• 동굴
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• 제75호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

The extension of development and originality of the ability which is various leads and studying voluntary character and the ability back the education which it considers actively it raises and the infield it does. With activation plan of cave resources home page of Speleological Society of Korean like home page of Speleological Society of Japan cave crane information, caving information, cave Q/A, cave publication, the relation site back the possibility of seeing information regarding the cave which is various in order to be, it reorganizes. The possibility of coming in contact in order to be, various branch information also the general rain specialist regarding the cave resources. Currently the Possibility of seeing the various branch data for the application of the cave resources at any time it is, home page of Speleological Society of Korean the possibility of doing to lead in order to be, it proposes the plan. From one person it will be able to study the data regarding the cave of various field in order, all curricular materials regarding the cave resources the educational program which leads a home page about under developing it proposes the activation plan of the cave resources.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of fire fighters' duty type on occurrence and severity of low back pain. Data were collected with questionnaire to 450 fire fighters working at 119 safety center and rescue unit of 30 fire stations in Gyeonggi-do. Finally the study was analyzed for 360 persons among them. The risk of experiencing of lower back pain occurred in the order of Rescue[odds ratio(OR) 3.36, 95% confidence interval(95% CI) 1.18-9.52], Vehicle operation(OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.26-5.50), First aid(OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.03-4.59), and Putting out a fire. The risk on severity of lower back pain occurred in the order of Vehicle operation(OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.57-9.80), First aid(OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.00-4.81), Putting out a fire, and Rescue. These result suggest that duty type of fire fighters may be a prognostic factor for occurrence and severity of low back pain. The potential implications of these findings are discussed about different approach for primary and secondary prevention by duty type of fire fighters.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to classify the types of men's back and chest through the criteria which represent the characteristic of men's back and chest. We have the following conclusions based on our sample size of 291 men's back and chest. The result of factor analysis concerned with men's back indicates that six factors are extracted and they are consist of 80.6% of total variance. We divide the shape of back into three categories: bent, protrusion of the scapula, and breadth. Each category is divided into subcategories. According to the frequency based on our data entries of 291 men's back, we introduce five new types of men's back. 83.8% of examined men's back belong to one of these five types: (i) 15.5% of protrudent and lordotic type; (ii) 6.5% of flat and lordotic type; (iii) 22.7% of protrudent and normal type; (iv) 34.4% of flat and normal type; (v) 4.8% of flat and bent type. The result of factor analysis related to with men's chest shows that six factors are extracted and they are consist of 76.0% of total variance. We divide the shape of chest into three categories: thickness, breadth, and protrusion of the breast. Each category is divided into subcategories. According to the frequency based on our data entries of 291 men's chest, we introduce four new types of men's chest. 65.0% of examined men's chest belong to one of these four types: (i) 7.2% of full and well-developed type; (ii) 24.1% of full and developed type; (iii) 25.8% of flat and developed type; (iv) 7.9% of flat and under-developed type. In order to consider the shape of the upper body as a whole, the back and the chest types should be corresponded.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the onset times of muscle activities and the order of muscle firing in hamstring gluteus maximus, and lumbar erector spinae muscle during active hip extension between subjects with low back pain (LBP) and healthy subjects. Thirty subjects, 15 with LBP and 15 healthy subjects, participated in this study. Electromyographic activity was recorded during active hip extension in prone and standing position. Relative onset times of these muscle activities were determined. Similar muscle firing order in hamstring, gluteus maximus, and lumbar erector spinae muscle showed in both groups and positions. However, the onset time of gluteus maximus was significantly later in prone and standing active hip extension in subjects with LBP than in healthy subjects. The onset time of lumber erector spinae muscle activity was significantly delayed in subjects with LBP in standing active hip extension, The delayed onset times of gluteus maximus and lumbar erector spinae muscles' activities were probably related to LBP. Further studies are needed to identify whether the delayed onset times of gluteus maximus and lumbar erector spinae muscle activities are the contributing factors to LBP.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2001

Objective : This study is designed to evaluate the correlation between the data of DITI (Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging) and the clinical symptoms in the patients with low back pain. Methods : Among the outpatients with back pain who visited to Department of Acupunture & Moxibustion, Tae gu Oriental Hopital of Kyung San University from January 2000 to August, we selected 115 cases that examined DITI. We evaluated the correlation between the data of DITI examination and the clinical symptoms (Distribution of Sex and Age, Duration of Disease, Main Sign, Grade of Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis according to Symptoms(辨證),) in the patients with low back pain. Results & Conclusion : 1. The thermal changes in terms of the duration of disease : The acutest period has the highest thermal change. Also, the longer the duration of disease was, the higher the termal change was. It increased in the order of the acutest period, the less acute period, and the the chronical period. 2. Thermal changes due to the main symptom : The degree of thermal change was as follows (from the highest to the lowest): first, back and knee pain, second, back and leg pain, third, back and buttock pain, fourth, numbness of leg, and fifth, back and dorsum pain. 3. Thermal changes in terms of the grade of clinical symptoms : The more servious the symptoms were, the higher the thermal change was. It was increased in the order of Gr 1, Gr 2, Gr 3, and Gr 4. 4. Thermal changes depdning on symptoms diagnosis : Chwaseom(挫閃) has the highest temperature, $0.87{\pm}0.49^{\circ}C$. 5. Thermal changes before and after treatment : Before treatment, the average thermal change was $0.83^{\circ}C$ but after treatment, it was decreased to $0.38^{\circ}C$. For the above symptoms, if DITI is used, the diagnosis is easier based on the medical history of the patient who has back pain, and the degree of pain. However, if thermal change is soly used for diagnosis, it will be hard to determine the nature of sickness. Therefore, it should be folllowed by other supplementary examination.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2000

A study was conducted in order to determine back pain experience status of elementary. junior and senior high school teachers and the factors affecting their knowledge of back pain and physical therapy from April 2 through June 30, 1999 in major big cities and small and medium towns. Questionnaires were sent to 924 teachers and the collected daa were analyzed. The results summarized are as follows ; 1. $46.3\%$ of the respondents had experienced back pain, and $47.0\%$ of females, $62.0\%$ of the people over 50years old, $57.4\%$ of junior high school teachers, $47.5%$ of teachers of art and physical education, $46.9\%$ of married persons, $47.8\%$ of the people living in medium or small towns, and $58.6\%$ of the persons whose economic status was low han experienced back pains, $58.9\%$ of respondents who were not healthy, and $49.3\%$ of those who did not drink alcohol, $47.9\%$ of nonsmokers, and $49.1\%$ of those who slept on ondol had experienced back pains. $76.7\%$ of the respondents got health information on back pains from health professionals. 2. An average level of the respondents en physical therapy was $14.95\pm8.32$ points out of 44 and it was 34 points when converted to 100. The knowledge levels of males,. elementary teachers, married persons, those teaching students far more than 20 hours a week, smokers, those who did not drink, those who exercised regularly, and those who had experienced back pains were higher than those in other groups. The knowledge level of those who had experienced back pain prevention education was $18.88\pm8.88$ points and the difference between those with experience and those without experience was statistically significant. The depression level of those who got 40 pome on back pains, and physical therapy was higher than other group(p<0.001). 3, Depression levels of teachers on back pains and physical therapy related knowledge was higher in those with back pains than those without back pains(p<0.01). 4. The factors affecting experience of back pains were back pain related age, economic status, health status, smoking, style of kitchen, sown of information on back pain, and back pain prevention education. (p<0.001), 5. The factors affecting the knowledge on physical therapy were general knowledge levels on back pains, position when tilling, and moving heavy stuffs, driving position, sources of information on back pain prevention, type of bed, age, and health status, and the explanation power of those factors was $45.2\%$.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2021

Objective: In clinical practice, there are a lot of exercise to reduce body weight or reduce the amount of body fat in order to solve back pain. However, many studies have contradicted the relationship between back pain and weight or body fat mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fat mass, body mass index and low back pain of office worker. Design: Crossed-sectional study Methods: Among the white-collar workers diagnosed with non-specific back pain by doctors, subjects who were not included in the exclusion criteria were selected to measure the subject's body fat mass, body mass index, pain intensity, and disability index due to back pain. The NPRS was used for the intensity of back pain of office workers, and the ODI was used for the degree of disability due to back pain. A body composition analyzer was used to measure the body fat mass and body mass index of white-collar workers. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the comparison between the normal group and the excessive group according to the criteria of fat mass and body mass index. In the correlation analysis of fat mass, body mass index, pain intensity, and disability index, it was found that there was a significant correlation between fat mass and body mass index. However, neither fat mass nor body mass index had a significant correlation with pain intensity and disability index. Conclusions: The fat mass and body mass index of office worker do not affect low back pain.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2022

본 연구는 머리뼈 후전축방향 촬영(Haas)에서 선예한 영상을 얻어 진단하고자 Skull -Phantom을 이용하여 자세 각도를 변경하여 영상을 획득한 후 대학병원 영상의학과에 근무한 방사선사 5명에게 주관적 영상평가한 결과 머리를 엎드린자세에서 머리 뒤쪽의 뒤통수점에서 4 cm 아래로 내리고 머리쪽을 향하여 25° 입사하여 촬영시에 뒤통수뼈와 큰구멍내에 투영된 안장등, 뒤침대돌기등 영상평가 점수가 20점으로 높았으며, 뒤통수점에서 아래로 8 cm 내려서 머리쪽으로 30° 입사 시 바위모뿔대칭의 음영, 바위능선과 시상봉합, 시웃자봉합 등 19점으로 높은 영상평가를 받았다. 또한, 점수 유의성을 검증하였으며, Cronbach Alpha 값이 0.789 신뢰도가 좋음을 평가 받았다. 영상의 관심영역(ROI)을 설정하여 신호대잡음비(SNR)를 산출한 결과 머리 뒤쪽 뒤통수점에서 4 cm 아래로 내리고 머리쪽으로 25° 입사 시 5.957로 가장 높으며, 뒤통수점에서 아래로 8 cm 내려서 입사 시는 머리쪽으로 30° 기울여 촬영하였을 때 6.430으로 가장 높았다. 연구결과에 의하면 머리 후전축방향 촬영시 뒤통수뼈와 안장, 뒤침대돌기의 선예한 영상을 얻기 위해서는 뒤통수점에서 아래로 4 cm 에서 머리쪽으로 25° 입사하여 촬영하고 바위모뿔대칭의 음영과 바위능선과 시상봉합, 시웃자봉합의 선예한 영상을 얻기 위해서는 뒤통수점에서 아래로 8 cm 내려서 머리쪽으로 30° 기울여 촬영한다면 임상에서 활용에 도움이 있으리라 사료된다.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was attempted in order to verify the effects of moxibustion on aged back pain and activities of daily living. Methods: A research design is quasi-experiment with pre-post test design in nonequivalent control group. As for data collection and experimental treatment, it accidentally sampled totally 50 people with 24 people for the experimental group and 26 people for the control group who appeal for chronic back pain aged over 60 who visited 4 senior centers where are located in N city from November 7, 2012 to December 3, 2012. Experimental treatment was carried out moxibustion totally 12 times by 3 times for 4 weeks in the experimental group. Data analysis was made by using SPSS program. As an analytical technique, the experimental group and the control group were analyzed the homogeneity verification with t-test, Fisher's exact test and $x^2$ test and the hypothesis verification with t-test. Results: The back pain level was reduced in the experimental group than the control group. The disability of daily living activities was reduced in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: Moxibustion was considered to be likely useful therapeutic method for effects of chronic back pain and disability of daily living activities in aged.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of thoracolumbar junction's Hyeopcheok points(夾脊穴) for low-back pain in the thoracolumbar junction syndrome. Method : 1. Measurement : We investigated 26 patients with low-back pain. The unpleasantness of pain was measured by visual analogue scale(VAS), and the Oswestry low-back pain disability index(ODI). We compared the VAS and ODI scores of the two groups statistically. 2. Intervention : Use Acupuncture and bee venom injection in thoracolumbar junction's Hyeopcheok points that display main tender points. Also, herb medication and physical therapy was used. Results and Conclusion : As a result of treatment, thoracolumbar junction's Hyeopcheok points is very effective for low-back pain. However, more cases are required to oriental medicine in order to prove the availability.