• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.46-49
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• 1984

맥류의 생육과 Ethylene 대사와의 관계를 측정한 몇가지 결과를 소개하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보리 엽의 Ethylene 생성량은 하위엽이 상위엽보다 많고 답압을 한 것이 하지 않은 것보다 많았다. 2. 엽신절단후 시간이 경과함에 따라 Ethylene 생성량은 증가하였는데 pot에서 보다 포장에서 재배한 것이 많았고 절엽후 Incubation의 온도가 높을수록 많았으며 주간이 야간보다 많은 경향이었다. 3. 밀의 Ethylene 생성량은 초형이 직립형인 품종 보다 포복형인 품종일수록 많고 엽록색 함량이 적은 품종보다 많은 품종일수록 증가하였다. 4. 맥류엽의 Ethylene 생성량은 복합비료보다 퇴비를 시용한 것이 많았고 담수를 한 것은 하지 않은 것보다 저하하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2010

Barley leaves tea white bread were prepared by the addition of 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020% hemicellulase to flour of the basic formulation. The experiments and control were then compared in terms of quality characteristics, including pH, total titratable acidity, fermentation power of dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, moisture content, color, textural characteristics, internal surface appearances, and sensory qualities in order to determine the optimal ratio of hemicellulase in the formulation. There were no significant differences in pH and total titratable acidity of dough and bread among the experiments. Fermentation power of dough expansion were increased as incubation time increased. Bread made by the addition of hemicellulase had significantly higher specific volume than the control group. However, lightness and yellowness showed the reverse effect. Greenness was not significantly different among the samples. Baking loss was the highest at the 0.020% addition level, and moisture content was maximal with the 0.010% addition, while the lowest in the control bread samples. As hemicellulase contents increased, harness and fracturability decreased. Resilience was maximal with the 0.015% addition, and was minimal in the 0.005% group. In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor, softness, overall acceptability, barley leaves flavor, delicious taste, astringency, bitterness, and off-flavor were not significantly different among the samples. In coclusion, the results indicate that adding 0.010% hemicellulase in barley leaves tea white bread is optimal for quality and provides a product with reasonably high overall acceptability.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.165-168
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• 1985

흰가루병에 대하여 감수성인 봄보리품종 Peruvian과 성체식물 저상성품종 Asse의 건전잎과 감염잎에 함유되어 있는 에탄올가용성 아미노산을 분석하였다. 접종1일 후에는 이들 두 품종의 제1엽내의 아미노산 함량은 건전잎과 비슷한 수준이었다. 포자형성 동안 Asse보다 Peruvian에서 아미노산의 증가에 뚜렷하였다. 감염된 제1엽, 제5엽에서 아미노산 함량은 엽당 병반수가 많을수록 증가하였고, 감수성 품종 Peruvian의 감염잎이 Asse보다 아미노산 함량이 더 높았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.128-132
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• 1982

봄보리 1.5엽기에 흰가루 병균을 접종하여 병진전에 따른 엽내전분함량변화를 측정하였다. 1.5엽기에 접종하였을 때 감수성 품종 Peruvian과 성체식물저항성 품종 Asse에서 상이한 전분축적양상을 보였다. 감염초기에서는 두 품종 모두 전분함량에 다소 변화가 있었다. 병반형성과 포자형성 동안 감수성 품종 Peruvian에서 전분함량감소가 뚜렷하였으나 Asse에서는 병반형성 동안 증가하였고 세포형성전후에 급격히 감소하였다. 감염이 심한 1.5엽에서 Peruvian은 급격한 전분감소를 보였으나 Asse는 감염강도에 관계없이 감염잎에 높은 전분함량을 유지하였다. 봄 보리의 성체식물저항성과 연관시켜 상이한 발육시기에서 흰가루병 감염된 잎의 전분축적역할을 논하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.431-434
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• 1995

파종시기, 재배지역 및 재배기간을 동일하게 하여 생육시킨 올보리, 수원 298호, 수원 311흐, 밀양 60호 보리 품종에 대해 출수 약 2주전에 보리잎을 채취하여 이들의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 보리잎의 영양성분은 건물량으로 조단백 $25{\sim}29%$, 조지방 $9.3{\sim}9.9%$, 회분 $9.3{\sim}11.2%$, ${\beta}$-glucan $1.3{\sim}l.8%$의 함량을 나타내었다. 클로로필 함량은 올보리 951mg%, 수원 311호 885mg%, 밀양 60호 866mg%, 수원 298호 826mg% 이었고 무기질 함량은 K의 함량이 가장 높았으며 품종간 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 비타민 C의 함량은 올보리 328mg%, 수원 298호 266mg%, 수원 311호 278mg%, 밀양 60호 269mg% 이었다. 유리당의 함량은 품종간 다소의 차이는 있으나 모든 품종에서 glucose의 함량이 $5.70{\sim}8.35%$로서 가장 높게 나타났고 다음이 fructose, sucrose, raffinose의 순이었으며 올리고 당으로서는 $GF_2$인 1-kestose가 $0.26{\sim}0.39%$ 정도 존재 한 반면 $GF_3$인 1-nystose는 $0.03{\sim}0.04%$ 정도로 그 함량이 대단히 낮았다. 유리아미노산의 함량은 arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine이 높은 값을 나타내었으나 품종간 아미노산의 함량은 각 아미노산 마다 일정치 않았다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1986

[ $0.5\%$ ] lactophenol acid fuchsin으로 염색해 본 결과 보리흰가루 병균의 제1차 발아관에 반응하여 보리표피 세포에 papillae 및 cytoplasmic aggregate가 형성되었으나 그 크기는 부착기에 반응하여 형성된 것보다는 훨씬 작았으며 또한 접종후 36-48시간 이후의 표피세포내에는 acid fuchsin에 의해서 다른 세포들에 비해 세포전체가 좀 더 진하게 염색되는 곳이 군데군데 관찰되었다. 그러나 접종 후 96시간까지 지질과산화산물의 일종인 malondialdehyde의 함량은 증가하지 않았다. 접종 후 6시간에 형성된 papillae 및 cytoplasmic aggregate내에 callose, protein, phenol물질 등은 집적되었으나 접종 후 72시간까지도 cellulose, cutin, suberin, lignin등은 검출되지 않았다. 보리-흰가루병 상호조합의 상기 모든 반응은 race 비특이적이었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2015

Combined applications of rice bran with pine leaves were tested to examine the inhibitory effects to paddy weeds and increased yield of rice for developing techniques of environment-friendly weed management in paddy rice fields. Weed control efficacy at 60 days after treatment was improved to 88.8% by combined application of rice bran with pine leaves, while weed control efficacy by single application of rice bran showed 67.5%. The other weed control efficacy combined with chestnut leaves and barley straws were 76.3% and 69.9% respectively. Combined application of rice bran with pine leaves was more effective to broadleaf weeds such as Monochoria vaginalis. Weed control efficacy by combined application with pine leaves was 100% until 70 days after rice transplanting and maintained weed control effect up to 90 days after transplanting. Rice yield by combined application of rice bran with pine leaves was 526 kg/10 a, which was higher yield than by combined application with barley straws, single application of rice bran, natural snail application and hand weeding.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various leaf powders on chocolate by analyzing quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and sensory characteristics. Methods: Pine needles, mulberry leaves, ramie leaves, barley leaves, and squash leaves were freeze-dried, powdered, and added to the chocolate. Results: Water contents of all leaf powder-added groups were significantly higher than that of the control (15.78%). The pH values of chocolate with leaf powder were lower than that of the control (6.33) while that of mulberry leaf chocolate (6.56) was higher than that of the control. In color measurement, L-value, a-value, and b-value were highest in pine needle chocolate (30.31, 3.52, and 4.78, respectively). The ${\Delta}E$ value (total color difference compared to white board) was the highest in squash leaf chocolate (69.51) and significantly different from that of the control (67.69). The hardness of leaf powder-added chocolate was lower than that of the control (6.84 N), except for pine needles. In the antioxidant activity analysis, chocolate with pine needles and squash leaves had higher polyphenols, flavonoids, and ABTS radical scavenging antioxidant activity than those of the control. Overall consumer acceptability was the most preferred in the control compared to the other groups. However, chocolate with mulberry and barley leaves also received high scores (5.60 and 5.40, respectively) for overall acceptability. Conclusion: It can be concluded that chocolate with barley leaves is desirable for making functional chocolate due to its high consumer preference and positive effects on improving antioxidant activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.647-650
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• 1996

Fifteen sheep were used in a trial which compared the feeding value of whole barley gain and cottonseed cake as supplements to a basal diet of leaves of fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens). Diet SB contained 700 g (air-dry matter) of saltbush alone, diet SB + BG contained 700 g SB with 400 g whole barley grain and diet SB + CS contained 700 g SB with 400 g cottonseed cake. The digestibility of the dry matter of diets SB (69%) and SB + CS (70%) were lower (p < 0.001) than of diet SB + BG (76%). Sheep offered SB alone daily lost 80g whereas those fed the other diets gained 11 g (SB + CS) or 17 g (SB + BG) per day. Daily water consumption of the sheep offered the three diets was similar (p > 0.05), but their water consumption was higher (p < 0.001) than that of sheep offered daily 700 g wheat straw and 200 g barley grain. The results indicate that, at the levels of feeding used, barley grain and cottonseed cake had similar value as supplements to fourwing saltbush harvested in summer. The addition of the supplement allowed the sheep to gain some live weight. However, the presence of saltbush leaves in the diet resulted in higher water intakes by the sheep.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 1998

Freezing-resistant plants can survive subzero temperatures by withstanding extracellular ice formation. During cold acclimation, their leaves accumulate antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that are secreted into the apoplast and have the ability to modify the normal growth of ice crystals. Three barley, two wheat and two rye cultivars were grown under two different temperature regimes (20/16$^{\circ}C$ and 5/2$^{\circ}C$, day/night). Apoplastic proteins from winter cereals were separated by SDS-PAGE and detected with antisera to AFPs from winter rye. Apoplastic proteins accumulated to much higher levels in cold-acclimated (CA) leaves compared with nonacclimated (NA) ones in winter cereals. After cold acclimation, the protein concentration of apoplastic extracts increased significantly from 0.088 $mgmL^{-1}$ to 0.448 $mgmL^{-1}$, with about 5-fold increment. Also, the apoplastic protein content per gram leaf fresh weight in CA leaves ranged from 31 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$ to 120 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$ with an averaged value of 77 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$, and coefficients of variation of 54.9%. The CA leaves in Musketeer (a Canadian winter rye cultivar) showed the greatest AFPs and antifreeze activity followed by 'Geurumil' (a Korean winter wheat cultivar), and 'Dongbori l' (Korean facultative barley cultivar). The proteins secreted into the wheat leaf apoplast at CA condition were more numerous than those observed in winter rye, where two $\beta$-1,3-glucanase-like proteins (GLPs), two chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) and two thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) accumulated during cold acclimation. The proteins in barley leaf apoplast at CA conditions were a little different from those in wheat leaves. The AFPs were various among and within species. More freezing-resistant cultivars had more clear and numerous bands than less freezing-resistant ones. The high determination coefficient ($R^2$ =91 %) between freezing resistance and AFPs per gram leaf fresh weight indicated that the amount of AFPs was highly related to freezing resistance in winter cereal crops.