• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

The errors in retrieved aerosol backscattering coefficients due to different lidar ratios are analyzed quantitatively in this paper. The actual calculation shows that the inversion error of the aerosol backscattering coefficients using the Fernald backward-integration method increases with increasing inversion distance. The greater the error in the lidar ratio, the faster the error in the aerosol backscattering coefficient increases. For the same error in lidar ratio, the smaller actual aerosol backscattering coefficient will get the larger relative error of the retrieved aerosol backscattering coefficient. The errors in the lidar ratios for dust or the cirrus layer have great impact on the retrievals of backscattering coefficients. The interval between the retrieved height and the reference range is one of the important factors for the derived error in the aerosol backscattering coefficient, which is revealed quantitatively for the first time in this paper. The conclusions of this article can provide a basis for error estimation in retrieved backscattering coefficients of background aerosols, dust and cirrus layer. The errors in the lidar ratio of an aerosol layer influence the retrievals of backscattering coefficients for the aerosol layer below it.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제31권3_4호
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• pp.479-490
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• 2013

In this paper, we investigate a priori error estimates and superconvergence of varitional discretization for nonlinear parabolic optimal control problems with control constraints. The time discretization is based on the backward Euler method. The state and the adjoint state are approximated by piecewise linear functions and the control is not directly discretized. We derive a priori error estimates for the control and superconvergence between the numerical solution and elliptic projection for the state and the adjoint state and present a numerical example for illustrating our theoretical results.

• 대기
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2013

In meteorology, exploitation of Kalman filter as a data assimilation system is virtually impossible due to simultaneous requirements of adjoint model and large computer resource. The other substitute of utilizing ensemble Kalman filter is only affordable by compensating an enormous usage of computing resource. Furthermore, the latter employs ensemble integration sets for evolving the background error covariance matrix by compensating the dynamical feature of the temporal evolution of weather conditions. We propose a new implementation method that works without the adjoint model by utilizing the explicit expression of the background error covariance matrix in backward evolution. It will also break a barrier in the evolution of the covariance matrix. The method may be applied with a slight modification to the real time assimilation or the retrospective analysis.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.717-737
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• 2014

We study the effect of numerical quadrature in space on semidiscrete and fully discrete piecewise linear finite element methods for parabolic interface problems. Optimal $L^2(L^2)$ and $L^2(H^1)$ error estimates are shown to hold for semidiscrete problem under suitable regularity of the true solution in whole domain. Further, fully discrete scheme based on backward Euler method has also analyzed and optimal $L^2(L^2)$ norm error estimate is established. The error estimates are obtained for fitted finite element discretization based on straight interface triangles.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

This paper suggests a methodology fur improving the machining accuracy by compensating for the machining errors based on on-machine measurement process. Probing errors and machine tool errors included in the measurement data were calibrated or compensated to obtain the actual machining errors. Machine tool errors were modeled in forward and backward directions according to the axis movement direction to consider the effects of backlash errors on the measurement data, and model parameters were determined by measuring a cube array artifact. A rectangular workpiece was machined and then measured with a touch probe as a verification experiment. Machining experiments showed that the machining errors were reduced to within the designated tolerance after compensating for the actual machining errors by modifying the original footpath for the next-step machining.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.386-391
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• 2009

In this study, the numerical study has carried out to analyze the factors of the efficiency decrease at backward flow situation in an axial fan with adjustable blades. The analysis is carried out the pitch angle $36^{\circ}$ on the forward flow and the pitch angle $-26^{\circ}$ on the backward flow. The numerical results show that the air flow rates of the pitch angle $36^{\circ}$ and $-26^{\circ}$ are respectively calculated to 285 CMM and 212 CMM. The results are similar to the experimental results carried out by Chang, and have made the maximum error of 10.6% when compared with the experimental results. The important reason of the fan efficiency decrease is that axial fan used for this study was designed to use for the forward flow. As the results, the pitch angle $-26^{\circ}$ has occurred the recirculation around the impeller blade, impeller cover and stator.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3672-3684
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• 2015

Recently, the standardization of backward compatible JPEG image coding for high dynamic range (HDR) image has been undertaken to establish an international standard called "JPEG XT." The JPEG XT consists of two layers: the base layer and the residual layer. The base layer contains tone mapped low dynamic range (LDR) image data and the residual layer contains the error signal used to reconstruct the HDR image. This paper gives the result of a study to evaluate the overall performance of tone mapping operators (TMOs) for this standard. The evaluation is performed using five HDR image datasets and six TMOs for profiles A, B, and C of the proposed JPEG XT standard. The Tone Mapped image Quality Index (TMQI) and no reference image quality assessment (NR IQA) are used for measuring the LDR image quality. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is used to evaluate the overall compression performance of JPEG XT profiles A, B, and C. In TMQI and NR IQA measurements, TMOs using display adaptive tone mapping and adaptive logarithmic mapping each gave good results. A TMO using adaptive logarithmic mapping gave good PSNRs.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.275-287
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• 2005

Geometric invariants are basic tools for geometric processing and computer vision. In this paper, we give a linear approximation for the differentiation of the binormal vector field of a space curve by using the forward and backward differences of discrete binormal vectors. Two kind of discrete torsion, say, back-ward torsion $T_b$ and forward torsion $T_f$ can be defined by the dot product of the (backward and forward) discrete differentiation of binormal vectors that are linear approximations of torsion. Using Frenet formula and Taylor series expansion, we give error estimations for the discrete torsions. We also give numerical tests for a curve. Notably the average of $T_b$ and $T_f$ looks more stable in errors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.224-261
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• 2021

The interest in implicit-explicit (IMEX) integration methods has emerged as an alternative for dealing in a computationally cost-effective way with stiff ordinary differential equations arising from practical modeling problems. In this paper, we introduce implicit-explicit second derivative linear multi-step methods (IMEX SDLMM) with error control. The proposed IMEX SDLMM is based on second derivative backward differentiation formulas (SDBDF) and recursive SDBDF. The IMEX second derivative schemes are constructed with order p ranging from p = 1 to 8. The methods are numerically validated on well-known stiff equations.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2010

새로운 휴대 이동 방송 방식인 고품질 지상파 DMB(Advanced T-DMB)시스템은 계층변조 방식을 이용하여 기존 T-DMB와 역호환성을 유지하면서 동일한 주파수 대역폭에서 전송률을 최대 2배로 높이기 위해 개발되었다. 이러한 고품질 지상파 DMB 시스템은 T-DMB의 DQPSK 변조신호에 새로운 변조가 적용된 BPSK 또는 QPSK 신호를 향상 계층으로 중첩하여 전송함으로써 기존 T-DMB의 고품질화를 실현한다. AT-DMB의 향상계층에 새로 추가되는 신호는 T-DMB와 역호환성 유지 및 방송권역 축소를 최소화하기 위해 크기가 충분히 작아야하는데, 추가되는 크기가 작은 신호는 전송채널에 존재하는 페이딩에 의해 쉽게 왜곡될 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 새로 추가되는 신호에는 오류정정 성능이 우수한 이중이진터보 (turbo) 부호를 적용하여 채널왜곡을 보상하고, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 이의 적용가능성을 분석하였다.