• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.117-136
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• 2018

이 연구는 Wiggins와 McTighe(2011)의 2.0버전의 템플릿을 가정과 수업을 위한 템플릿으로 수정, 보완하여 재구조화하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 백워드 디자인의 주창자인 Wiggins와 McTighe의 이론을 고찰하고, Wiggins와 McTighe(2011)의 2.0버전의 템플릿을 고찰하였다. 또 백워드 디자인을 활용한 다양한 선행 연구를 분석하여 가정과 수업에 백워드 디자인을 적용하기 위한 템플릿 재구조화를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. 또 전문가 협의회를 통한 안면타당도를 통해 템플릿의 타당도를 검증받았다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐, 1. 교육과정 분석, 2. 수업설계(학습경험 디자인↔평가설계), 3. 수업 흐름, 4. 각 차시별 수업 안내, 5. 평가기록 및 피드백의 총 5단계로 재구조화한 가정과 템플릿을 개발하였다. 이 연구에서 재구조화한 가정과 템플릿을 활용하여 2015 개정 교육과정의 가정과교육 영역의 수업 자료를 개발하여 학습자의 역량 함양에 기여하는 교수·학습의 개선이 지속적으로 확대되어 가야 할 것이다. 추후 연구에서는 백워드 디자인 적용의 가정과 수업이 학습자에게 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 학교 현장 연구가 추진되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-161
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• 2020

이 연구는 초등학생들의 천문단원에 대한 심층적인 이해를 돕고자 백워드 설계 2.0을 활용해 단원을 설계하고 적용해봄으로써 과학 학업성취도, 수행평가, 과학 수업 만족도의 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 과학 학업성취도 검사에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었지만, 실험집단의 평균점수가 향상되었다. 수행평가 점수 결과, 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었는데, 이는 과정 중심 평가를 통해 피드백이 잘 제공되면서 심층적인 이해를 도왔기 때문이다. 과학 수업 만족도 검사 결과, 과학교사 영역을 제외한 과학교육 과정 영역과 교우 관계 영역에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 이는 철저한 성취기준 분석을 통해 차별화된 과학과 교육과정을 설계하였으며, 성취기준 도달을 위해 다양한 학생중심의 교수·방법을 구현했기 때문이다. 이 연구를 통해 초등과학 수업에서 백워드 설계 2.0이 학습자에게 미치는 영향에 주목하고, 백워드 설계 2.0을 현장에서 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 방법을 찾는 데 도움이 되길 기대해 본다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2023

KVMF 1.0 프로토콜은 비트 단위의 가변형 메시지 처리를 통해 다양한 무기 체계 간 데이터통신이 가능하도록 표준 메시지와 통신 방법을 정의한 육군 표준 전술 데이터링크 프로토콜이다. 이 프로토콜은 지난 10년간 다양한 육군 무기 체계에 적용되어 왔고, 현대전의 핵심인 NCW(Network Centric Warfare)의 구현을 가능하게 하여 육군의 작전 수행 능력이 한 단계 업그레이드되는데 기여하였다. KVMF 1.0 프로토콜이 적용된 이후, 시간의 흐름에 따라 새로운 기술이 적용된 신규 무기 체계가 도입되었고 신규 무기 체계는 무기 체계의 특성에 따른 새로운 메시지를 탑재하게 되었다. 이에 따라 기존에 전력화된 무기 체계와의 메시지 버전 차이에 따른 호환 문제가 발생하게 되었고 미래의 지속적인 메시지 개정 소요를 고려하면 앞으로도 이러한 문제가 연속하여 대두될 것으로 예상되었다. 따라서 이러한 메시지 호환성 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안이 필요하게 되었고 본 논문에서는 상/하위 버전간 호환성이 보장되는 KVMF 2.0 프로토콜 설계안을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 제시한 호환 방안을 소프트웨어로 구현하였으며, 상/하위 버전 간 연동 환경을 구성하여 시험을 통해 설계안이 성공적으로 동작함을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 본 KVMF 2.0 프로토콜 설계안을 무기 체계에 적용하면 기 전력화 체계와의 연동은 물론, 미래의 무기 체계와도 연동할 수 있는 상/하위 버전 간 호환성 확보가 될 수 있을 것이라 기대할 수 있게 되었다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.33-54
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• 2018

This study devised an instruction that applies the content factors of Family Life Planning to backward design by exploring the fundamental concepts of backward design and the structure of developing a systematic instruction. Furthermore, it was conducted to improve the developed instruction by examining its validity with the help of experts and to find the method of applying it to the curriculum. The lesson design of this study was as follows. 1) Making a unit outline, 2) Identifying the expected results (Shaping the objectives), 3) Deciding acceptable evidence (Planning evaluation), 4) Making a detailed blueprint for class tasks, 5) Planning learning experience, 6) Making a learning experience plan per time, 7) Checking the lesson design. Second, experts participated in this study for the internal validity test about the process of the systematic lesson development of Family Life Design based on a backward design. The results were shown to be valid because the average was 3.7 out of a perfect score 4 and the CVI of all was over 0.9. The result of the IRA was also score 1, meaning that most of the experts agreed on the results of the test. The details of the lesson design were clear at every stage and the tasks and the results of each stage were specific. This study included most of the necessary stages for a backward design.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate (HR), self-awareness of exercise intensity (rating of perceived exertion, RPE), and 5-meter walk test (5MWT) of persons affected by stroke during backward walking according to the preferred stride frequency (PSF), PSF+3 and PSF+6 conditions. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 11 persons with stroke (9 males, 2 females) participated voluntarily. All patients underwent backward walking under the PSF, PSF+3, and PSF+6 conditions in underwater and ground environments, and each condition was performed for 5 minutes. The HR, RPE, and walking speeds were measured during walking, and the measured values from underwater and ground environments were compared. Results: The HR and RPE in the ground environment were significantly increased (p<0.05), and although the 5MWT showed an increase in speed, it was not significant. The HR and RPE in the underwater environment were also significantly increased (p<0.05), however, although the 5MWT results was increased, it was not significant. The HR and RPE were significantly increased in the PSF+6 condition (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that backward gait training underwater can provide an appropriate exercise intensity for stroke survivors and suggests that exercises performed in an underwater environment is more effective compared to the ground environment.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examined the kinematic relationship and differences through the range of motion (ROM), muscle activity, and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during forward and backward lunge movements, which are effective in improving muscle strength and balance ability of the lower extremities, and to provide clinical information on more efficient lunge movements. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Fifteen adult males who met the selection criteria were tested for their dominant feet.Forward and backward lunges were then performed, and the ROM, muscle activity, and VGRF were measured for kinematic analysis during the lunge movement.The differences betweenthe forward lunge and backward lunge intervention were examined using a paired t-test. Results: A significant increase in the ROM of the knee and ankle was observed during the forward and backward lunges (p<0.05). In addition, in terms of the muscle activity, the peak values of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and VGRF also showed a significant increase in the forward lunge compared to the backward lunge (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed an increase in VGRF peak value, knee and ankle ROM, and VMO muscle activity during forward lunge. Based on these results, it is considered necessary to apply differently depending on the direction of progress in consideration of the musculoskeletal situation and physical ability during the lunge movement.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.297-318
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a high school home economics financial consumer education program based on backward design and validation by experts. The program was designed and developed by first selecting learning content elements through a review of existing research and an analysis of relevant literature. The next step was to categorize these elements into seven themes and apply the backward design instructional design model 2.0. The program was prepared in the form of a 21st teaching-learning course plan and workbook and was verified by nine home economics teachers with working experience in high school. The evaluation revealed that the average value for all questions was 3.81 (out of 4 points) and the CVR was .99, indicating that the program was valid. In addition, positive evaluations were received in terms of learning goals, content level, and learner participation by class. This study has significance in that a systematic financial consumer education program was developed by Education of Home Economics to improve the financial literacy of high school students. It can therefore be used as an elective course (mini-course) in Home Economics in the high school credit system. A follow-up study will be required to assess the improvement in financial literacy after implementing this program.

• 한국전자거래학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자거래학회 2003년도 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.218-223
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• 2003

UDDI is the open standard for distributed Web-based registry standard which supports registrations and discoveries of Web services. Recently, UDDI version 3.0 specifications were opened by OASIS UDDI Spec, technical committee. UDDI version 3.0 supports many useful functions, which are not supported in version 2.0 specification, such as nested query, enhanced find qualifiers, digital signatures subscription, etc. Despite of its merits, complexity of the standard and backward-compatibility support makes it difficult to adopt this standard in real application domains. In this paper, we develop the Registry server which support UDDI version 3.0 standard. This server is based on common RDBMS and it supports all functions of UDDI version 3.0 including backward-compatibility with version 2.0 API, XML digital signature and URI- based key schemes.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2021

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of Kinesio taping with backward walking training (KTBW) on muscle strength of lower extremity and gait ability in post-stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Method: Participants included 27 post stroke patients and were randomly distributed into two groups: KTBW group received Kinesio taping with backward training (n=13), control group receive general physical therapy (n=14). Intervention was given five times a week, a total of four weeks. The subjects evaluated the muscle strength test and walking ability before and 4 weeks after the experiment. Muslce strength of lower extremity was measured by digital manual muscle test. Gait ability was measured by G-walk. Result: After training, the KTBW group showed significant improvement in muscle strength of the lower extremity compared to the control group (p<0.05). KTBW group showed significant improvement in gait ability compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These finding show the benefits of the Kinesio taping with backward walking training on the muscle strength of lower extremity and gait ability in post stroke patients.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.416-420
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• 2018

A comprehensive kinetic study has been conducted on dimethyl carbonate synthesis by transesterification reaction of ethylene carbonate with methanol. An alkali base metal (KOH) was used as catalyst in the synthesis of DMC, and its catalytic ability was investigated in terms of kinetics. The experiment was performed in a batch reactor at atmospheric pressure. The reaction orders, the activation energy and the rate constants were determined for both forward and backward reactions. The reaction order for forward and backward reactions was 0.87 and 2.15, and the activation energy was 12.73 and 29.28 kJ/mol, respectively. Using the general factor analysis in the design of experiments, we analyzed the main effects and interactions according to the MeOH/EC, reaction temperature and KOH concentration. DMC yield with various reaction conditions was presented for all ranges using surface and contour plot. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for DMC yield were determined using response surface method.