• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.240-246
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose the fast image retrieval method based on object regions using bidirectional round filter in the wavelet transform region. A conventional method that extracts feature vectors on the whole of subband is reduced retrieval efficiency, because of unnecessary background information. The proposed method that extracts feature vectors on the only object region of subband by using bidirectional round filter improve retrieval efficiency, because of removing of background information. And it certainly maintains retrieval efficiency in case of reduction of feature vectors according to color information. Consequently, the retrieval efficiency is improved with 2.5%∼5.3% values, which have a little changes according to characteristics of image.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.105-114
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• 2011

The snake algorithm is widely adopted to track objects by extracting the active contour of the object from background. However, it fails to track the target converging to the background if there exists background whose gradient is greater than that of the pixels on the contour. Also, the contour may shrink when the target moves fast and the snake algorithm misses the boundary of the object in its searching window. To alleviate these problems, we propose an improved algorithm that can track object contour more robustly. Firstly, we propose two external energy functions, the edge energy and the contrast energy. One is designed to give more weight to the gradient on the boundary and the other to reflect the contrast difference between the object and background. Secondly, by computing the motion vector of the contour from the difference of the two consecutive frames, we can move the snake pointers of the previous frame near the region where the object boundary is probable at the current frame. Computer experiments show that the proposed method is more robust to the complicated background than the previously known methods and can track the object with fast movement.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2010

Irradiation is a phenomenon that causes white objects on a black background to appear to spread into near dark backgrounds, but the reverse is not. In this study, the effects of font size and thickness of letters on the legibility were investigated in combinations of black letters/white background as well as white letters/black background. Ten subjects who had been no disease of eyes and their eyesight is over 1.0 were recruited and tested subjective assessments of letter sizes for various font sizes (2pt to 80pt) and thickness of letters (normal, bold) under 600lux illumination and 50cm-distance of eyes and target letters for this study. Ming-style font type which was generally used in text of books, papers, and journals were tested in this study. Results showed that generally people subjectively assessed the white letters on black background (W/B) were larger sizes of letters than the black letters on white background (B/W) even both letter sizes were the same in both normal and bold thickness of letters. This phenomenon was happened in case of only over 22 font size (with border line about 22~24pts). Less than 22 font sizes, many people reported that both letters (W/B and B/W) are looks the same sizes in normal as well as bold letters. These findings were interpreted also by the irradiation phenomenon and more detail information was presented in this manuscript.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2017

Among available people counting methods, map-based approaches based on moving interest points have shown good performance. However, the stationary people counting is challenging in such methods since all static points of interest are considered as background. To include stationary people in counting, it is needed to discriminate between the static points of stationary people and the background region. In this paper, we propose a people counting method based on using both moving and static points. The proposed method separates the moving and static points by motion information. Then, the static points of the stationary people are classified using foreground mask processing and point pattern analysis. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method provides more accurate count estimation by including stationary people. Also, the background updating is enabled to solve the static point misclassification problem due to background changes.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.379-389
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• 2007

This paper presents an attempt to determine natural background levels of heavy metals which could be used for assessing heavy metal contamination. For this study, a large archive dataset of heavy metal concentration (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn) for more than 900 surface sediment samples from various Korean coastal environments was newly compiled. These data were normalized for aluminum (grain-size normalizer) concentration to isolate natural factors from anthropogenic ones. The normalization was based on the hypothesis that heavy metal concentrations vary consistently with the concentration of aluminum, unless these metals are of anthropogenic origin. So, the samples (outliers) suspected of receivingany anthropogenic input were removed from regression to ascertain the "background" relationship between the metals and aluminum. Identification of these outliers was tested using a model of predicted limits at 95%. The process of testing for normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test) and selection of outliers was iterated until a normal distribution was achieved. On the basis of the linear regression analysis of the large archive (please check) dataset, background levels, which are applicable to heavy metal assessment of Korean coastal sediments, were successfully developed for Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn. As an example, we tested the applicability of this baseline level for metal pollution assessment of Masan Bay sediments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1302-1309
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose applying differential techniques for 2D/3D video conversion to the objects grouped by depth information. One of the problems converting 2D images to 3D images using the technique tracking the motion of pixels is that objects not moving between adjacent frames do not give any depth information. This problem can be solved by applying relative height cue only to the objects which have no moving information between frames, after the process of splitting the background and objects and extracting depth information using motion vectors between objects. Using this technique all the background and object can have their own depth information. This proposed method is used to generate depth map to generate 3D images using DIBR(Depth Image Based Rendering) and verified that the objects which have no movement between frames also had depth information.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2022

Background music is presented simultaneously with target messages. The main content should be kept intact for some time to aid decision making process. The maintenance of this information requires auditory working memory. The temporal compression of background music may often adopted due to the limitation of the presentation time. In this study, auditory working memory and decision making proces were analyzed in terms of temporal compression ratios of the background music. A total of 37 subjects of early twenties joined the study. Selected products were categorized based on eigen values of multi-dimensional scaling. Four presentation conditions were cases with no background music, background music with no compression, background music with low compression, and background music high compression. Matched reponses were analyzed through repeated ANOVA. Results showed that the high involvement product required more working memory resources. However, the increased level of usage did not always lead to the corresponding changes in decision making process. This approach may be useful in analyzing the role of time compression and working memory in consumer behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.154-180
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• 1992

This article examined an overview of historical background and human factors issues/topics in the area of human-computer interface and identified various aspects of hypermedia systems such as concepts, characteristics, representative softwares. The integration of other information systems with hypermedia system for the improvement of user interface was investigated.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Recently, content-based music information retrieval (MIR) systems for mobile devices have attracted great interest. However, music retrieval systems are greatly affected by background noise when music is recorded in noisy environments. Therefore, we evaluated various pre-processing methods using the Philips method to determine the one that performs most robust music retrieval in such environments. We found that dynamic noise reduction (DNR) is the best pre-processing method for a music retrieval system in noisy environments.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-51
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• 2003

Pitch estimation is important in various speech research areas, but when the speech is noisy, accurate pitch estimation with conventional pitch detectors is almost impossible. To solve this problem, we propose a new pitch detection algorithm for noisy speech using a noise whitening technique on the background noise and obtain successful results.