• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 1968

Using several varieties of Cymbidium, investigations were carried out to make clear how the protocormic tissue develops from the cultured explant. Explant to be cultured were prepared in several ways: exclusively apical meristem, apical meristem dissected out with the basal part attached, axillary bud primordia in their initial stage of development, or apical or axillary bud dissected out as a whole etc. It was observed that protocorms or protocormic tissues were developed from the explant's meristematic tissues regardless of where these tissues were located. Apical meristem, leaf primordia, leaf axil, or internodal part of young bud turned easily protocormic, while the scaly leaves of axillary bud or stem tissue of mother shoot turned quickly brwonish and died away. Both in axillary and apical bud explant alike, whether they were cultured whole or divided, some took quickly green color while others were slower, and some developed protocorms easily while others remained unchanged for months. Varietal difference as well as environmental factors seemed to be responsible for it. Further details should be clarified by histogenetical investigations.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of BA, a growth regulator on enhancing propagation efficiency, and physical treatment on promotion of axillary bud generation in three hosta cultivars, 'Ellerbroek', 'Francee', and 'Halcyon'. These are cultivars suitable for cut foliage production among Hosta spp. because of their diverse leaf patterns and long vase life of cut foliage. The degree of axillary bud generation by treatment time and concentration of BA has not been proven to be extraordinarily effective as compared to not treated control. As a physical treatment, base wounding was more effective than stem cutting. In 'Ellerbroek', increase of axillary bud generation among treatment methods was not great. However, in 'Halcyon', base wounding had four more axillary buds per plant than not treated control. In addition, although number of axillary buds increased per plant by BA treatment and stem cutting was 2 and 1.8, respectively, it was 6.1 by base wounding, indicating the greatest effect on promotion of axillary bud generation among all treatments.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.193-197
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• 1982

1t is well known that the stem is filed with shoot units in the rice plant and each internode bears several crown roots. But it has not yet been ascertained that what controls the differential elongation of the crown roots in the same internode. Thereupon, author had been carried out this experiment to ascertain what controls the elongation of the crown roots in the same internode, especially on the conception of sink-source by leaf-cutting method. Generally, one shoot unit has two important sinks: one axillary bud (tiller) and several crown roots. When we removed the axillary bud, namely shoot unit has one sink: several crown roots, the crown roots formed near the midvein (source) were longer than the crown roots born near the axillary bud. And when the shoot unit has two sinks: one axillary bud and several crown roots, the other way, the crown roots formed at the prophyll unit of the tiller were longest, and the crown roots formed near the midvein were shortest and the crown roots born the near the tiller showed interim length. Juding from the present results, we can suppose that, when shoot unit has two sinks, axillary bud is superior sink than the crown roots. So that axillary bud grows faster than crown roots and tiller becomes a new source. Therefore the crown roots which formed at the new source and the crown roots born the near the new source are longer than others.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 2015

Using either the apical or axillary bud of the endangered species Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, we tested the effect of bud position and culture method on shoot proliferation and rooting. In shoot proliferation, the axillary bud explant was more effective than the apical bud and the effect was fostered by BA treatment, whereas no differences were observed in shoot elongation by the explant position. Spontaneous rooting was observed in the MS basal medium and resulted in conspicuous differences in the explant position : more than 80% in apical bud explant and 28% in axillary bud explant was achieved, respectively. The positional effects were also observed in BA pre-treatments: generally vertical culture method appeared to be better in shoot proliferation, growth, and rooting than that of the horizontal culture method regardless of the BA pre-treatment duration. The highest shoot multiplication was achieved through the vertical culture method with axillary bud explant, whereas the best shoot elongation and rooting was obtained using the vertical culture method with the apical bud explant. Apical bud explant was superior to axillary bud explant in ex vitro micro-cuttings and revealed a significant difference in shoot growth and root development. The above results suggest that explant position and culture method influence the efficiency of micropropagation for a rare and endangered plant Abeliophyllum distichum.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.382-386
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• 2011

This study aims to identify the cause for low appearance of flowers in 'Heukgoosul' grapevines, and determine basic characteristics of the axillary buds and types of necrosis in order to find out their influence on necrosis. As for $1^{st}$ to $4^{th}$ node, the closer buds were located to cane, the smaller the size of buds became. However, there was no difference in the size of an axillary bud in the upper part of the shoot above the 4th node. The bud necrosis occurrence in the $1^{st}$ node was the highest with 32% while buds in $4^{th}$ to $10^{th}$ node were normal with 84~96%. The size of buds in July was the largest with 6.40 mm, while buds showed no difference from August to October. The bud necrosis and main bud necrosis occurred most frequently in October, however accessory bud necrosis took place from July demonstrating no difference since then. The analysis on the relationship between shoot vigor and necrosis of axillary buds showed that the shoot diameter and internodes' length have no co-relationship with axillary bud necrosis, but there were negative relationship between the size of buds and necrosis occurrence, which was the most related to accessory bud necrosis. Therefore, despite the low occurrence of bud necrosis and healthy buds in 'Heukgoosul' grapevines, there was little appearance of flowers in the grapevines, which was attributable to the necrosis in the first bud. In conclusion, the research suggests spur pruning with three nodes kept intact yield.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2014

To establish the system of in vitro plant regeneration, the different explants (stem with axillary bud and stem without axillary bud) of Hylotelephium ussuriense were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and indolebutyric acid (IBA). The adventitious shoot induction was more effective in the stem with axillary bud explants than the stem without axillary bud explants, and was the best on MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L BA and 0.01 mg/L IBA. Frequency of plantlet growth was not significantly treated on MS and sucrose. Total chlorophyll contents under ventilation treatment were higher than those in control (non-ventilation). This in vitro propagation protocol will be useful for conservation and mass propagation of this endangered plant.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2009

The researchers studied the composition of latent buds by surveying the embryo of harvested seed, and the developmental pathway of latent buds by analyzing the characteristics of local ginseng. One-year-old ginseng seedlings were transplanted into the field and harvested two years later. The developmental pathway of the main bud, which would be the shoot of ginseng in the fourth year, was also investigated. The main bud of the seedling was formed from the region between root and shoot of the germinating seed. Primary and axillary latent buds protruded in a dome-shape from the cortex and separated from the main bud. Ninety percent of the single main bud was derived from the primary latent bud. Twin main buds were derived from a primary latent bud and one axillary bud, and triple main buds were derived from primary latent bud and two axillary latent buds. In the field, the researchers could not find 2-stem plants in 2-3 years old plants. However, the researchers found a 2-stem plant in a 4-year-old plant because its two main buds developed from a 3-year-old plant. We can conclude that a 2-stem plant was observed in the plant that was at least 4 years old. The main buds of the 4-year-old plant were formed at the primary and axillary latent bud of seed and cortex, the latent bud of rhizome in a 2-3 year old plant. In older plants, twin and triple main buds were derived mostly from the cortex latent bud than the primary latent bud.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.264-268
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• 2007

Flower and fruit characteristics, in 'Hongro' and 'Galaxy Gala' apples, were investigated by bearing branch lengths and flower bud position such as blow 5 cm, $10{\sim}15cm$ and above 20 cm length with terminal bud, and above 20 cm length with axillary bud for investigation on possibility of alternative use of long bearing branch and axillary bud in case of die-back of spur flower bud. In flowering characteristics by flower bud position in the above 20 cm length, the terminal bud was later and was short in flowering period, and also was little in number of flower per bud. Fruit weight, number of seeds, and sugar-acid ratio, in characteristics of ripening fruit, were more the blow 5 cm and $10{\sim}15cm$ length, but soluble solid and malic acid contents was the opposite tendency. In fruit characteristics by flower bud position in the above 20 cm length, the terminal bud had high tendency expected far number of seed in 'Hongro' and Hunter a value of 'Galaxy Gala' apple but had not significant difference. Correlation between fruit weight and number of seed was high. As the results, value of alternative use of long bearing branch in apples had a little expected for fruit weight, especially was more 'Galaxy Gala' and the axillary bud.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.300-303
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• 2005

A propagation for Fatsia japonica using axillary bud explants were established. Cultures were initiated from axillary bud explants on MS medium supplemented with IAA $(1,2,3\;mgl^{-1})$, 2,4-D $(1,2,3\;mgl^{-1})$ or NAA $(1,2,3\;mgl^{-1})$ in combination with BA $(0.5\;mgl^{-1})$. The maximum shoot bud formation was obtained in MS medium supplemented with $0.5\;mgl^{-1}$ BA and $2;mgl^{-1}$ IAA after 4 weeks culture. The microshoot rooted within 4 week in MS medium containing $1.0\;mgl^{-1}$ IBA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.445-452
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• 1988

This study was conducted to establish practical micropropagation of jujube cultivars ('Geumsumg', 'Bokjo') by axillary bud culture. The results are summerized as follows : 1. Addition of activated charcoal to half-strength Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium supplemented with 0.5mg/l benzylaminopurine(BAP) enhanced shoot and root growth. At 500mg/l activated charcoal level 'Geumsung' showed best result, and shoot length and the number of multiple shoot were 6.4cm and 10.0, respectively. At 1,000mg/l activated charcoal level 'Bokjo showed best result, and shoot length and the number of multiple shoot were 7.5cm and 12.4, respectively. 2. As indole-3-butyric acid(IBA) concentration increased, rooting and callus growth of microshoot were enhanced. The optimum IBA concentration for shoot elongation and multiplication was 1.0mg/l. 3. Growth responses of shoot-tip and axillary bud segments between two jujube cultivars were different. 'Geumsung' showed that axillary bud explants were about twice better than shoot-tip explants for shoot multiplication, but 'Bokjo' showed that shoot-tip explants mere better than axillary bud explants for shoot elongation and multiplication. 4. In acclimatization processes of plantlets produced in vitro, the survival of plantlets with only root primordia in soil medium was better than that of plantlets with several routs resulting in 97.8%. 5. In cutting of in vitro-derived microshoot, paclobutrazol was more effective than IBA, naphth-aleneacetic acid(NAA) and $Rooton^{(R)}$ in rooting and root growth.