• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.383-401
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• 2024

The research comprehensively studies the axial compression performance of T-shaped concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular (CTST) long columns after fire exposure. Initially, a series of tests investigate the effects of heating time, load eccentricity, and stiffeners on the column's performance. Furthermore, Finite Element (FE) analysis is employed to establish temperature and mechanical field models for the T-shaped CTST long column with stiffeners after fire exposure, using carefully determined key parameters such as thermal parameters, constitutive relations, and contact models. In addition, a parametric analysis based on the numerical models is conducted to explore the effects of heating time, section diameter, material strength, and steel ratio on the axial compressive bearing capacity, bending bearing capacity under normal temperature, as well as residual bearing capacity after fire exposure. The results reveal that the maximum lateral deformation occurs near the middle of the span, with bending increasing as heating time and eccentricity rise. Despite a decrease in axial compressive load and bending capacity after fire exposure, the columns still exhibit desirable bearing capacity and deformability. Moreover, the obtained FE results align closely with experimental findings, validating the reliability of the developed numerical models. Additionally, this study proposes a simplified design method to calculate these mechanical property parameters, satisfying the ISO-834 standard. The relative errors between the proposed simplified formulas and FE models remain within 10%, indicating their capability to provide a theoretical reference for practical engineering applications.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.611-626
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• 2017

The research reported herein is concerned with the model testing of piles socketed in soft rock which was simulated by cement, plaster, sand, water and concrete hardening accelerator. Model tests on a single pile socketed in simulated soft rock under axial cyclic loading were conducted and the bearing capacity and accumulated deformation characteristics under different static, and cyclic loads were studied by using a device which combined oneself-designed test apparatus with a dynamic triaxial system. The accumulated deformation of the pile head, and the axial force, were measured by LVDT and strain gauges, respectively. Test results show that the static load ratio (SLR), cyclic load ratio (CLR), and the number of cycles affect the accumulated deformation, cyclic secant modulus of pile head, and ultimate bearing capacity. The accumulated deformation increases with increasing numbers of cycles, however, its rate of growth decreases and is asymptotic to zero. The cyclic secant modulus of pile head increases and then decreases with the growth in the number of cycles, and finally remains stable after 50 cycles. The ultimate bearing capacity of the pile is increased by about 30% because of the cyclic loading thereon, and the axial force is changed due to the applied cyclic shear stress. According to the test results, the development of accumulated settlement is analysed. Finally, an empirical formula for accumulated settlement, considering the effects of the number of cycles, the static load ratio, the cyclic load ratio and the uniaxial compressive strength, is proposed which can be used for feasibility studies or preliminary design of pile foundations on soft rock subjected to cyclic loading.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.217-234
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• 2016

In order to investigate mechanical properties and load-bearing capacity of T-shaped Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular (TCFST) composite columns under eccentric axial load, three T-shaped composite columns were tested under eccentric compression. Experimental results show that failure mode of the columns under eccentric compression was bending buckling of the whole specimen, and mono column performs flexural buckling. Specimens behaved good ductility and load-bearing capacity. Nonlinear finite element analysis was also employed in this investigation. The failure mode, the load-displacement curve and the ultimate bearing capacity of the finite element analysis are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Based on eccentric compression test and parametric finite element analysis, the calculation formula for the equivalent slenderness ratio was proposed and the bearing capacity of TCFST composite columns under eccentric compression was calculated. Results of theoretical calculation, parametric finite element analysis and eccentric compression experiment accord well with each other, which indicates that the theoretical calculation method of the bearing capacity is advisable.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.377-391
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• 2020

A concrete filled steel tube (CFT) column with stiffeners has preferable behavior subjected to axial loading condition due to delay local buckling of the steel wall than traditional CFT columns without stiffeners. Welding lines in welded built-up steel box columns is expected to behave as longitudinal stiffeners. This study has presented a numerical investigation into the behavior of built-up concrete filled steel tube columns under axial pressure. At first stage, a finite element model (FE) has been built to simulate the behavior of built-up CFT columns. Comparing the results of FE and test has shown that numerical model passes the desired conditions and could accurately predict the axial performance of CFT column. Also, by the raise of steel tube thickness, the load bearing capacity of columns has been increased due to higher confinement effect. Also, the raise of concrete strength with greater cross section is led to a higher load bearing capacity compared to the steel tube thickness increment. In CFT columns with greater cross section, concrete strength has a higher influence on load bearing capacity which is noticeable in columns with more welding lines.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.969-974
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• 2001

Circular cylindrical tubes are widely used in structures such as vehicles and aircraft structures, where light weight and high compressive/bending/torsional load carrying capacity are required. When axially compressed, relatively thick circular cylindrical tubes deform in a so-called ring mode. Each ring develops and completely collapses one by one until the entire length of the tube collapses. During the collapse process the tube absorbs a large amount of energy. Like honey-comb structures, circular cylindrical tubes are light weighted, are capable of high axial compressive load, and absorb a large amount of energy before being completely collapsed. In this report, the subject of axial plastic buckling of circular cylindrical tubes was reviewed first. Then, the axial collapse process of the tubes in a so-called ring mode was studied both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, steel tubes were axially compressed slowly until they were completely collapsed. Fixed boundary condition was provided. Numerical study involves axisymmetric, elastic-plastic, large deflection, self-contact mechanisms. The measured and calculated results were presented and compared with each other. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the load carrying capacity and the energy absorbing capacity of the tube.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.173-182
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• 2000

To find axial and lateral responses of impact-driven H piles in embankment(SM), the H piles are instrumented with electric strain gages, dynamic load test is performed during driving, and then the damage of strain gages is checked simultaneously. Axially and laterally static load tests are performed on the same piles after one to nine days as well. Then load-settlement behavior is measured. Furthermore, to find the set-up effect in H pile, No. 4, 16, 26, and R6 piles are restriked about 1, 2, and 14 days after driving. As results, ram height and pile capacity obtained from impact driving control method become 80cm and 210.3∼242.3ton, respectively. At 15 days after driving, allowable bearing capacity by CAPWAP analysis, which 2.5 of the factor of safety is applied for ultimate bearing capacity, increases 10.8%. Ultimate bearing capacity obtained from axially static load test is 306∼338ton. This capacity is 68.5∼75.7% at yield force of pile material and is 4∼4.5 times of design load. Allowable bearing capacity using 2 of the factor of safety is 153∼169ton. Initial stiffness response of the pile is 27.5ton/mm. As the lateral load increases, the horizontal load-settlement behaves linearly to which the lateral load reaches up to 17ton. This reason is filled with sand in the cavity formed between flange and web during pile driving. As the result of reading with electric strain gages, flange material of pile is yielded at 19ton in horizontal load. Thus allowable load of this pile material is 9.5ton when the factor of safety is 2.0. Allowable lateral displacement of this pile corresponding to this load is 23∼36mm in embankment.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2019

직경 500mm 및 직경 600mm PHC말뚝 A종의 파괴 압축하중($P_n$)은 각각 7.7MN 및 10.6MN으로 계산할 수 있었다. 직경 500mm 및 직경 600mm 매입 PHC말뚝 A종에 대한 압축정재하시험 시 말뚝 두부에 재하된 최대 압축하중은 6.9MN 및 8.8MN으로 측정할 수 있었으며 따라서 이 측정하중은 각각 $P_n$의 90% 및 83% 수준이었다. 직경 500mm 및 직경 600mm PHC말뚝 A종의 장기허용압축하중($P_a$)은 각각 1.7MN 및 2.3MN이었다. 모든 사례 매입 PHC말뚝의 양방향재하시험 자료로부터 계산된 지반의 허용지지력은 국내 현행 설계에서 사용하고 있는 극한지지력 산정공식으로 계산한 지반의 허용지지력보다 높은 수준으로 계산되었다. 따라서 매입 PHC말뚝의 설계에서 사용하는 극한지지력 산정공식은 매입 PHC말뚝의 실제 지지력 거동을 모사할 수 있도록 개선하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2023

Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) has various advantages, but it has limitations in ensuring sufficient ductility as structural members such as reinforced concrete (RC) columns due to its low confinement effect of core concrete. In particular, the confinement effect significantly decreases as the axial load increases, but studies on evaluating the ductility of RC columns at high axial loads are very limited. Therefore, this study examined the effects of concrete unit weight on the seismic performance of RC columns subjected to constant axial loads applied with different values for each specimen. The column specimens were classified into all-lightweight aggregate concrete (ALWAC), sand-lightweight aggregate concrete (SLWAC), and normal-weight concrete (NWC). The amount of transverse reinforcement was specified for all the columns to satisfy twice the minimum amount specified in the ACI 318-19 provision. Test results showed that the normalized moment capacity of the columns decreased slightly with the concrete unit weight, whereas the moment capacity of LWAC columns could be conservatively estimated based on the procedure stipulated in ACI 318-19 using an equivalent rectangular stress block. Additionally, by applying the section lamina method, the axial load level corresponding to the balanced failure decreased with the concrete unit weight. The ductility of the columns also decreased with the concrete unit weight, indicating a higher level of decline under a higher axial load level. Thus, the LWAC columns required more transverse reinforcement than their counterpart NWC columns to achieve the same ductility level. Ultimately, in order to achieve high ductility in LWAC columns subjected to an axial load of 0.5, it is recommended to design the transverse reinforcement with twice the minimum amount specified in the ACI 318-19 provision.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.249-260
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• 2017

볼트접합 앵글을 사용한 선조립-SRC 합성기둥(이하 PSRC 합성기둥)의 구조성능을 평가하기 위하여 PSRC 기둥실험체 6개와 일반 SRC 기둥실험체 2개에 대하여 편심축 압축실험을 수행하였다. 횡보강재의 수직간격 및 단면형상과 축하중의 편심율을 실험변수로 고려하였다. 실험결과, 편심율이 큰 경우 PSRC 실험체는 단면 코너에 위치한 고강성 앵글로 인하여 압축하중 재하능력 및 변형능력이 기존 SRC 실험체보다 향상되었다. PSRC 기둥 실험체에서 횡방향 강판의 좁은 횡보강 간격과 Z형 단면의 횡방향 강판은 우수한 횡구속력을 제공하였으며, 하중재 하능력을 향상시켰다. 실험 및 수치해석을 통한 합성기둥의 휨 압축 강도는 현행설계기준에 의한 휨-압축 상관도를 상회하였다. 수치해석결과는 각 실험체의 강성, 최대강도, 최대하중 이후 강도감소거동을 비교적 잘 예측하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호통권47호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2000

본 연구는 콘크리트충전 각형강관(CFT) 기둥의 강도와 변형능력의 평가 및 내진성능에 대한 기초 자료의 제시를 목적으로 한다. 실험체는 초고층 건물의 최하단기둥의 응력분포를 가정하여 켄틸레버형 기둥으로 하고, 총 18개의 실험체가 일정 축력과 반복 횡하중 하에서 실험되었다. 본 실험에 적용된 주요변수는 강관의 폭/두께 비, 세장비 (LO/D), 그리고 축력비이다. 각 변수가 기둥의 강도, 변형능력, 그리고 에너지 흡수능력에 미치는 영향이 기술되었고, 각국 규준식과 실험결과를 비교하였다. 분석결과, 피복형 한국강구조학회 규준은 합성 단면적과 탄성계수를 AIJ와 AISC-LRFD 수준으로 수정한다면, 충전형에도 적용가능 할 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로, 구속효과를 고려하여 단면의 소성해석을 통하여 구한 B. Kato의 CFT 기둥의 휨내력 제안식은 실험결과와 좋은 대응을 나타내고 있다.