• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2000

지금까지의 객체지향 메트릭스에 대한 연구는 단순히 품질의 일부 요소만을 다루고 있으며, 대부분의 메트릭스는 클래스 사이의 관계 정보만을 기반으로 제안되어 왔다. 이로써 객체지향 설계의 특성을 충분히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 또한 기존의 객체지향 메트릭스는 각 메트릭의 계산 결과를 평가하기 위하여 제한값(threshold)을 제공하고 있으며, 형식적으로 정의되지 않은 것이 대부분이다. 이들의 문제점은 계산 과정이 복잡하여 쉽게 적용할 수 없고 프로젝트의 성격이나 소프트웨어의 특성에 따라 제한 값이 달라질 수 있다는 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 객체지향 설계의 특성인 크기, 복잡도, 결합도 및 응집도를 고려하여 설계의 품질을 평가하기 위한 메트릭 집합을 제시한다. 제시된 메트릭 집합은 평균값에 대한 비율(proportion)을 사용하여 평균값을 상회하는 클래스 및 설계 요소들을 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 이것은 설계 품질을 저하시키고 있는 클래스를 찾아내어 평균값에 근접한 수준을 h다시 설계할 수 있도록 함으로써, 구현하는 동안 직면하는 설계 결점을 개발 초기에 발견할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 논문에서 정의한 메트릭 집합은 측정원칙에 의하여 분석적으로 평가된다. 그 결과로서 메트릭에 대하여 요구되는 성질의 대부분을 만족하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 도한 플랫폼과 무관하게 사용할 수 있도록 웹 브라우저 및 자바 애플릿으로 개발되어 분산 인트라넷 환경을 지원하는 평가 도구 ASSOD(ASsessment System of Object oriented Design)를 설계한다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.215-228
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to figure out that Facilitation education can affect significant improvement in sales staff's understanding of precise pharmacokinetics, benefits, safety, and side effects, etc. and eventually lead to increase in call after taking courses. Methods: Data utilized in this study was collected from 413 sales staffs who completed Facilitation course for 5 months. This study used statistical methodologies, paired t-test, exploratory factor analysis, and logistic regression model in order to identify change in Call and after Facilitation courses. Results: The result shows that there are statistically significant increases in CALL quality after Facilitation courses based on the result of pared t-test. Moreover, Facilitation education is more effective in average time of one-time detail than average number of visits per day and average number of doctors per day from the result of logistic regression. Conclusions: In order for MR in pharmaceutical company to improve CALL quality, the education for precise pharmacokinetics, benefits, safety, and side effects is necessary. In addition, various professional training required for detail, including disease education, Selling Skills education, and literacy education are essential. Therefore, Facilitation education would be desirable choice in terms of pharmaceutical marketing strategy.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.821-826
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• 2018

본 연구는 경기도 소재 대학병원에 2018년 1월1일부터 2018년 6월30일까지 복부 CT검사를 위해 내원한 모든 환자의 영상 중 무작위로 선정하여 복부 면적의 크기 별로 20명 씩 60명을 총 3군으로 분류하여 복부 CT영상의 면적에 따른 유효선량과 화질의 변화정도를 알아보았다. 그 결과 평균면적 군 에서 유효선량이 7.34 mSv로, 평균면적이상 군은 8.39 mSv, 평균면적이하 군은 5.89 mSv로 측정 되었다. 화질분석을 위해 복부면적에 따라 동일한 3영역에 ROI를 그려 비교해본 결과 3군으로 분류한 복부면적에서 모두 CT value가 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다(p<0.05). 향후 실제 임상에서 적용할 수 있는 프로토콜을 개발 시 본 연구결과를 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 현재 임상에서 CT검사 시 적용하고 있는 다양한 선량감소 프로그램을 적용 및 복부 면적 외 다양한 환자의 변환 조건 등을 고려하여 연구와 고찰을 도출한다면 화질과 피폭선량 감소에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.378-388
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• 2019

This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents depending on eating together as a family, based on the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. One day 24-hour recall data of 1,831 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years were collected. The nutritional quality of breakfast was analyzed and compared between Family Breakfast Group (FBG, n=1,410) and Eating-alone Breakfast Group (EBG, n=421). The results showed that age, family structure, number of family members, and frequency of breakfast were associated with eating breakfast as a family. The calorie intake from breakfast explained 19% and 16% of the daily intake for FBG and EBG, respectively. The percentages of children and adolescents consuming Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin C, Niacin, and Iron less than 1/4 of the Estimated Average Requirements were significantly lower in FBG than in EBG. The average numbers of serving for "Grains" and "Vegetables" food groups and the average Dietary Diversity Score were significantly higher in FBG than in EBG. Overall, the results indicated that eating breakfast as a family is positively associated with nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.165-180
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• 2019

Water quality data of 81 lakes in Korea, 2013 ~ 2017 were analyzed. Most water quality parameters showed left-skewed distribution, while dissolved oxygen showed normal distribution. pH and dissolved oxygen showed a positive correlation with organic matter and nutrients, which appeared to be a nonsense correlation mediated by the algae. The ratio of $BOD_5$ and $COD_{Mn}$ to CBOD was 21 % and 52 % in the freshwater lakes, respectively. TOC concentration appeared to be underestimated by the UV digestion method, when salinity exceeds $700{\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$. In terms of nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, the limiting factor for algal growth seemed to be phosphorus in most of the lakes. Chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ increased acutely with decrease of N/P ratio. However, it seemed to be a nonsense correlation mediated by phosphorus concentration, since the N/P ratio depended on phosphorus. The N/P ratio of brackish lakes was lower than that of the freshwater, at the same concentration of phosphorus. It is worth examining denitrification that occurs, in bottom layer and sediment, during saline stratification. $Chl.{\alpha}$ concentration decreased in the form of a power function with increase of mean depth. The primary reason is that deep lakes are mainly at the less-disturbed upstream. However, it is necessary to investigate the effect of sediment, on water quality in shallow lakes. Light attenuation in the upper layer, was dominated by tripton (non-algal suspended solids) absorption/scattering (average relative contribution of 39 %), followed by CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter) (average 37 %) and $Chl.{\alpha}$ (average 21 %).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2011

In this study, from 2004 to 2008 influents and discharging effluents from 241 municipal public sewage treatment plants were surveyed. Statistics including average, Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Coefficient of Reliability (COR) for each season, time series analysis for removal efficiency and water quality of effluents, and a comparison of the effluent standards in Korea and other countries were presented. The average concentrations of TN and TP in influents. during winter season were 32.6 and 3.78 mg/L and during other season were 30.8 and 3.61 mg/L in 2008, respectively. The average TN concentration on the basis of the maximum monthly concentrations in the effluents during winter season ranged from 14.2~17.4 mg/L and during other season ranged from 12.2~14.8 mg/L. The TP concentration in the effluents depending on the each season was no big difference. TN removal efficiency decreased from Jan. to Feb. and TP removal efficiency decreased in Jan., Jun and July. Maximum COR during winter season were 0.61 but the COR for TN and TP during other season ranged from 0.96~1.48 and 1.09~1.81, respectively, due to big difference in the standard for TN and TP in effluents depending on the season. TN and TP standards for effluent of sewage treatment during winter season in Korea was much higher than those in other countries. Therefore the lower effluent standards during winter season is essential for the water quality improvement.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2002

In this study, evaporation pressure drop experiments were conducted with two types of plate and shell heat exchangers (P&SHE) using R-22. An experimental refrigerant loop has been established to measure the evaporation pressure drop of R-22 in a vertical P&SHE. The flow channels were formed by stacking three plates having a corrugated channel of a chevron angle of 45 dog. The R-22 flows down in one channel exchanging heat with the hot water flowing up in the other channel. The effect of the refrigerant mass flux, average heat flux, system pressure and vapor quality were explored in detail. During the experiment, the quality change between the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant channel ranges from 0.03 to 0.15. The present data showed that two types of P&SHE have similar trends. The pressure drop in-creases with the vapor quality for both types of P&SHE. At a higher mass flux, the Pressure drop is higher for the entire range of the vapor quality. Also, the increase in the average heat flux increases the pressure drop. Finally, at a higher system pressure, the pressure drop is found to be slightly lower compared to the lower system pressure.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.120-124
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• 1995

담배 재배 기간중 기상환경요인과 잎담배 품질 등급별 생산（율）과의 관계를 구명하여 잎담배 생산성연구의 기초 자과로 이용코자 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 황색종 잎담배 고품질엽생산과 정상관의 관계식이 검정되는 기상요인은 4월하순의 강우량, 5월하순의 일조시수, 6월, 6월하순의 강우량과 일조시수, 7월중순의 평균기온이다. 2. 다음 부상관이 검정되는 기상요인은 4월하순의 최저기온, 5월중ㆍ하순의 강우량과 6월하순, 7월상순의 강우량이다. 3. 버어리종 잎담배 고품질엽생산과 정상관이 검정되는 기상요인은 4월, 5월하순의 강우량, 5월상순, 중순, 7월상순의 일조시수, 7월중순의 평균기온이다. 4. 다음 부상관이 검정되는 기상요인은 4월하순의 최저기온 5월상순, 중순의 강우량이다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2006

Purpose: This is a descriptive study to identify the relationship of quality of life and learning style of the elderly. Method: 106 elderly persons living in Seoul were surveyed using a questionnaire to identify their demographic characteristics, learning styles, and perceived quality of life. Results: 17% of the respondents were in the low quality of life (QOL). The QOL showed significantly different according to learning styles, gender, current health status, perceived level of current life happiness, and monthly pocket money. The highest average score of QOL was found in the Assimilator group, and the lowest average score was found in the Diverger group. Conclusions: Among the four categories significantly related to QOL, the case of learning style and current health status are the categories by which nurses can intervene to improve QOL. Thus, nurses should emphasize the relationship to improve the clients' QOL. Since the scores of QOL were high for the Assimilator and Accomodator groups, nurse should identify the learning style of the elderly as soon as possible and then help those who are under-developed, to further develop Assimilator and Accomodator learning styles.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1220-1227
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• 2001

The condensation pressure drop fur refrigerant R-22 flowing in the plate and shell heat exchanger were investigated experimentally in this study. Two vertical counterflow channels were formed in the exchanger by three plates of commercial geometry with a corrugated trapezoid shape of a chevron angel of $45^{\circ}$. The condensing R-22 flowing down in one channel exchanges heat with the cold water flowing up in the other channel. The effects of the mean vapor quality, mass flux, average imposed heat flux and system pressure of R-22 on the pressure drop were explored in detail. The quality change of R-22 between the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant channel ranges from 0.03 to 0.05. The present data showed that pressure drop increases with the vapor quality. At a higher mass flux, pressure drop is higher for the entire range of the vapor quality. Also, a rise in the average imposed heat flux causes an slight increase in the Pressure drop. Finally, at a higher system pressure the pressure drop is found to be slightly lower. Correlation is also provided for the measured pressure drops in terms of the friction factor.