• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.159-172
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate visual evaluation according to various methods of motif presentation and the value contrast between the motif and background. The instruments developed for this purpose were two sets of stimuli and a response scale. the first set consisted of pattern stimuli. they were eight photographs of floral patterns constructed by using six different motif presentation methods and two different value contrasts. The second set had eight clothing stimuli, photographs of clothings with the above floral patterns. The 7-point sementic differential scale of 19 bipolar adjectives was used as the response scale. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA and T-test. The major findings from this study were as follows; 1. Four factors emerged to account for the dimensional structure of the floral pattern image. These factors were attractiveness, tenderness, attention, and maturity. among them attractiveness and tenderness were the major dimensions 2. The patterns and the clothings had no significant difference from each other in terms of attractiveness and tenderness, but in terms of maturity and attention. The pattern presented a cute and sober image, but the clothing presented mature and gorgeous image. 3. methods of motif presentation had significant effects on all the factors. The pattern by shading method gave the most attractive and soft image, the one by line the most soberest, the one by area the most gorgeous, the one by collage the most unattractive, hardest, and cutest, and the one by mosaics the maturest. 4. The value contrast between the motif and background had no significant effects on attractiveness and maturity, but on tenderness and attention. The patterns with a high valued background presented a soft image, but the one with a low valued background a hard image. The patterns with a low valued area presented gorgeous image.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-91
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• 2013

An analytical model of internal pressure response of a leaky and quasi-statically flexible building with a dominant opening is provided by including the effect of the envelope external pressure fluctuations on the roof, in addition to the fluctuating external pressure at the dominant opening. Wind tunnel experiments involving a flexible roof and different building porosities were carried out to validate the analytical predictions. While the effect of envelope flexibility is shown to lower the Helmholtz frequency of the building volume-opening combination, the lowering of the resonant peak in the internal and net roof pressure coefficient spectra is attributed to the increased damping in the system due to inherent background leakage and envelope flexibility. The extent of the damping effects of "skin" flexibility and background leakage in moderating the internal and net pressure response under high wind conditions is quantified using the linearized admittance functions developed. Analytical examples provided for different combinations of background leakage and envelope flexibility show that alleviation of internal and net pressure fluctuations due to these factors by as much as 40 and 15% respectively is possible compared to that for a nominally sealed rigid building of the same internal volume and opening size.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2014

As the online shopping mall market faces severe competition, marketers have focused on visual factors that generate positive consumer responses in order to induce more consumers. Although product photos are crucial in the communication of product information as well as in the development of positive images of online shopping mall, there was little intention the effect of diverse types of product photo. In this study, three types of backgrounds (i.e., no background, indoor background, street background) are compared in order to explore whether consumer sensibility factors are different according to photo backgrounds. Moreover, it investigates the effect of sensibility toward photo backgrounds on consumer attitude. A total of 222 consumers participated in the experiments. As a result, six sensibility factors were generated from online model photos, including structure, upscale, uniqueness, interest, simpleness, and easiness factors. Among these factors, simpleness and structure showed the highest means; simpleness was the factor indicating the differences according to photo backgrounds. Sensibility factors affecting attitude toward online shopping malls were uniqueness in the case of no background, interest in the case of indoor background, and upscale in the case of street background photo.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1295-1300
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• 2006

Purpose. The purposes of this methodologic paper are to (1) describe theoretical background in conducting research across different cultures; (2) address measurement issues related to instrument administration; and (3) provide strategies to deal with measurement issues. Methods. A thorough review of the literature was conducted. A theoretical background is provided, and examples of administering instrument in studies are described. Results. When applying an instrument to different cultures, both equivalence and bias need to be established. Three levels of equivalence, i.e., construct equivalence, measurement unit equivalence, and full score comparability, need to be explained to maintain the same concept being measured. In this paper, sources of bias in construct, method, and item are discussed. Issues related to instrument administration in a cross-cultural study are described. Conclusion. Researchers need to acknowledge various group differences in concept and/or language that include a specific set of symbols and norms. There is a need to question the philosophical and conceptual appropriateness of an assessment measure that has been conceptualized and operationalized in a different culture. Additionally, testing different response formats such as narrowing response range can be considered to reduce bias.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.237-261
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• 2016

본 연구는 Brooks와 Browne의 '문화에 바탕을 둔 독자반응이론(Culturally Situated Reader Response Theory)'에 근거하여 한국의 다문화가정 자녀들이 자신의 삶과 비슷한 이야기를 다룬 문학작품을 읽어나가며 자신의 삶을 인식하고 자아정체성을 확립해나가는 과정을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 연구자는 10세에서 16세 사이의 다문화가정 자녀 여섯 명과 세 차례에 걸쳐 네 편의 다문화 문학 텍스트를 읽었다. 연구에 사용된 텍스트는 이야기그림책 "함께 걷는 길"과 어린이소설집 "까만 달걀"에 실린 단편소설 세 편이다. 어린이들은 한국인으로서의 정체성, 외국인으로서의 정체성, 한국인과 외국인 사이의 정체성, 다문화(이중문화)로서의 정체성 등 자신만의 고유한 민족정체성을 바탕으로 작품 속 등장인물의 감정에 공감하거나 작품을 통해 드러난 한국사회의 인종차별에 분노하였다. 연구에 사용된 텍스트는 어린이들이 자신을 비추어볼 수 있는 거울의 역할을 하여 어린이들이 안전한 환경에서 자신의 정체성에 대하여 고민하고 재구성하며, 숨겨왔던 자신의 이야기를 꺼내놓을 수 있는 기회를 제공해주었다. 어린이들은 텍스트에 등장하는 주인공들의 무력함과 밝지 않은 결말에 불만을 표했으며, 보다 긍정적인 성향의 다문화 배경 주인공이 등장하는 이야기와 다문화가정 어린이와 선주민 한국인 어린이가 평화롭게 어울리는 이야기를 책에서 읽을 수 있기를 기대하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.52.3-52.3
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• 2021

Timing analysis에서 pulsar 또는 magnetar의 pulsation 측정은 background 또는 주변의 다른 source의 영향으로 매우 세밀하게 측정을 진행해야 할 수 있다. 하지만 gamma-ray 영역에서는 instrument의 낮은 imaging resolution으로 인해 likeihood 분석법을 사용하며, pulsation측정의 sensitivity를 향상시키기 위해 weighted H-test를 적용하고 있다. weighted H-test는 Instrument의 responses와 source, background의 radiational properties를 이용하여 각 photon의 probability를 계산하고 이를 weight하여 pulsation detection의 sensitivity를 향상시키는 방법으로 이번 연구를 통해 이를 X-ray에서 적용할 수 있도록 확장하였다. 이번 발표에서는 X-ray 데이터 중 상대적으로 낮은 imaging resolution을 갖는 XMM-Newton data에 weighted H-test를 적용하여 기존의 H-test와의 차이를 비교해보고, weighted H-test가 갖는 이점에 대하여 논의하고자 한다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.383-398
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• 2007

The paper describes a study of the effects of structural coupling on the wind-induced response of twin tall buildings connected by a skybridge. Development of a dual high-frequency force balance used in wind tunnel investigation and background information on the methodology employed in analysis are presented. Comparisons of the wind-induced building response (rooftop acceleration) of structurally coupled and uncoupled twin buildings are provided and the influence of structural coupling is assessed. It is found that the adverse aerodynamic interference effects caused by close proximity of the buildings can be significantly reduced by the coupling. Neglecting of such interactions may lead to excessively conservative estimates of the wind-induced response of the buildings. The presented findings suggest that structural coupling should be included in wind-resistant design of twin tall buildings.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.231-247
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• 1992

A Study on Maternal Verbal Control Patterns and Children's Recognition against those. The primary objective of the material presented in this dissertation is the analysis of the maternal verbal control patterns. The major focus is given to the differences between maternal verbal control patterns and children's recognition against those. The purspoe of this study were; 1) to investigate the maternal verbal control patterns recognized by children according to their family and personal surroundings; 2) to investigate the verbal control patterns in mother's response according to the differences of family and personal surroundings; 3) to find the differences between children's recognition and maternal verbal control patterns; 4) How the maternal verbal control patterns recognized by children are? The materials of this study were 81(37; boys, 44; girl)) from kindergarten in Seou. The sample of age used in this study was 5 to 7 years old. The test about maternal verbal environment used the question sheet for reaction between mother and children by Gumperz. The kids got interviews with same questions as mothers with question sheet. The statistical tools used is the analysis of the data were frequency, crosstab, and t-test. The result of the study were summarized as follows; 1) The maternal verbal control patterns recognized by children had differences according to whether living with grand-parent or not. Living with grand-parent are more person-oriented than without grand-parent group. 2) The maternal verbal control patterns of mother response show the differences within mother's academic background, present situation of child, and parent's expection to child. The imperative verbal control pattern was more frequently used of low academic background who just fraduate the middle or high school. The personal verbal control pattern was more frequently used of high educational background's like university graduate or more educated group. 3) The differences between maternal verbal control patterns with children's recognition and with mother response is that mother responseis more person-oriented than children's. 4) The imperative verbal control pattern used command, verbal purnishment, and physical purnishment. the status-oriented verbal control pattern used univesal positional appeals and limited positional appeals. The person-oriented verbal control pattern used child-oriented cognitive affective appeals.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2000

Background : Dopamine receptors are strong candidates for involvement in schizophrenia and are target of a wide variety of antipsychotics. Dopamine $D_5$ receptor(DRD5) gene polymorphisms may be associated with various treatment response. The purpose of our study was define to what significance can be held as a predictor of treatment response in this polymorphism. Method : The total number of 116 Korean chronic schizophrenic patients was assessed after 48 weeks treatment. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) was rated for the clinical response to various antipsychotics. With the use of polymerase chain reaction amplification, we assessed this dopamine $D_5$ receptor polymorphism in schizophrenic patients who had been treated with antipsychotics, and related genotype with treatment response, to test the hypothesis that DRD5 polymorphism may lead to varying response to antipsychotics. Result : DRD5 polymorphism was not associated with treatment response to a variety of antipsychotics in chronic schizophrenic patients. Conclusion : Genetic variation of $D_5$ receptors do not predict treatment response to antispychotics.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response has been used to screen tinnitus in an animal model. Here, we examined changes in the auditory late response under various conditions of gap prepulse inhibition. Subjects and Methods: We recruited 19 healthy adults (5 males, 14 females) and their auditory late responses were recorded after various stimuli with or without gap prepulsing. The N1 and P2 responses were selected for analysis. The gap prepulse inhibition was estimated to determine the optimal auditory late response in the gap prepulse paradigm. Results: We found that the gap per se generated a response that was very similar to the response elicited by sound stimuli. This critically affected the gap associated with the maximal inhibition of the stimulus response. Among the various gap-stimulus intervals (GSIs) between the gap and principal stimulus, the GSI of 150 ms maximally inhibited the response. However, after zero padding was used to minimize artifacts after a P2 response to a gap stimulus, the differences among the GSIs disappeared. Conclusions: Overall, the data suggest that both the prepulse inhibition and the gap per se should be considered when using the gap prepulse paradigm to assess tinnitus in humans.