• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 1972

Rice and other corns as well as potato were mixed, as indicated in the following table, and fed to the experimental animals for 14 weeks. It was observed that the 9th and 10th dietary groups, whose protein values were higher among the experimental groups, displayed the more ideal growth and development as compared with other groups, and that the mixing ratio in these groups was proved to be better nutritionally as judged from the serum protein levels. Ratio of food Mixture Control Standard diet : Group 1 rice 80% Barley 20% Group 2 rice 80% Wheat 20% Group 3 rice 100% Group 4 rice 80% millet 20% Group 5 rice 80% Potato 20% Group 6 rice 80% Barley 20% Group 7 rice 80% Potato 10% Barley 10% Group 8 rice 80% Barley 10% Potato 10% Group 9 rice 80% Soybean 10% Potato 10% Group 10 rice 80% Soybean 10% Barley 10%(wheat 10%)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.501-505
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• 2003

The growth characteristics and damage of naked barley infected with barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) were investigated between resistant and susceptible varieties in habitual field plot of BaYMV BaYMV of the barley plants with typical disease symptom were identified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The visual degree (0-9) based on disease symptoms of BaYMV was different as 9 and 1 between susceptible variety Baegdong and resistant variety Naehanssalbori, respectively. Susceptible variety, Baegdong showed significant damage in culm length, number of kernel per spike and tiller per square meter but not in 1,000 kernel weight, so these results caused yield reduction to only 80% comparing to the control. Seed germination did not affected by BaYMV infection both in susceptible and resistant variety. In grain quality test, abortive grain yale and crude protein content were significantly increased compared to the control. The relationships between BaYMV infection and growth characteristics showed the negative correlations in culm length, number of tiller, 1000 kernel weight and yield, but it showed the positive correlation in crude protein contents. These results implied that BaYMV can affect not only barley growth and yield but grain quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.304-310
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• 1981

In order to observe the degree and response of drought-resistance and its physiological mechanism in barley and wheat, 5 species (16 cultivars) were tested for changes in plant height, seedling dry weight, chlorophyll content, leaf relative turgidity, soluble protein, reducing sugar and growth of seedling subjected to water stress by withholding watering for 8 days at 10 days (at the 3rd leaf stage) after emergence. The average rate of decrease of all cultivars was 15% in plant height, 24% in seedling dry weight, 32% in chlorophyll content, 27% in leaf relative turgidity, and 27% in protein. But reducing sugar content of control was increased 4 folds more than that of water stress. In the decreased rate of seedling dry weight of each cultivar, rye was shown to be lowest rate, and Baegdong, Mokpo #55, and 3 two-row barley were shown to be the highest rate. The degree of the decreased rate in 5 species was in the order of rye < < wheat < covered barley < naked barley < two-row barley. in the decreased rate of chlorophyll content, rye, Cheonggaemil and Olmil are the lowest group, and the highest one are Milyang #12, Bangsa #6, Hyangmaeg and Sacheon #4. In the decreased rate of leaf relative turgidity, the lowest group (22-25%) were rye, Cheonggaemil and Dongbori #1, and, on the other hand, the highest group (30-33%) were Baegdong and 3 two-row barley. In the decreased rate of soulble protein, the lowest group (14-17%) were Chogwang, Geurumil, Dongbori #1, and Mokpo #55, and the highest one was 3 two-row barley. The increased ratio of reducing sugar of water stress to control was 4 to 5 folds in rye and wheat, and about 2 folds in naked barley and 3 two-row barley. The degree of the increased ratio of 5 species was in the order of rye > wheat > covered barley > naked barley > two-row barley. In terms of the physiological and adaptive metabolism during the processing leading to drought-resistance, the degree of drought-resistance of 5 species to water stress at seedling stage was shown to be in the order of rye > wheat > covered barley > naked barley > two-row-barley.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

This study was carried out to observe the nutritive effects of feeding rice diet and rice diet mixed with barley or millet, or both on the growth rate and biological availability of some nutrients by albino rats. The experimental diets were prepared on the basis of isocaloric and isonitrogenous containing 357 kcal of energy and 12g of protein per 100g of diet. The experimental animals weighing about 66g of both sexes were fed on 7 kinds of diets such as control diet, rice (100%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (30%) diet, rice (70%)+millet (30%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (20%)+millet (10%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (15%)+millet (15%) diet, and rice (70%)+barley (10%)+millet (20%) diet for 7 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The gain in body weight was higher for barley and/or millet mixed with rice diet groups than rice diet group with no statistical difference. 2. Although there was no difference in the amount of food consumed by experimental groups, the food efficiency ratio was sightly higher for the miked diet groups than rice atone diet group. 3. The protein efficiency ratio was also higher for barley and millet miked with rice diet groups than rice diet group, although statistical significance was not found. 4. Apparent digestibility of protein of rice diet group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than any other diet group. Although there was no remarkable difference between mixed diet group was found, the apparent digestibility of protein tended to increase when rats were fed on the barley and millet mixed with rice diet. Apparent biological value (p<0.05) and net protein utilization (p<0.01) were also significantly higher for the groups fed mixed diet with barley and/or millet than rice diet group, and those for millet alone mixed diet were slightly lower. 5. The content of total nitrogen in the liver and of protein in serum were not significantly different among experimental groups. It may be concluded from the above results that an adequate supplementation of rice with other cereals and mixing ratio of other cereals to rice were important for the efficient utilization of protein in total diet.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 1979

A Neotec infrared instrument was evaluated for determination of protein contents of wheat and barley. Correlation coefficients between protein content determined on the instrument and by the Kjeldahl method were highly significant (0.97 to 0.98). Accuracy of analyses, measured by the standard error of a single test was 0.07 to 0.16, giving a coefficient of variability of 0.6 to 1. 1%. Method of grinding samples affected particle size and type. Particle size did not directly influence protein values; however, greater accuracy and reproducibility were achieved with smaller particle sizes. Packing density inside the loading tell also influenced the analytical results.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 1998

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of processing of barley on the growth performance and ileal and fecal digestibility of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 20 cannulated pigs (10.80 kg BW) were allotted to four treatments. Treatments were coarse ground barley as a control (CON), finely ground barley (FINE), extruded barley (EXT) and enzyme supplemented coarse ground barley (ENZ). In Exp. 2, a total of 100 growing pigs (36.50 kg BW) were allocated to the same treatments in completely randomized block design based on sex and body weight. In the first trial, pigs fed extruded barley showed significantly higher crude protein digestibility over pigs fed finely ground barley (p < 0.05). Pigs fed finely ground barley generally showed lower nutrients digestibility. Extrusion and ${\beta}$-glucanase supplementation showed a trend to improve nutrients digestibility. However, fine grinding rather reduced nutrients digestibility. The similar trend was found in the digestibility of essential amino acids. Fine grinding of barley significantly reduced amino acids digestibility. Extrusion and enzyme supplementation were found to improve amino acids digestibility of barley in growing pigs. In the growth trial, pigs fed extruded barley grew significantly faster than any other processed barley fed pigs. And extrusion of barley significantly improved feed/gain of pigs (p < 0.05). Fine grinding of barley and enzyme supplementation did not improve growth performance of pigs. In conclusion, fine grinding and enzyme supplementation does not appear to be an economical feed processing for growing pigs when barley is employed in the diets, while extrusion can be recommended as an effective feed processing technique for barley.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted at college of Agriculture and Life Science in Chungnam National University from September, 2004 to June, 2007 in order to evaluate the mixture possibility between barley and rye in the area of Daejeon. Rye (cultivar; Koolgrazer) and barley (cultivar; Daeyeon Bori) were set for the experiment. The experiment was arranged in four treatments: R100 (rye 100%), R60 + B40(rye 60% + barley 40%), R50% + B50% (rye 50% + barley 50%), and R40% + B60% (rye 40% + barley 60%). The experiment was repeated three times in the randomized complete block. The average dry matter (DM) yield for three years of R100 weighed 9,282 kg and its DM yield was higher than any other DM yield. The higher the barley seed rates are, the lower the DM yield is (p<0.05). As the barley seed rates increased 40%, 50%, and 60% respectively, its vegetative percentage tended to increase 30%, 41%, and 47%, but the barley vegetative percentage against its seed rates did bring forth somewhat low results. Compared with R100, the contents of crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) got higher as the barley seed rates became higher, while the contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and lignin were lower (p<0.05). Compared with R100, the yields of crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) showed lower in the any mixed barley (p<0.05). Thus, in case of using barley mixed with rye in the area of Daejeon, it seems to be quite difficult, unless the supply of high-productive barley variety is followed, to enhance the yields of DM, CPDM, and DDM.

• Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 1999

A rapid and sensitive assay for specific detection and identification of barley yellow mosaic virus(BaYMV) was set up using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). A couple of primers was select to discriminate the viruses. PCR fragments of BaYMV(ca.0.9 kb) were obtained by using the method designed for BaYMV capsid protein. RT-PCR fragments were cloned with vector pT7 Blue and the resulting clones were sequenced. Capsid protein of BaYMV consisted of 297 amino acids and 891 nucleotides. The capsid protein sequence of BaYMV showed that 98% of nucleotides and 99% of amino acids homology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1977

This study was designed to evaluate the nutritive value of pearl barley. Forty males and the same number of females of albino rats, the Leuise strain, weighing from 52.1g to 59.1g were divided into eight experimental groups, five males and females were composed of one group. A group: casein 15%+starch 75%+oil 8%+vitamin mixture 1%+salt mixture 1% B group: pearl barley 98%+vitamin mixture 1%+salt mixture 1% C group: rice 98%+vitamin mixture 1%+salt mixture 1% D group: barley 98%+vitamin mixture 1%+salt mixture 1% E group: rice 49%+pearl barley 49%+vitamin mixture 1%+salt mixture 1% F group: rice 73.5%+pearl barley 24.5%+vitamin mixture 1% +salt mixture 1% G group: barley 49%+pearl barley 49%+vitamin mixture 1% +salt mixture 1% H group: barley 73.5%+Pearl barley 24.5%+vitamin mixture 1%+salt mixture 1% The rats were kept in an individual cage and were fed 8 different diets for 7 weeks and fed by ad-libitum feeding method. The results of this study were eluciated as followings. 1. B group was significantly lower in weight gain than the other groups. 2. Polished pearl barley showed higher digestion rate in protein and carbohydrate than brown pearl barley but lower in fat. 3. Liver weight was obserbed significant differences between B group and C group. but no significant differences between the others. 4. B group was significantly lower in the total protein content of liver and A/G ratio in plasma than other groups. 5. B group was also the lowest in the hematocrit and hemoglobin contents among the experimental groups. 6. Free amino acid composition in plasma was similar to those in diet.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 1999

For the development of technique for isolation of naked barley starch from Youngsan variety, optimum conditions of the isolation process were investigated. The effect of blending was examined and the results showed that 29.7% starch yield was obtained by 6 times of blending. After the blending, the barley starch contained 3.2% protein, 0.7% fat, 0.4% fiber, 0.4% ash and 2.8% ${eta}$-glucan. The opitmum conditions of ${eta}$-glucanase treatment were studied and the results showed that the amount of ${eta}$-glucanase and barley flour-water ratio were 60,000 unit and 1/2, the optimum steeping temperature, pH were $45^{\circ}C$ and 6.5, respectively. The effect of alkali treatment which would be supposed to increase the yield and purity of the barley starch was also examined. 76.7% starch content was obtained by 2 hr of alkali treatment. After all the treatment of isolation process, the barley starch finally contained 0.2% protein and 0.1% ${eta}$-glucan.