• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2005

We selected six kinds of stretching exercises that can be easily acquired and put to practical use by back pain patients and arranged the practicing order of the exercising method after measuring the % MlVC of the muscle power when a normal person was exercising with a surface EMG. Among the patients complaining of back pain, 20 case groups were given the selected exercise and physical therapy, and 20 control groups were only given a physical therapy. Before and 2 weeks, 4weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after the exercise therapy, a muscle power was measured with a fitness machine and the effectiveness of the exercise was compared. After six weeks difference of the muscle power between the case group and control group was shown, and after 8weeks the case group manifested the stronger muscle power than that of the control group in both male and female. Exercising therapy clearly seems to be helpful in strengthening the muscle power of the back pain patients.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes brought by the upper body form using a three-dimensional human body measurement the gypsum method. The developed plane figure was constructed using paper replica to analyze the dimensional shape of the upper torso and to be able to design clothes suitable for elderly women's physical characteristics. The characteristics are analyzed and compared with existing patterns in order to extract the components for the pattern design. The examination was carried out based on the developed plane figures of upper body surface replicas. Type 1, the bent-forward body form, has a wide gap on the shoulder. In Type 2, the gap of waist line was wide at angulus scapulae point. Type 3 was the thin body form, and the girth of the chest, front interscye breadth and back interscye breadth were more level with one another, compared to the other types. In Type 4, the bent-backward body form, there was a wide gap on front shoulder. Comparison with the developed plane figure and existed pattern, items revealed differences in significance included the front and back interscye width between the measured values of the existed patterns and the developed plane figure. Therefore, the basic components of basic bodice pattern for old women were determined in the up-bust circumference and length of the back.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.497-506
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• 2015

Gravity variations due to the 2011 Tohoku (M9.0) earthquake, which occurred at the plate boundaries near the northeastern coast of Japan, were estimated through the GRACE spherical harmonic (Stokes) coefficients derived from the CSR. About -5 μGal gravity variation by the GRACE data was found in the back-arc basin area with respect to a reference gravity model. The mean gravity variations in the back-arc basin area and the Japan Trench area were -4.4 and -3.2 μGal in order. The small negative gravity variations around the Japan Trench area can be interpreted by both crustal dilatation and the seafloor topography change in comparison with the large negative gravity variations in the back-arc basin area by co-seismic crustal dilatation of the landward plate. From the results of the gravity variations, vertical displacements generated from relatively short wavelength caused by the earthquake were estimated by use of multi-beam bathymetric measurements obtained from JAMSTEC. The maximum seafloor topography changes of about ±50 m were found at west side of the Japan Trench axis by the earthquake. The seafloor topography change by the megathrust earthquake can be considered as the results of the landslide of the seafloor throughout the landward side.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.301-306
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• 2002

This paper presents the use of the neural network technology to establish a mathematical model for predicting bead geometry (top-bead width, top-bead height, back-bead width and back-bead height) for multi-pass welding, and understand relationships between process parameters and bead geometry for robotic GMA welding process. Using a series of robotic arc welding, additional multi-pass butt welds were carried out in order to verify the performance of the developed neural network model. The results show that not only the proposed model can predict the bead geometry with reasonable accuracy and guarantee the uniform weld quality, but also the neural network model could be better than the linear and curvilin ear equations developed from Lee [8].

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.395-402
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• 2019

In order to increse the stability of old caissons, the design and the construction are performed by installation of new caissons on the back of or on the front of old caissons. In this study, we use the eigenfunction expasnion method to analyze the characteristics of wave forces when new circular caissons are installed on the back of old caissons. The comparison of numerical results between eigenfunction expansion method and ANSYS AQWA is made and the wave force acting on each circular caisson is calculated by considering the wave-structure interaction effect.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 1988

Since the introduction of epidural corticosteroid injections for the management of sciatica, lumbosacral radiculopathy has become one of the most common pain problems encountered by anesthesiologists. In order to function effectively, anesthesiologists should be able to: (1) recognize those syndromes which may respond to nerve block; (2) understand the pathophysiology of the conditions being treated and (3) be familiar with alternate therapeutic pathways for patients not responding to merre block. There are many etiologic factors of low back pain and lumbosacral radiculopathy. Particularly, Nerve root compression caused by a protruding disc, a osteophyte or tumors are usually responsible for pain. Neural inflammation, therefore, is considered to play a major role in pain production. The use of local anesthetics in mixture with steroids is believed to break down neural inflammation. Steroids and local anesthetics were injected lumbar or caudal epidmal to 106 patients for the purpose of relieving low back pain and lumbosacral radiculopathy. The results are as follows: Excellent pain relieved group: 27 patients (25.5%) Good pain relieved group: 49 patients (46.1%) Fair pain relieved group: 15 patients(14.2%) Not effective group: 15 patients(14.2%).

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.69-87
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• 2006

This study aims to describe the vowel system of present-day American English and to discuss some of its phonetic variations due to regional differences. Fifteen speakers of American English from various regions of the United States produced the monophthongs of English. The vowel duration and the frequencies of the first and the second formant were measured. The results indicate that the distinction between the vowels [c] and [a] has been merged in most parts of the U.S. except in some speakers from eastern and southeastern parts of the U.S., resulting in the general loss of phonemic distinction between the vowels. The phonemic merger of the two vowels can be interpreted as the result of the relatively small functional load of the [c]-[a] contrast, and the smaller back vowel space in comparison to the front vowel space. The study also shows that the F2 frequencies of the high back vowel [u] were extremely high in most of the speakers from the eastern region of the U.S., resulting in the overall reduction of their acoustic space for high vowels. From the viewpoint of the Adaptive Dispersion Theory proposed by Liljencrants & Lindblom (1972) and Lindblom (1986), the high back vowel [u] appeared to have been fronted in order to satisfy the economy of articulatory gesture to some extent without blurring any contrast between [i] and [u] in the high vowel region.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 1998

In the make-up product, Eye-shadow products have several purposes of enhancing product quality such as providing the beauty (variation of shape, clean appearance), feeling, continuity and adhesion. In this paper, newly developed wet type back injection press process is introduced so as to increase higher value products which providing various the beauty. The solvent takes an essential role to provide the fluidity of the powder bulk during the pressed-process of wet type pressed product. In this study, the effect of solvent in the oil binder was investigated, And the higher quality condition of the wet type pressed product was built to apply cosmetic preparation. Firstly, the system was designed powder phase as non treated pigment. The oil binder phase is categorized as hydrocarbons(Mineral oil, Squalane), Silicones(Methicone, Dimethicone ), esters (Octyldodecanol, Octyl Dodecyl Myristate). The solvent phase used was C 7-8 isoparaffin and Isopropyl Alcohol. The interaction of oil binder and solvent is investigated by measuring mass of final oil binder and the each solubility parameter. It was found that the higher the solubility the higher the degree of change in the final composition of the oil binder. In order to maintain the quality of the final product, the solvent used in pressed-process should be hydrophobic with oil binder.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to develop a basic bodice pattern and establish standards regrading to the size and grading of Korean misses' measurements in order to provide modern data for the ready-to-wear garment industry. 222 girls, aged from 18 to 27, were measured on 19 items of their structure. Mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, maximum, minimum, range and correlation coefficient between each items were analized. The analysis revealed the following significant results. The fundamental difference data of the bodice pattern and grading measurements between the year of 1975 and 1981 were as follow. (1) The measurements of bust and center back were used as a foundation to establish a standard size and grading. (2) Ranges of the bust circumference measurements were increased. Thus the sizes ere classfied into 5 groups. (3) The ease of bust circumference was increased due to the increasement of shoulder width. (4) The increase of the upper arm resulted to lower the bust line. (5) The shoulder slopes were higher than 1975. Therefore, the basic measurements of the shoulder slopes were reduced. (6) In spite of the front neck measurements were not changed, the back measurements were requied to increase. (7) the center front length became much shorter in the contrast with the increase of the center back length.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 1981

In order to elucidate the effects of Panax Ginseng on the pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in a pathological condition, patho-physiological changes, the kinetics of the disappearance of BSP from the blood and appearance in the bile were studied in rats. Group I , the control group, was produced by repeated injection of olive oil 0.1ml/100g under the skin of the back twice a week for 9 weeks. Group II , the Ginseng pretreated group, was produced by administration of Ginseng total saponin 200mg/kg/day P.O. for 10 days and subsequent injection of $CCl_4$ 0.1ml/100g under the skin of the back twice a week for 9 weeks. Group III , the chronically intoxicated group, was produced by repeated injection of $CCl_4$ 0.1ml/100g under the skin of the back twice a week for 9 weeks. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The activities of GOT GPT of rat blood serum, body weight, and liver weight were affected by the pretreatment with Ginseng saponin. 2. The kinetics of the disappearance of BSP from the blood were affected by the pretreatment with Ginseng saponin. 3. The appearance of BSP in the bile was significantly affected by the pretreatment with Ginseng saponin.