• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2023

Rice is an important food crop for most of the population in the world and it is largely cultivated in Pakistan. It not only fulfills food demand in the country but also contributes to the wealth of Pakistan. But its production can be affected by climate change. The irregularities in the climate can cause several diseases such as brown spots, bacterial blight, tungro and leaf blasts, etc. Detection of these diseases is necessary for suitable treatment. These diseases can be effectively detected using deep learning such as Convolution Neural networks. Due to the small dataset, transfer learning models such as vgg16 model can effectively detect the diseases. In this paper, vgg16, inception and xception models are used. Vgg16, inception and xception models have achieved 99.22%, 88.48% and 93.92% validation accuracies when the epoch value is set to 10. Evaluation of models has also been done using accuracy, recall, precision, and confusion matrix.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2011

In grower pigs, enteric diseases are major economic problem in swine industries. Enteric diseases are attributed to numerous bacterial agents, such as Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis, Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli and Salmonella spp. Therefore we investigated the prevalence of enteric pathogens and found out the correlation of infectious agents in enteric diseases of grower pigs in Jeju-do using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 509 fecal samples of grower pigs from 49 pig farms of Jeju-do were collected from May 2006 to June 2007. Diagnostic confirmation was performed based on the detection of bacterial DNA from fecal samples. Based on the PCR methods, B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, L. intracellularis and Salmonella spp. were detected in 82 (16.1%), 38 (7.5%), 15 (2.9%), and 12 (2.4%) fecal samples from grower pigs in Jeju-do, respectively. Single infection of enteric pathogen and mixed infection with more than 2 pathogens were detected in 110 (86.6%) and 17 (13.4%) grower pigs, respectively. These results suggest that B. pilosicoli and B. hyodysenteriae are main pathogens of diarrheal disease among grower pigs in Jeju-do. Therefore, accurate control strategy for enteric pathogens should be warranted in Jeju-do.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.249-256
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• 2001

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines 8ra produces a bacteriocin called glycinecinA, which specifically inhibits the growth of bacteria belonging to Xanthomonas species. GlycinecinA was produced by culturing Escherichia coli DH5 containing biosynthetic genes for glycinecinA, and was tested for its control effect against X. vesicatoria on red pepper and X. oryzae pv. oryzae on rice. The bacteriocin activity was much higher in the cell extract than in the supernatant. It reached a maximum level at the stationary phase, ws maintained up to 2 months at room temperature and approximately 10 months at $4^{\circ}$. The optimum concentration of glycinecinA for the control in the greenhouse and in the field was 12,800 AU/ml. In this study, the activity of glycinecinA on rice and red pepper leaves continued for 7-8 days, during which the pathogen populations remained at low levels. Bacterial leaf spot of red pepper and bacterial leaf blight of rice were significantly reduced by the bacteriocin treatments. The control efficacy was as high as, or even higher than, the chemical treatment of copper hydroxide. These results suggest that the bacteriocin is a potential control agent for bacterial diseases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2000

Nine samples of soft rotten roots and blighted leaves of Ficus spp. plants were collected from the vinyl-houses in Taejeon, Seongnam, Suweon and Yangjae in 1988 and pathogenic bactea were isolated from them Results of the studies on morphological, cultural, physiologucal and pathological characteristics indicated that the bacteria from Ficus retusa were Pseudomonas cichorii, from Ficus retusa \`Golden leaf\` and Ficus benjamina were P.viridiflava. These are the first description of bacteria which caused the diseases on Ficus spp. in Korea. We proposed to name the disease of Ficus retusa by P. cichorii as \"bacterial root rot of Ficus retusa\" and Ficus retusa(Golden leaf) and Ficus benjamina by P. viridiflava as \"bacterial leaf blight of Ficus retusa (Golden leaf)\", \"bacterial blight of Ficus benjamina\", respectively.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2020

Fish bacterial diseases have spread and caused serious problem for cultured marine fish in Korea. The important bacterial disease affecting mariculture such as olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) are caused by Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio scophthalmi and Streptococcus parauberis. For the bacterial disease protection in aquaculture industry, the water treatment is needed in aquaculture system. During the last decades atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma in contact with liquids have received a lot of attention of environmental and medical application. In this study, we determined the disinfectant effect in seawater and three major fish bacterial disease pathogens by using low frequency plasma treatment. Three fish bacteria (E. tarda, V. schophthalmi, S. parauberis) were not detected within 16 min, 150 min and 270 min of 20 L, 500 L and 1 ton seawater post low frequency plasma treatment, respectively. Three major fish bacterial disease pathogens were not detected within 2 min after the low frequency plasma treatment, suggesting that the low frequency plasma possess disinfectant effectiveness.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2017

Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) causes bacterial wilt, and it is one of the most important soil-borne plant pathogenic bacteria. RSSC has a large host range of more than 50 botanical families, which represent more than 200 plant species, including tomato. It is difficult to control bacterial wilt due to following reasons: the bacterial wilt pathogen can grow inside the plant tissue, and it can also survive in soil for a long period; moreover, it has a wide host range and biological diversity. In most previous studies, scientists have focused on developing biological control agents, such as antagonistic microorganisms and botanical materials. However, biocontrol attempts are not successful. Plant-derived metabolites and extracts have been promising candidates to environmentally friendly control bacterial wilt diseases. Therefore, we review the plant extracts, essential oils, and secondary metabolites that show potent in vivo antibacterial activities (in potted plants or in field) against tomato bacterial wilt, which is caused by RSSC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2012

Background: This study evaluates the bacterial pathogens of Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a tertiary referral hospital. Methods: A total of 109 bacterial pathogens from 91 adult patients with VAP, who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit from January 2008 to December 2009, were examined. Clinical characteristics, bacterial pathogens, and resistance profiles were analyzed. Results: Staphylococcus aureus (44%) was the most frequently isolated. Acinetobacter baumanii (30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6%), and Serratia marcescens (2%) were isolated from the transtracheal aspirates or bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with VAP. There was no significant difference of bacterial pathogens between early and late onset VAP. All isolated S. aureus were methicillin resistant S. aureus; the imipenem resistance rate of A. baumanii was 69%. Conclusion: The two most frequent pathogens of VAP were S. aureus and A. baumanii. There were no pathogenic differences between early and late onset VAP.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.627-633
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• 1994

A study on efficacy and safety of Bio-Gammamix was performed to use for the preventive drug against bacterial diseases to mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri), eel(Anguilla japonica) and flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus). The main ingredients of Bio-Gammamix were ferrous fumarate and mixed extrated powders of licorice root, ox bile and garlic. The test drug was proved to improve feeding habit and feed efficiency and decrease cumulative mortality remarkably. After administration, no side effects and histopathological changes were observed. We can prevent outbreaks of bacterial diseases of fish by the dosage of 1kg/ton of fish body weight perorally once or two times in a day for 7 days and Bio-Gammamix is thought to be used effectively an widely against most bacterial fish pathogens.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2018

Pine wilt disease, caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is one of the most devastating conifer diseases decimating several species of pine trees on a global scale. Here, we report the draft genome of Raoultella ornithinolytica MG, which is isolated from mountain-cultivated ginseng plant as an bacterial endophyte and shows nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus. Our analysis of R. ornithinolytica MG genome showed that it possesses many genes encoding potential nematicidal factors in addition to some secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters that may contribute to the observed nematicidal activity of the strain. Furthermore, the genome was lacking key components of avermectin gene cluster, suggesting that nematicidal activity of the bacterium is not likely due to the famous anthelmintic agent of wide-spread use, avermectin. This genomic information of R. ornithinolytica will provide basis for identification and engineering of genes and their products toward control of pine wilt disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.332-336
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• 2002

Bacterical tracheitis is a very rare complication in adults after endotracheal intubation. We report a case of bacterial tracheitis associated with endotracheal intubation and corticosteroids. The patient was discharged with a permanent tracheostomy, and a resection and an end-to-end anastomosis of the trachea is planned.