• 지구물리
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2006

Since the key issue that 'the Yangsan fault is seismically an active fault" was raised in 1983, thegeological and geomorphological studies of active fault have been made by many researchers. These studies are mainly focused on the Yangsan fault system(YFS) and Ulsan fault system(UFS) due to many historical earthquakes occurred in this area. There are two different types of active faultings under the ENE-WSW horizontal stress field in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. The NNE-trending YFS is the most prominent right-lateral strike-slip fault and has a continuous trace about 200 km long. Some part of this system has been active during the late Quaternary with evidences clearly recognized on both the northern (Yugyeri and Tosung-ri areas) and southern parts (Eonyang to Tongdosa area) of the YFS. in the southern part, the estimated vertical slip rate is about 0.02 - 0.07 mm/yr, and the lateral slip rate may be several times larger than the vertical rate. The most recent event occurred prior to deposition of Holocene alluvium, in the northern part, the fault trend locally changes to almost N-S, dips to the east and has reverse movement. The average vertical slip rate is estimated to be less than 0.1 mm/yr. The most recent event probably occurred after 1314 years BP (AD 536). The NNW-SSE (or N-S) trending UFS is a predominantly reverse fault that built up U-ie eastern mountain and has been active during U-ie late Quaternary. The fault trace is not straight but irregularly undulates along the foot of the mountain on the east. From the disturbed terraces along U-ie fault, the average vertical slip rate on U-iis system is estimated to be about 0.08.13mm/yr. The latest event is not well studied, but seems to have occurred after the last glacial maximum in the Malbang fault and 14,000 years BP in the Kalgok fault of the UFS. However, important issues such as fault segmentation, recurrence interval, age of Quaternary deposits need further studies.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2011

To meet the NOx limit without a penalty of fuel consumption, Urea-SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal $NH_3$ slip. In this study, map based open loop control for urea injection was developed and assessed in the European Transient Cycle (ETC) for heavy duty diesel engine. The basic urea quantity set-value which was calculated using the look up tables of engine out NOx, exhaust flow rate and optimum NSR resulted in NOx reduction of 80% and the average $NH_3$ slip of 24 ppm and maximum of 79 ppm. In order to reduce $NH_3$ slip, $NH_3$ storage control algorithm was applied to correct the basic urea quantity and reduced $NH_3$ slip levels to the average 15 ppm and maximum 49 ppm while keeping NOx reduction of 76%. With high and increasing SCR temperature, the $NH_3$ storage capacity decreases, which leads to $NH_3$ slip. The resulting $NH_3$ slip peak can be avoided by stopping or significantly reducing the urea injection during the SCR temperature gradient is over $30^{\circ}C/min$.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of SCR reactor on the exhaust emissions characteristics in order to develop a urea-SCR aftertreatment system for reducing $NO_x$ emissions. The experiments are conducted by using a flue tube LPG steam boiler with the urea-SCR aftertreatment system. The urea-SCR aftertreatment system utilizes the ammonia converted from 17% aqueous urea solution injected in front of SCR catalyst as a reducing agent for reducing $NO_x$ emissions. The equivalence ratio, urea injection amount, ammonia slip and $NO_x$ conversion efficiency relative to boiler load are applied to discuss the experimental results. In this experiment, the average equivalence ratio is calculated by changing only the fuel consumption rate while the intake air amount is constantly fixed at $25,957.11cm^3/sec$. The average equivalence ratios are 1.38, 1.11, 0.81 and 0.57 when boiler loads are 100, 80, 60 and 40%. The $NO_x$ conversion efficiency is raised with increasing urea injection amount, and $NH_3$ slip is also boosted at the same time. Consequently, the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency relative to boiler load should be examined in combination with urea injection amount and $NH_3$ slip. The results are calculated by 89, 85, 77 and 79% for the boiler loads of 100, 80, 60 and 40%. The appropriate amount of urea injection for the respective boiler load can be not discussed by only $NO_x$ emissions, and should be determined by considering the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency, $NH_3$ slip and reactive activation temperature simultaneously. In this study, the urea amounts of 230, 235, 233 and 231 mg/min are injected at the boiler loads of 100, 80, 60 and 40%, and the final $NH_3$ slips are measured by 8.48, 5.58, 11.97 and 11.34 ppm at the same conditions. THC emission is affected by the SCR reactor under other experimental conditions except 100% engine load, and CO emission at only 40% engine load. The rest of exhaust emissions are not affected by the SCR reactor under all experimental conditions.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2010

To meet the NOx limit without a penalty of fuel consumption, urea-SCR system is currently regarded as promising NOx reduction technology for diesel engines. SCR system has to achieve maximal NOx conversion in combination with minimal $NH_3$ slip. In this study, the performance characteristics of urea-SCR system with open loop control were assessed in the European Transient Cycle(ETC) for heavy duty diesel engine. The SCR inlet temperaure varied in the range of 200 to $340^{\circ}C$ in the ETC cycle. Open loop control calculated the urea flow rate based on the NOx and NSR map which gave for each combination of SCR inlet temperature and space velocity the normalized $NH_3$ to NOx stoichiometric ratio which resulted in a steady-state $NH_3$ slip of 20ppm. During the ETC cycle, the open loop control with the optimized NSR offset achieved NOx reduction of 80% while keeping the average $NH_3$ slip below 10ppm and maximum 20ppm. It was also found that NOx sensor was cross-sensitive to $NH_3$ and a control strategy for cross-sensitivity compensation was required in order to use a NOx sensor as feedback device.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
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• pp.1847-1850
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• 2002

In this paper, MPLS Router module supporting Differentiated Service(Diffserv) for quality of Service (QoS) and High-speed switching is proposed and implemented. And we compare and analyze the proposed architecture with the conventional one in terms of CLR (Cell Loss Rate) and average delay. Switch is an extended system of Queue of each VOQ and PHB in the manner of Input Queuing for QoS. Algorithm, Priority-iSLIP is used for its scheduling algorithm. The proposed architecture is modeled in C++ and verified.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2010

우리나라의 단층에 대한 고지진학적 연구는 1994년 이후 양산단층과 울산단층대를 따라 본격적으로 시작되었다. 양산단층대의 경우, 평해, 유계, 언양-통도사 등에서 부분적으로 고지진 활동을 나타내지만, 울산단층대의 경우 단층의 북부와 남부 일부를 제외하고 전 구간에서 단층운동 기록이 나타난다. 고지진에 의한 단층운동의 이력을 보면 양산단층의 경우 유계지역 일부를 제외하고 주로 20여만년 이전 기록이 대부분이다. 한편, 울산단층의 경우 운동 시기는 30만년 전 이후 수천년 전까지로 매우 최신까지의 기록이 나타나, 양산단층보다 최근까지 활동해오고 있음을 알 수 있다. 단층운동의 특성은 양산단층은 주로 우수주향이동이 우세하며, 울산단층은 역단층운동이 우세하였다. 이는 이 지역 일대에서 최근 발생하고 있는 지진들의 단층운동 감각과 유사함을 보인다. 평균변위율을 통해 단층의 활동도를 평가하는 일본의 경우에 대비할 경우, 양산단층의 평균변위율인 0.1~0.04 m/ka은 C 등급에 해당하며, 울산단층대의 평균변위율인 0.2~0.06 m/ka는 B-C 경계 등급에 해당한다. 각 단층대의 일부 구간에서 외국의 최대변위-규모 경험식에 기초하여 구한 최대 지진규모는 양산단층대의 유계단층에서는 평균 6.8, 울산단층대의 갈곡단층에서는 7.0의 값을 얻었다. 앞으로 이들 단층대의 분절화, 역사지진과의 관계 등 많은 해결과제가 남아있다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.553-558
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 슬립캐스팅 성형법을 이용하여 실린더형 $MoSi_2$계 세라믹 서스셉터를 개발하여 고온 유도가열에 적용시켰다. $MoSi_2$계 소재는 SHS법(Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis)으로 합성하였고 XRD 분석을 통해 합성된 상과 결정구조를 확인하였다. 합성된 소재로 실린더 성형체를 제작하기 위해 슬립캐스팅을 진행하였고 슬립의 고형분 함량 및 유지시간을 조절하여 실린더 성형체의 두께를 제어하였다. 최종적으로 성형체 소결을 통해 유도가열 발열체를 제작하였고 열처리과정 중 표면에 형성된 $SiO_2$층은 SEM/EDS 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 서스셉터로서의 가열성능을 평가하기 위해 유도가열기로 일정한 출력을 인가하였을 때 $(Mo,W)Si_2$ 실린더 서스셉터의 표면온도를 측정하여 출력 2 kW를 인가하였을 때 발열특성을 분석하였으며, 서스셉터 표면의 최고 온도는 $1457^{\circ}C$, 평균 승온속도는 $19^{\circ}C/s$로 우수한 가열 특성을 나타냈다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2022

Between diaphragms made of stainless steel (SUS), which is the main component of a hydrogen gas compressor, micro-slip occurs owing to repeated bending, resulting in scratches on the surface. The surface scratch of the compressor part is a problem with airtightness, which reduces the efficiency of the compressor; in severe cases, damage is a possibility. In this study, the changes in friction and wear characteristics due to the surface polishing of SUS and carbon-based solid lubricant films (graphene and CNT) were analyzed. Bare SUS, polished SUS, graphene film, and CNT film specimens were prepared. The surface roughness of the SUS was significantly reduced by surface polishing but increased by carbon-based solid lubricating films. In contrast, the friction coefficient maintained a similar value after surface polishing but was significantly reduced by the carbon-based solid lubricant films. In particular, the graphene film exhibited the lowest initial friction coefficient, while the CNT film exhibited the lowest overall average friction coefficient. Regarding the wear rate, polished SUS exhibited the lowest value, but the surface condition of the wear track showed that the carbon-based solid lubricating films were relatively less damaged. Although the wear rate measured was largely attributed to the solid lubricating film peeling off, the SUS surface under the film was considered protected.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

Because the mixing efficiency is influenced remarkably by varying the geometrical configurations, the study of flow characteristics inside the mechanical agitator is very important to improve the performances. The draught tube in the agitator makes intermixing between the screw and tube by interrupting radial flow, and it makes circulation region in a mixing chamber. In general, the helical screw agitator with a draught tube (HSA) is proved more efficient to mix than the others. Consequently, such as the shapes of helical screw, number of pitches and the variation of angular velocity are the main parameters for improving the capacity of HSA. And also the suspension of the solid particles in the agitator can be determined these parameters. The rate of solids suspension in the mixing chamber was quantified with a statistical average value, of. Numerical analyses were carried out, using a commercial CFD code, Fluent, to obtain the velocity, pressure and particle distributions under steady, laminar flow and no-slip conditions. Results are graphically depicted with various parameters.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2013

Purpose: We evaluate clinical manifestations and radiologic features of ankle fracture & dislocation, as well as the usefulness of computed tomography on posterior ankle fracture & dislocation to study factors contributing to ankle fracture & dislocation. Material and Methods: Ankle dislocation was defined as the center of talar body being translated over the cortex of tibia on AP or lateral view on simple X-ray. Surgical treatments of 30 patients from January 2007 to March 2012 were categorized according to the injury mechanism, the direction of dislocation and fracture site. Joint involvement of posterior malleoalr fracture was evaluated through simple x-ray and computed tomography. We treated surgically if posterior malleolus fracture involves more than 25% of dital tibial articular surface. Thereafter, clinical outcomes were identified through radiographs and by using the AOFAS score. Results: The mean age was 42(13-78) years old, and slip down was the most common injury mechanism (13 cases). Car accident (6 cases) and fall accident (4 cases) were the next frequently found injury mechanisms. As for the types of ankle fracture, posterior fracture and dislocation (21 cases, 43.3%) was most commonly found. Out of these 21 cases, 15 cases involved trimalleolar fracture, and 19 cases were associated with posterior malleolar fracture. Danis-weber type B and C patients were 11 cases and 10 cases respectively. Articular involvement of posterior malleolar fracture turned out to be average 27.9%(5.1%~49.1%) on simple x-ray. The rate was evaluated as average 31.7%(12.6%~55.3%) on computed tomography which was conducted 15 times, and led us to more meaningful data. Conclusion: Anterolateral fracture and dislocation often accompanied open dislocation. Posterior fracture dislocation was most commonly found. Posterior malleolus was an important factor that ensures posterior stability of the ankle joint. Computed tomograph is useful to evaluate the articular involvement of posterior malleolar fracture.