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2003

To explore the effective treatment methods for waste food generating malodor compounds, mixed microorganisms (MM) capable of deodorizing of domestic animal waste were applied using household composting box. The mixture of 5 kg whole chips as a bulk agent, 2 kg MM and 1 kg of waste food were input into the compost reactor and agitated. Waste food was supplemented every 24 hours. As the results, the composting volume was stable at 13∼14 L for 10 days. In the initial compost process with MM, the pH and temperature were increased more quickly than that of without MM. Also, the conductivity recognized as a barometer of compost was increased from 0.2 to 2.4 mS/cm that was higher than 1.3 mS/cm of without MM, for 10 days. The malodor compounds generated from waste food treatment such as sulfur compounds and volatile fatty acids were effectively reduced about 90∼l00%, and 70∼80% for 8 days, respectively. The microorganisms growing under the condition of alkaline phase and higher temperature were dominated during the compost Moreover, it was demonstrated that inoculated Bacillus cereus HY15 dominated during the compost results in responsible to the effective treatment of waste food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2020

This study was done to evaluate resources distributed around the Nakdong-Jeongmaek which is the eastern ridge line of the Nakdong-river basin with 437km in length. Here we found and/or searched for thousands of resources within each of 210 villages around the ridge, which were divided into six categories including landscape, natural park, protected area, history, tourism and biodiversity. An inventory was also created using an attribute table in a shape file for identifying the spatial location and property for every resource existing in each village. Each of fields for six-typed resources has 210 records representing each village and resources within it. If a resource exists in a village, '1' is assigned for its existence in its corresponding record. Otherwise, '0' is assigned for its non-existence in the record. The number of '1' on six records for a village is meaning the number of resources contained within a village, which can be a barometer to decide the properties of each village. In this study, we found five core villages containing all kind of resources in it, while 52 villages were found having only a single type of resources within it. The other villages were known to have multiple resources like having two or more ones.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2021

Background/Objectives: To analyze changes in the incidence of thyroid cancer for Korean population using big data from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials & Methods: Sample cohort database between January 2004 and December 2013 with 1,000,000 cases for each year was enrolled in this study. Thyroid cancer incidence was analyzed by sex, age and by region. Public health insurance payment was used to reflect socioeconomic status. Results: The incidence of thyroid cancer in Korea increased for 10 years annually. There are 3 times increasing in the incidence rate of thyroid cancer from 2004, 0.03% to 2013, 0.09%. The sex ratio in the incidence rate of thyroid cancer was male : female = 1:7.2 in 2004 and male : female = 1:3.6 in 2013 that suggest decreased gap between the sex ratio. Between 2004 and 2010, the incidence rates of those in their 40s were found to be the highest, whereas the incidence rates for those in their 50s were found to be highest from 2011 and thereafter. Every year the high socioeconomic status group showed a higher incidence of thyroid cancer than low socioeconomic status group. Some specific region showed continuous high incidence of thyroid cancer, not all city and state. Conclusion: The incidence rate of thyroid cancer for 10 years had special feature by sex, age, socioeconomic status and especially by region. This results will be a barometer for further epidemiologic study about the incidence of thyroid cancer for Korean population

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2021

Countries around the world, including the U.S. are actively researching to commercialize the logistics services using drones. In Korea, telecommunications companies as well as logistics companies are researching and developing the logistics services using drones. However, there's an environmental difference for last-mile delivery between the U.S. and Korea. In Korea, more than 77% of the population lives in apartments and the population density is the 4th highest in the world. Accordingly, in terms of the logistics services using drones, it is necessary to research it with the Korean suitable environment. In this paper, a precision positioning method of drone last-mile delivery in urban areas using short-range wireless communication and barometer is proposed. The experiment results show that the proposed method can detect a window within 2.5 meters. It is expected that the proposed method will help improve the logistics services using drones in urban areas.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

To improve the grout penetration characteristics, a vibratory grout injection technique was adopted in this study. It is a technique of grout injection in which an oscillating pressure is added to the steady-state pressure as an injection pressure. By applying the vibration during grout injection, cement particles will become less adhesive and the clogging tendency will be decreased. A series of pilot-scale chamber tests were performed to verify the enhancement of the groutability by applying the vibratory grout injection; assessment on the change of the lumped parameter $\theta$ which represents a barometer of clogging phenomenon was made. Moreover, the effect of vibratory grout injection through the joint was also investigated using artificially made rock joints. Experimental results as well as analytical results show that the grout penetration depth can be substantially improved by vibratory grouting. Moreover, it was found that enhancement of the permeation grouting due to vibratory injection is more dominant at grouting pressure less than 400 kPa.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2022

This study provided a prediction model for solar energy production in Yeongam province, Jeollanam-do. The model was derived from the correlation between climate changes and solar power production in Yeongam province, Jeollanam-do, and presented a prediction of solar power generation through the regression analysis of 6 parameters related to weather and solar power generation. The data used in this study were the weather and photovoltaic production data from January in 2016 to December in 2019 provided by public data. Based on the data, the machine learning technique was used to analyzed the correlation between weather change and solar energy production and derived to the prediction model. The model showed that the photovoltaic production can be categorized by the three-stage production index and will be used as an important barometer in the agriculture activity and the use of photovoltaic electricity.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3A
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• pp.257-264
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• 2010

Generally, estimations on the displacement as an important factor in evaluating the safety of large structures could be a barometer assessing whether the condition of the structure is deteriorating. Practically, it is not easy how to measure the displacement response to large structures like suspension bridges. In this study, as a method for estimation displacement response from strain signals, mode decomposition technique is proposed. Total displacement response is estimated by superposing quasistatic displacement response and modal displacement responses in dominant modes with larger contributions after estimating the modal displacement responses. If foiled strain gauges are used to measure strain signals, there would likely to generate electric noise, what's more, the more measuring points there are the more economic burden it could be. In order to solve such problems, fiber optic bragg-grating(FBG) sensors were used, which have multi-point measurements with no effect on electric noises. Therefore, the experiment was performed through dynamic load test of suspension bridge and plate-girder bridge to review the possibility for using mode decomposition technique.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-36
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• 2021

The solar annual (Sa) and semiannual (Ssa) tides account for much of the non-uniform annual and seasonal variability observed in sea levels. These non-equilibrium tides depend on atmospheric variations, forced by changes in the Sun's distance and declination, as well as on hydrographic conditions. Here we employ tidal harmonic analyses to calculate Sa and Ssa harmonic constants for 21 Korean coastal tidal stations (TS), operated by the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency. We used 19 year-long (1999 to 2017) 1 hr-interval sea level records from each site, and used two conventional harmonic analysis (HA) programs (Task2K and UTide). The stability of Sa harmonic constants was estimated with respect to starting date and record length of the data, and we examined the spatial distribution of the calculated Sa and Ssa harmonic constants. HA was performed on Incheon TS (ITS) records using 369-day subsets; the first start date was January 1, 1999, the subsequent data subset starting 24 hours later, and so on up until the final start date was December 27, 2017. Variations in the Sa constants produced by the two HA packages had similar magnitudes and start date sensitivity. Results from the two HA packages had a large difference in phase lag (about 78°) but relatively small amplitude (<1 cm) difference. The phase lag difference occurred in large part since Task2K excludes the perihelion astronomical variable. Sensitivity of the ITS Sa constants to data record length (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, and 19 years) was also tested to determine the data length needed to yield stable Sa results. HA results revealed that 5 to 9 year sea level records could estimate Sa harmonic constants with relatively small error, while the best results are produced using 19 year-long records. As noted earlier, Sa amplitudes vary with regional hydrographic and atmospheric conditions. Sa amplitudes at the twenty one TS ranged from 15.0 to 18.6 cm, 10.7 to 17.5 cm, and 10.5 to 13.0 cm, along the west coast, south coast including Jejudo, and east coast including Ulleungdo, respectively. Except at Ulleungdo, it was found that the Ssa constituent contributes to produce asymmetric seasonal sea level variation and it delays (hastens) the highest (lowest) sea levels. Comparisons between monthly mean, air-pressure adjusted, and steric sea level variations revealed that year-to-year and asymmetric seasonal variations in sea levels were largely produced by steric sea level variation and inverted barometer effect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3203-3210
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• 2013

Amid the importance of design is being emphasized as a new barometer for boosting enterprise competitiveness, high expectations are being placed on design consulting that evaluate design from a comprehensive perspective. SMEs, however, are not easy to gain access to design services compare to their counterparts - large companies. This will eventually cause them to ignore the importance of design, not to mention lack of financial resources for investing in design. With this regard, the paper analyzed the design status and design consulting performance of SMEs in industrial complex through the 2012 Design Innovation Project in Industrial Complex of Busan Design Center; also analyzed the effect of design consulting on improving competitiveness of SMEs as well as design awareness. As a result, the study found that a majority of companies do not invest in design or postponed investment, despite they are not satisfied with their design performance. However, 65.6 percent of SMEs that realized the importance of design after consulting have carried out design development, which brought about sales increase through their improved corporate images and product images. We believe design consulting played an important role for boosting awareness and competitiveness of SMEs. Eventually, we need to provide an intensified design analysis process that can facilitate SMEs. Design consulting support projects should offer practical design development programs through continuous follow-up, including interaction with state projects and design-specialized companies.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

In this study, it was witnessed that a variety of tests are implemented in a type of convergence of multimedia such as photos, sounds, and videos as well as letters and drawings, components of existing traditional comics as comics are digitalized and are converted to various devices. Therefore, we studied the concept of multimedia comics as a basis of this study by judging that new barometer to comics lies in convergence with such multimedia. After recognizing components of multimedia comics which are currently emerging, we categorized them into three types depending on how to use these elements. First, convergence type webtoon has a very similar format with existing vertical scrolling webtoon and has characteristics that background & effects sounds are added to emphasize the features of webtoon, or photos or videos are inserted in part, and there is no function to control these elements; Second, motion comic, a medium format between comic and animation has a characteristic that sound, video, paging are auto-played like watching animation but it keeps the format of comics within one frame; Third, interactive comic has a characteristic that effects sound, motion, and story are made by active participation of viewers. As a result of analyzing comics which having above multimedia characteristics, its implications are as followings: First, multimedia elements should be used depending on genre, age, and media; Second, high level of control technology considering the features of comic-viewers is needed. In other words, in continuously evolving media environments, comic contents being proper to targets and use purposes of viewers should be developed. For this, multimedia elements of comics should be used in order that comic-viewers can have active & interactive communication with contents.