• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2009

The chemical compositions, and antibacterial and antifungal effects of essential oils extracted from three coniferous species, Pinus densiflora, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa, were investigated. Gas chromatography mass analysis of the essential oils revealed that the major components and the percentage of each essential oil were 16.66% $\beta$-phellandrene and 14.85% $\alpha$-pinene in P. densiflora; 31.45% kaur-16-ene and 11.06% sabinene in C. japonica; and 18.75% bicyclo [2,2,1] heptan-2-ol and 17.41% 2-carene in Ch. obtusa. The antimicrobial assay by agar disc diffusion method showed that $2.2{\mu}g$ of Ch. obtusa oil inhibited most effectively the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 33312 and Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 10031, whereas the C. japonica oil gave weak antimicrobial activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) values for bacterial strains were in the range of 5.45-21.8 mg/ml depending on essential oils, but most Gram-negative bacteria were resistant even at 21.8 mg oil/ml. P. densiflora oil showed the most effective antifungal activity and the MIC values for Cryptococcus neoformans B42419 and Candida glabrata YFCC 062CCM 11658 were as low as 0.545 and 2.18 mg/ml, respectively. Cryp. neoformans B42419 was the most sensitive to all essential oils in the range of 0.545-2.18 mg/ml. Our data clearly showed that the essential oils from the three conifers had effective antimicrobial activity, especially against fungi.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 2017

Now a day's rise of new antibiotic resistant bacterial strains is a global threat. Ethnic people of India have been employing Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. Parker wood extract in healing cancerous wounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and to identify the medicinally potent chemicals in the essential oil extract of A. polystachya. The antibacterial properties of various organic extracts were evaluated against a range of bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) based on the disc diffusion method and GC-MS based analysis for finding active oil extract components. All extracts of A. polystachya leaves showed potential antibacterial activity, notably ethyl acetate, while petroleum ether extracts revealed highly sensitive activity against all tested bacteria (zones of inhibition ranging from 8.83 to 11.23 mm). In addition, the petroleum ether extract had the lowest MIC value (32 to $256{\mu}g/mL$) against E. coli, S. lutea, X. campestris, and B. subtilis bacteria. The major compounds detected in oil [${\beta}$-elemene (16.04 %), ${\beta}$-eudesmol (12.78 %), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (19.37 %), ${\beta}$-selinene (11.32 %), elemol (5.76 %), and ${\alpha}$-humulene (5.68 %)] are expected to be responsible for the potent antimicrobial activity. The results of this study offer valuable insights into the potent role of A. polystachya essential oil extract in pharmaceutical and antibiotic research.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.349-354
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• 2016

The emergence and dissemination of extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamse (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates make it more difficult to treatment of bacterial infections. In our study, we detected ESBL genes and investigated antimicrobial susceptibility of K. pneumoniae isolates in Chungcheong province. In addition, clonality among the isolates was analyzed by repetitive element sequence (REP)-PCR. Twenty-one of 102 K. pneumoniae isolates produced CTX-M-14 and/or CTX-M-15 and showed high level (over 70%) resistance to third cephalosporins. CTX-M type ESBL producing K. pneumoniae strains isolated in our study showed diverse clonality and some of the isolates have been disseminated in the community. Enhancing infection control will be needed to prevent dissemination of the K. pneumoniae isolates. In addition, for more effective control of resistant bacteria it is considered necessary to monitor the database constructed through convergence of biological investigation and statistical analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.368-371
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• 2007

Pulmonary cavities are caused by bacterial pneumonia, fungal diseases, lung cancer, and tuberculosis (TB). However, in Korea, patients with cavitary lung lesions are generally considered to have pulmonary TB, where the incidence of TB is approximately 70/100,000 per year. We report a case of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis that was obscured by multidrug-resistant pulmonary TB.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 1989

Eighty two bacterial strains have been isolated from five different soil and sewage samples by selective enrichment culture on m-toluate minimal medium. Two of these were identified as Pseudomonas capacia, one as P. putida, one as Yersinia intermedia, and one as Flavobaeterium odoratum. P. cepacia SUB37 appeared to carry plasmid superficially similar to TOL plasmid previously described in p. putida mt-2 and other two plasmids from Flavobacterium odorutum and Y. intermedia larger than that of p. putida mt-2. p. cepacia SUB37 was sensitive to streptomycin but resistant to rifampicin. P. cepacia SUB37 carrying plasmid metabolizes the hydrocarbons to benzoate and toluates via the corresponding alcohols and aldehydes. By the curing experiment, it appears that P. cepacia SUB37 carries TOL plasmid encoding for the enzymes responsible for the catabolism of toluene and xylene via benzoate and the toluates and then by meta pathway in the process of degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. p. cepacia SUB37 degraded m-toluate rapidly to be very low level when it was fully grown.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.666-670
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• 1994

To increase the yield of acetic acid production, the author developed the bacterial strain which could brow well in high concentration of ehtanol from the seed culture using in conventional vinegar production factory. By attenuation of the isolated strain in the broth media containing 5-10% ethanol, we could get the strain which could grow in the broth medium containing 10% ethanol. This strain was identified and named as Acetobacter sp. FM-10, and it's cultural characteristics were also investigated. The medium containing 10% ethanol, 5% glucose and 1% yest extract was suitable for the acetic acid production with Acetobacter sp. FM-10. Optimum temperature and pH for the growth of Acetobacter sp. FM-10. were $30^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. The acidity of culture medium was reached to 9.0 % after 20 days static cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.323-336
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• 1996

This is a retrospective study on the patients with infection of the oral and maxillofacial region with the purpose of obtaining some useful data for diagnosis and treatment plan of that relatively common disease in dentistry. The used materials of study were 87 in total, including 52 male patients, 35 female patients who diagnosed and treated at the Department of the Dentistry in Hanyang Medical College Hospital for the period of Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1994. The author analyzed the distribution and incidence of sex, age, admission period, etiologic factors, etiologic teeth, treatment method of infections, pus culture, antibiotics sensibilities and medication. The result obtained as follows : 1. The developmental incidences by sex was superior in male by the ratio of 1.5 : 1 and the infection was most frequently occurred during the third decades(35.6%). 2. The number of admitted patients elevated in February, March, and April, and average of admission period was 9.8 days. 3. Main etiologic teeth showed on lower molar region in adult(63%) and upper molar region in primary dentition(46.1%). 4. Medications were administrated in all of the cases, and surgical incision and drainage were performed in 53% and extraction of the causative teeth were performed in 63.6% of all cases. 5. The most common involved fascial spaces were Buccal space(41.4%), Infraorbital space(27.6%), Submandibular space(16.1%),in order, and 9 cases(10.3%) were Ludwig's Angina. In 68.2% of the patients, and infection involved only one fascial space and in 21.8% of the patients, it involved to more fascial spaces. 6. The most causative organisms isolated from pus culture were Gram-positive facultative cocci(55.5%), and antibiotics sensitivities on the total isolated bacterial strains were exposed chloramphenicol(88.6%), Cephalothin(88.6%), Erythromycin(81.5%), Lincomycin(77.8%) in order, but it showed resistant on Gentamycin(58.3%), Tetracycline(56.5%), Methicillin(38.5%).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 1997

The bacterial strains, which utilizes 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether(TCHDPE) as a sole carbon source, were isolated by selective enrichment culture from soil samples of industrial waste deposits. The bacterium that showed the highestt biodegradation activity was designated as EL-O47R The isolated strain EL-O47R was Identified as the genus Pseudomonas from the results of morphological, cultural, and biochemical tests. The optimum conditions of medium for the growth and the degradation of TCHDPE were TCHDPE 500 ppm, (NH4)2SO4 0.1% as the nitrogen source, initial pH 7.0±0.1, and 37℃, respectively. In this conditions, the regradation rate of TCHDPE was about 97%. Pseudomonas sp. EL-O47R was tested for resistance to several metal compounds and antibiotics. Pseudomonas sp. EL-O47R was moderately grown to Cd(NO3)2, ZnCl2, AgSO4, CuSO4 and HgCl2. This strain was sensitive to rifampicin and kanamycln but resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, tetracyclin and chloramphenlcol. Pseudomonas sp. EL-O47R was grown structurally related com- pounds and potential metabolites of TCHDPE, and has the stability on TCHDPE biodegradation.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2006

Mitis-salivarius sucrose bacitracin(MSB) medium is widely used in the selective isolation of mutans streptococci(MS), a designation for a group of oral cariogenic species. Recently, we have isolated three bacterial strains grown on MSB agar from human dental plaques. The three strains exhibited biochemical characteristics similar to those of the biotype IV of MS, with the exception that they manifested a positive reaction for arginine deaminase. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize these three clinical isolates. The bacteria were identified with biochemical tests as well as by 16S rDNA cloning and sequencing. In order to compare the antibiotics susceptibility of the clinical isolates with that of type strain, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 9 antibiotics were determined using broth dilution assays. The results identified all of our three clinical isolates as Enterococcus faecalis. All E. faecalis strains were found to be susceptible to penicillin G, amoxicillin, augmentin, and vancomycin, but were resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxim axetil, and clindamycin. Our findings indicate that E. faecalis is capable of growing on MSB agar, and suggest that the MSB medium be improved so that only MS should be recoverable on the medium, as originally devised for their selection.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2015

In a previous report, we identified several candidate antimicrobial peptides through de novo RNA sequencing of the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Here, we identify and characterize one of these peptides, Scolopendrasin I. We identified the centipede antimicrobial peptide Cecropin from the centipede transcriptome using an SVM algorithm, and subsequently analyzed the amino acid sequence for predicted secondary structure using a GOR algorithm. We identified an alpha helical region of Cecropin and named it Scolopendrasin I. We then assessed antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of Scolopendrasin I. Scolopendrasin I showed antimicrobial activity against various microbes, including antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, in a radial diffusion assay. Scolopendrasin I had potent antibacterial activity against acne-associated microbes in a colony count assay and showed no hemolytic activity in a hemolysis assay. In addition, we confirmed that Scolopendrasin I bound to the surface of bacteria via a specific interaction with lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide, two components of bacterial cell membranes. In conclusion, the results presented here provide evidence that this is an efficient strategy for antimicrobial peptide candidate identification and that Scolopendrasin I has potential for successful antibiotic development.