• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.245-256
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: The vitalization of urban agriculture has increased various forms of experience-based education using school gardens, which raised the importance of school gardens in terms of value as well as the need to develop an implementation system for education-based agricultural experience service using school gardens. Thus, we reset the evaluation indicators from the previous study to establish objective evaluation indicators that enable quantitative comparison of school garden education services. Methods: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and direct question (DQ) surveys were conducted on 20 experts from October 12 to 19, 2020 after establishing the purpose and subjects of evaluation, and then the weights were calculated using the Expert Choice 2010 program. Results: First, we analyzed the problems of the previous indicators by categorizing the performance indicators and comparing and verifying them with six requirements of valuation. Then, we added 'welfare values' and established sub-indicators accordingly. The importance of value indicator in AHP was in the order of education values (0.544), health values (0.182), welfare values (0.164), environmental values (0.062), and economic values (0.049). The importance of environmental and economic values was relatively low, less than 0.1. The importance of sub-indicators was highest in cultivating character (0.144), followed by enhancing ecological sensitivity (0.141) > promoting mental health (0.134) > cultivating agricultural literacy (0.120) > improving social skills (0.104). And mitigating climate change in environmental values was lowest (0.009). Increase in income was the lowest (0.036). This can be regarded as the expression of change to increase the educational effect based on collective life and the connotative meaning of 'school'. In the case of DQ, the AHP weight and order were the same, but the environmental and economic values were relatively low, and the result was different from AHP weight. For sub-indicators, the importance in DQ was highest in promoting mental health (0.136), followed by promoting physical health (0.085), ]cultivating character (0.082), social integration (0.072), and enhancing ecological sensitivity (0.071). After reviewing related experts, we came up with 5 evaluation indicators and 16 sub-indicators for school garden education service, which are objective evaluation indicators that enable quantitative comparison. Conclusion: In the future, we will validate the socioeconomic values of school garden education services and contribute to revitalizing school gardens by establishing policy alternatives for effective operation and management of school gardens.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2019

Background and Objectives: We aim to explore the effects of residual auditory steady state response (ASSR) on cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in children lacking auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of child CI recipients lacking ABRs. All ears were divided into two groups: with residual ASSR and without ASSR. For each frequency, the T- and C-levels and the electrical dynamic ranges of postoperative 3-month and 1-year mappings were compared between the groups. To evaluate speech perception, patients who received simultaneous bilateral CIs were divided into two groups: group 1 exhibited responses at all frequencies in both ears; in group 2, at least one ear evidenced no response. The Categories of Auditory Perception (CAP) and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores were compared between the groups. Results: We enrolled 16 patients. At 2 kHz, the postoperative 3-month and 1-year T-levels of patients with residual hearing were lower than those of hearing loss group (p=0.001, p=0.035). In residual hearing group, the ASSR threshold correlated positively with the postoperative 1-year T-level (p=0.012, R²=0.276) and C-level (p=0.002, R²=0.374). Of 10 simultaneous bilateral CI recipients, 5 exhibited ASSRs at all frequencies and the other 5 showed no response at ≥1 frequency. The latter had higher CAP scores at the postoperative 1-year (p=0.018). Conclusions: In children exhibiting hearing loss in ABR testing, residual hearing at 2 kHz ASSR correlated positively with the post-CI T-level. Those with ASSRs at all frequencies had significantly lower CAP scores at the postoperative 1year. CI should not be delayed when marginal residual hearing is evident in ASSR.

• 한일민족문제연구
• /
• 제34호
• /
• pp.77-123
• /
• 2018

The liberated korea has the estimated population 16 million in 1945, and added 2.5 million just after an year. The korean repatriates returned by way of 2 main routes. The returnees, Wol-Nam-Min(former residents in north korea), and repatriates from Manchuria came into south korea over the 38th division line. The other repatriates from japanese islands and pacific areas came into Busan port and the vicinity. The repatriates who returned from the China and the Japanese islands made up about 80% of the total added population. However, the influx of overseas repatriates who explosively increased between 1945 and 1946, declined abruptly in April of 1946, and at last illegal re-emigration group to Manchuria and Japan Appeared, who had repatriated from those areas. This study deals with the "re-migration phenomenon of 1946" in korea, mainly focuses on 1) the motivation for those who decided to remigrate, their prospects of resettlement in Manchuria and post war japan after re-migration, 2) the structural problems of the Korean society in 1946-1947, and 3) the social recognition for the people who letf for Manchuria and Japan. This study proved the cause and background of re-migration phenomenon. The Manchuria case, the local authorities wanted farmers and peasants who could cultivate the abandoned land which had been originally pioneered and reclaimed by korean poor peasants, who repatriated to korean peninsula. On the other hand, the korean repatriates had a hard time in tenanting farmland, and so much difficulty in getting farming tools including fertilizer. That's why they left korea for Manchuria again. The Japanese case, the korean repatriates had a tough life owing to the restriction of properties left in japan, while the inflation and food shortage in korea got worse and worst. Accordingly, many koreans tried illegal entrance into post war japan. This study is a part of clarifying the universality and specificity of post war repatriation and migration issues developed in the south Korea. Through this study, we can find how difficult it is for newly liberated areas to accommodate repatriates and make them ordinary nationals in harmonic way with successful social integration. and we can observe the social aspect and administrative ability of newly liberated south korea in detail, Because the present korea has faced with so many problems connected with immigration workers and re-setting with korean communities abroad, we should introspect these historical experience of our own.

• 대한청각학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.153-159
• /
• 2019

Background and Objectives: We aim to explore the effects of residual auditory steady state response (ASSR) on cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in children lacking auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of child CI recipients lacking ABRs. All ears were divided into two groups: with residual ASSR and without ASSR. For each frequency, the T- and C-levels and the electrical dynamic ranges of postoperative 3-month and 1-year mappings were compared between the groups. To evaluate speech perception, patients who received simultaneous bilateral CIs were divided into two groups: group 1 exhibited responses at all frequencies in both ears; in group 2, at least one ear evidenced no response. The Categories of Auditory Perception (CAP) and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores were compared between the groups. Results: We enrolled 16 patients. At 2 kHz, the postoperative 3-month and 1-year T-levels of patients with residual hearing were lower than those of hearing loss group (p=0.001, p=0.035). In residual hearing group, the ASSR threshold correlated positively with the postoperative 1-year T-level (p=0.012, R²=0.276) and C-level (p=0.002, R²=0.374). Of 10 simultaneous bilateral CI recipients, 5 exhibited ASSRs at all frequencies and the other 5 showed no response at ≥1 frequency. The latter had higher CAP scores at the postoperative 1-year (p=0.018). Conclusions: In children exhibiting hearing loss in ABR testing, residual hearing at 2 kHz ASSR correlated positively with the post-CI T-level. Those with ASSRs at all frequencies had significantly lower CAP scores at the postoperative 1year. CI should not be delayed when marginal residual hearing is evident in ASSR.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.237-245
• /
• 2022

Background: The current study reports measurements of activity concentrations of radon (²²⁰Rn) and thoron (²²⁰Rn) in dwellings, followed by inhalation dose assessment of the public, and then by the development of regulation and the national radon action plan (NRAP) in Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Radon, thoron, and thoron progeny measurements were carried out from 2014 to 2017 using radon-thoron discriminative detectors (commercially RADUET) in 450 dwellings and thoron progeny monitors in 350 dwellings. From 2019 to 2020, radon track detectors (commercially RADTRAK) were deployed in 1,400 dwellings. It was found that activity concentrations of radon range in 1,850 houses from 10 to 2,620 Bq/㎥ with a geometric mean of 76 Bq/㎥. Results and Discussion: Activity concentrations of thoron range from 20 to 700 Bq/㎥ with a geometric mean of 107 Bq/㎥. Thoron equilibrium factor ranges from 0.01 to 0.6, with an arithmetic mean of 0.09 that is higher than the default value of 0.02 given by UNSCEAR. On average, 49%, 9%, and 2% of all surveyed houses have radon concentrations above 100, 200, and 300 Bq/㎥, respectively. The average contribution of thoron to the inhalation dose due to radon and thoron exposure is about 40%. Thus, thoron cannot be neglected in dose assessment to avoid biased results in radio-epidemiological studies. Only radon was considered in the drafted regulation and in the NRAP adopted in October 2020. Reference levels of 300 Bq/㎥ and 1,000 Bq/㎥ were recommended for dwellings and workplaces. Conclusion: Priority actions for the coming years include the following: radon risk mapping, promotion of a protection policy against radon in buildings, integration of the radon prevention and mitigation into the training of construction specialists, mitigation of dwellings and workplaces with high radon levels, increased public awareness of the health risks associated with radon, and development of programs on the scientific and technical aspects.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.6-22
• /
• 2023

국립중앙박물관 소장 신축명 조총은 국내 유일의 묵서명('辛丑改備江華庫藏') 조총이다. 이 명문으로 인해 조총이 격납된 장소를 알 수 있으며, 격납된 시점도 추정할 수 있다. 또한 이 조총은 상태가 매우 양호하고 조형미도 있는 귀중한 유물이다. 그러나 신축명 조총의 운용 시기와 형태·구조적 특징에 대한 연구는 미진하였다. 이번 연구는 신축명 조총의 운용 시기와 제작 주체, 형태·구조적 특징을 밝히고자 했다. 이를 위해 신축명 조총의 제원과 구조적 특징을 살피고, 현존하는 조총 17점과 속성을 비교 검토했다. 그 결과 신축명 조총이 전형적인 조선시대 조총임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이어서 조총에 남은 명문을 바탕으로 신축년 조총의 강화 격납 시기와 배경, 그리고 제작 주체를 추적했다. 그 결과 1781년 신축년(정조 5) 12월에 조총을 포함한 대량의 군수물자가 강화도에 입고된 기록을 『정조실록』에서 찾을 수 있었다. 강화도 입고의 배경은 군사적으로 강화도를 중시하던 조선 왕실의 인식과 통어영의 이전 및 진무영과의 통합에 따른 것으로 보았다. 강화도 입고 이후 조총은 진무영에서 운용했을 것으로 보았다. 조총의 제작은 군기시에서 이뤄졌을 것으로 보았다. 종합하면 신축명 조총은 전형적인 조선시대 조총이며, 강화도 격납 시기는 1781년 12월일 가능성이 높다. 제작은 군기시와 관련이 있어 보인다. 입고된 후에는 진무영에서 운용했을 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.395-404
• /
• 2024

Background: Ginsenoside Rg₁ (Rg₁) is one of the main active components in Chinese medicines, Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng. Research has shown that Rg₁ has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, including anti-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, anti-apoptosis, and promotion of myocardial angiogenesis, suggesting it a potential cardiovascular agent. However, the protective mechanism involved is still not fully understood. Methods: Based on network pharmacology, ligand-based protein docking, proteomics, Western blot, protein recombination and spectroscopic analysis (UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra) techniques, potential targets and pathways for Rg₁ against myocardial ischemia (MI) were screened and explored. Results: An important target set containing 19 proteins was constructed. Two target proteins with more favorable binding activity for Rg₁ against MI were further identified by molecular docking, including mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and adenosine kinase (ADK). Meanwhile, Rg₁ intervention on H9c2 cells injured by H₂O₂ showed an inhibitory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. The inhibition of Rg₁ on MAPK1 and OXPHOS pathway was confirmed by Western blot assay. By protein recombination and spectroscopic analysis, the binding reaction between ADK and Rg₁ was also evaluated. Conclusion: Rg₁ can effectively alleviate cardiomyocytes oxidative stress injury via targeting MAPK1 and ADK, and inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. The present study provides scientific basis for the clinical application of the natural active ingredient, Rg₁, and also gives rise to a methodological reference to the searching of action targets and pathways of other natural active ingredients.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.342-355
• /
• 2023

Background and Objectives: Osteoblasts are derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and play important role in bone remodeling. While our previous studies have investigated the cell subtypes and heterogeneity in osteoblasts and BMMSCs separately, cell-to-cell communications between osteoblasts and BMMSCs in vivo in humans have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular communication between human primary osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methods and Results: To investigate the cell-to-cell communications between osteoblasts and BMMSCs and identify new cell subtypes, we performed a systematic integration analysis with our single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) transcriptomes data from BMMSCs and osteoblasts. We successfully identified a novel preosteoblasts subtype which highly expressed ATF3, CCL2, CXCL2 and IRF1. Biological functional annotations of the transcriptomes suggested that the novel preosteoblasts subtype may inhibit osteoblasts differentiation, maintain cells to a less differentiated status and recruit osteoclasts. Ligand-receptor interaction analysis showed strong interaction between mature osteoblasts and BMMSCs. Meanwhile, we found FZD1 was highly expressed in BMMSCs of osteogenic differentiation direction. WIF1 and SFRP4, which were highly expressed in mature osteoblasts were reported to inhibit osteogenic differentiation. We speculated that WIF1 and sFRP4 expressed in mature osteoblasts inhibited the binding of FZD1 to Wnt ligand in BMMSCs, thereby further inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Conclusions: Our study provided a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of osteogenic cells. At the single cell level, this study provided insights into the cell-to-cell communications between BMMSCs and osteoblasts and mature osteoblasts may mediate negative feedback regulation of osteogenesis process.

• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 경기지역 마을숲의 위치, 형태, 환경, 식물상 등을 조사하고 변화과정을 바탕으로 경기도 마을숲의 보존 및 관리를 위한 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 현존하는 경기도 마을숲은 23개소이다. 경기도의 마을숲은 풍수적 배경을 가진 경우가 10개소로 가장 많았다. 특히 용인 및 이천의 남동지역에 다수의 마을숲이 남아있었다. 마을숲의 소유주체는 마을 9개소, 개인 8개소였다. 개인이 관리하고 있는 마을숲은 2개소였고 나머지는 마을에서 공동관리하고 있었다. 마을숲의 형태는 전체의 52.1%가 띠형이었으며, 풍수 및 재해방지를 위해 조성된 것임을 알 수 있었다. 마을숲의 면적은 평균 $3,046m^2$로 비교적 작았다. 마을숲을 구성하고 있는 수종은 느티나무와 소나무가 가장 많았으며, 단순교목림과 교목-아교목림의 수직구조를 보이는 마을숲이 56.5%로 과반수를 차지했다. 수목 피해가 30%이상인 마을숲은 총 7개소였다. 피해 원인은 숲에 인접한 도로 건설, 토양 답압, 복토로 인한 고사 등이었으며 피해목의 활력도는 정상수목에 비해 활력이 현저히 저하되었다. 마을숲은 동제 존속 여부, 제도적 보호, 상수원보호구역 지정, 도로 건설, 토지이용 변화, 풍수해 및 산림 개발의 영향을 받아 변화한 것으로 나타났다. 마을숲의 보존 및 관리를 위하여 숲의 과다한 이용을 제한하고 수목을 보호하며 토양 환경을 개선하여 숲의 생육 환경을 유지해야 한다. 그리고 숲 주변지역의 개발을 제한하고 마을공동체 활동을 중심으로 숲의 원형을 유지 또는 복원할 필요가 있다. 또한 마을숲을 보호하고 지원하는 제도를 체계화하여 마을숲의 소실을 최소화해야 한다.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2010

정보기술의 발달은 CRM분야의 혁신을 가져왔고 많은 기업들은 CRM기술혁신 분야에 투자하여 개별고객가치에 의한 차별화된 고객관리가 가능하게 됨으로써 장기고객의 지속적 확보와 비용절감효과를 얻고자 하였다. 기업들은 경쟁력 확보를 위한 전략적 도구로서 정보기술을 이용한 차별화된 서비스를 제공하지 않으면 고객과의 관계 형성이 어려워 경쟁우위를 달성할 수 없게 되었다. 이러한 측면에서 고객에 대한 맞춤형 재화와 서비스의 제공이 필수적인 것이 되었으며, 기업 내 모든 자원이 전사적으로 통합관리되는 전사적 자원관리(ERP)시스템과 과학적이고 체계적으로 고객정보를 활용할 수 있도록 설계된 고객관계관리(CRM)시스템은 기업의 경쟁력 강화를 위해 반드시 갖추어야 할 시스템이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국 금융기관에서 실행되고 있는 CRM의 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 CRM의 이론적 배경을 살펴보고 현재 금융기관의 CRM 구축상황을 분석하여 개선방안을 제시하였다.