• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권9호
• /
• pp.1353-1362
• /
• 2016

Hanwoo, a Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreana), has great economic value due to high meat quality. Also, the breed has genetic variations that are associated with production traits such as health, disease resistance, reproduction, growth as well as carcass quality. In this study, next generation sequencing technologies and the availability of an appropriate reference genome were applied to discover a large amount of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ten Hanwoo bulls. Analysis of whole-genome resequencing generated a total of 26.5 Gb data, of which 594,716,859 and 592,990,750 reads covered 98.73% and 93.79% of the bovine reference genomes of UMD 3.1 and Btau 4.6.1, respectively. In total, 2,473,884 and 2,402,997 putative SNPs were discovered, of which 1,095,922 (44.3%) and 982,674 (40.9%) novel SNPs were discovered against UMD3.1 and Btau 4.6.1, respectively. Among the SNPs, the 46,301 (UMD 3.1) and 28,613 SNPs (Btau 4.6.1) that were identified as Hanwoo-specific SNPs were included in the functional genes that may be involved in the mechanisms of milk production, tenderness, juiciness, marbling of Hanwoo beef and yellow hair. Most of the Hanwoo-specific SNPs were identified in the promoter region, suggesting that the SNPs influence differential expression of the regulated genes relative to the relevant traits. In particular, the non-synonymous (ns) SNPs found in CORIN, which is a negative regulator of Agouti, might be a causal variant to determine yellow hair of Hanwoo. Our results will provide abundant genetic sources of variation to characterize Hanwoo genetics and for subsequent breeding.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권15호
• /
• pp.5977-5982
• /
• 2014

Research over the years has progressively shown substantial broadening of the tumor necrosis factor alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated signaling landscape. Increasingly it is being realized that pancreatic cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease. Suppression of tumor suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, epigenetic silencing, and loss of apoptosis are some of the extensively studied underlying mechanisms. Rapidly accumulating in vitro and in vivo evidence has started to shed light on the resistance mechanisms in pancreatic cancer cells. More interestingly a recent research has opened new horizons of miRNA regulation by DR5 in pancreatic cancer cells. It has been shown that DR5 interacts with the core microprocessor components Drosha and DGCR8, thus impairing processing of primary let-7. Xenografting DR5 silenced pancreatic cancer cells in SCID-mice indicated that there was notable suppression of tumor growth. There is a paradigm shift in our current understanding of TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer cells that is now adding new layers of concepts into the existing scientific evidence. In this review we have attempted to provide an overview of recent advances in TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer as evidenced by findings of in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, we discuss nanotechnological advances with emphasis on PEG-TRAIL and four-arm PEG cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels to improve availability of TRAIL at target sites.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.73-79
• /
• 1988

Experiments were conducted to determine whether supplemental cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni) would prevent the signs of zinc (Zn) deficiency in chicks fed a high calcium (1.5%) corn-soybean diet and to examine the difference in $^{65}Zn$ absorption rates between inbred Ancona and crossbred New Hampshire X Single Comb White Leghorn chicks. In the initial experiment, the supplementation of 27 ppm Ni, 27 ppm Co or 54 ppm Co to a basal diet increased weight gain and reduced feather defects; 54 ppm Ni tended to increase weight gain but did not reduce feather defects. In further experiments, chicks fed the diet supplemented with 54 ppm Co usually showed increased weight gain and reduced feather defects; however, chicks fed a diet supplemented with 54 ppm Ni less frequently showed these effects. In another test, Ancona chicks fed a diet supplemented with 30 ppm Zn (except during a $^{65}Zn$ absorption study period) showed lower weight gain, more feather defects and less $^{65}Zn$ absorption than did New Hampshire X Leghorn cross chicks. Similar results were achieved with two strains of chicks fed the basal and 54 ppm Ni, 54 ppm Co or 60 ppm Zn supplemented diets. The sparing effects of Co on Zn which were commonly observed and the lesser effect of Ni or Zn were shown to be, at least in part, the result of increased availability of dietary Zn. That Ancona chicks required more Zn than New Hampshire cross chicks for the development of feathers and for growth is partly the result of decreased Zn absorption from the type of diets fed.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2009

Ever since the network-based malicious code commonly known as a 'worm' surfaced in the early part of the 1980's, its prevalence has grown more and more. The RCS (Random Constant Spreading) worm has become a dominant, malicious virus in recent computer networking circles. The worm retards the availability of an overall network by exhausting resources such as CPU capacity, network peripherals and transfer bandwidth, causing damage to an uninfected system as well as an infected system. The generation and spreading cycle of these worms progress rapidly. The existing studies to counter malicious code have studied the Microscopic Model for detecting worm generation based on some specific pattern or sign of attack, thus preventing its spread by countering the worm directly on detection. However, due to zero-day threat actualization, rapid spreading of the RCS worm and reduction of survival time, securing a security model to ensure the survivability of the network became an urgent problem that the existing solution-oriented security measures did not address. This paper analyzes the recently studied efficient dynamic network. Essentially, this paper suggests a model that dynamically controls the RCS worm using the characteristics of Power-Law and depth distribution of the delivery node, which is commonly seen in preferential growth networks. Moreover, we suggest a model that dynamically controls the spread of the worm using information about the depth distribution of delivery. We also verified via simulation that the load for each node was minimized at an optimal depth to effectively restrain the spread of the worm.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제19권
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 1975

야산개간지토양과 숙전토양을 대상으로 토양중 치환성 알미늄의 중화량에 해당하는 량의 석회를 시용한 조건과 석회를 시용하지않은 조건하에서 인산을 토양의 인산흡수계수의 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%에 상당하도록 다량시용 했을 때 용인과 중과석에 대한 대두의 반응을 조사하고, 석회시용이 2종류의 인산질비료의 비효에 어떻게 영양하는가를 구명하고자 pot에서 시험을 수행했던바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인산다량시용 및 석회시용으로 야산개간지토양의 비옥도는 당년에 크게 증대되어 작물의 생육을 양호하게 하였고 숙전 이상의 수량을 얻을수 있었다. 2. 일반적으로 비효면에서 용인이 중과석보다 우수했으며 인산질비료로서 용인을 시용할 경우 중과석 보다 높은 수준의 양을 요구했다. 3. 식물체내의 가리함유율은 토양 및 식물체중의 √Ca+Mg의 크기와 통계적으로 높은 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 4. 개간지토양에서 용인단용구 및 석회와의 병용구는 파종후 40일경까지의 생육이 부진하였는데 이는 식물체의 인산 및 가리흡수율인 낮은데 기인했던 것 같다. 5. 용인단용 및 석회와의 병용효과를 높이기 위하여 앞으로 용인과 석회의 시용적기확인 및 석회, 약토, 가리의 균형시비를 감안한 가리시용량의 증대, 작물생육초기에 용인중의 인산용출속도문제등에 관한 연구가 있어야 할 것 같다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.151-163
• /
• 2008

개방이래로 중국의 빠른 경제성장은 다양한 광물자원의 수요를 초래했다. 동시에 중국의 광물자원 생산은 가파르게 증가하였다. 이러한 중국의 증가된 광물자원 생산 및 수요는 광물 및 금속자원의 전 세계 수급에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 중국 국토자원부는 알루미늄, 구리, 망간, 우라늄 및 기타 국가 긴급수요에 필요한 광물 등을 10대 전략 광종으로 지정했다. 중국은 국가 경제발전을 위한 자원정책으로서 광물자원의 보호와 합리적 이용, 중국내 광물자원 공급규모의 확대, 자원탐사개발의 대외개방과 협력개발 확대, 광물자원 개발과 환경보호의 균형발전 도모, 광물자원 관리강화를 자원백서에서 제시하고 있다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.491-502
• /
• 2012

The world's food production systems are becoming an area of great concern for both human and ecological health. Research has identified that one of the greatest threats to sustainability is conventional industrial agricultural systems and the high energy and material cost they require to function. The organic food movement is contributing as promising alternative to the current dominant model. Over the last 50 years it has developed into the most visible brand for a healthier and more environmentally sustainable food system. However, to achieve its full potential there are still a number of hurdles which must be overcome to make organic products a more viable and appealing option for consumers. This paper provides an overview of key research that has been conducted on why consumers are buying organic products, what they are buying and what is preventing them from purchasing more. It concludes that the key challenge is for the organic food movement to convince existing consumers of the superior 'value' of its products. In addition there are a number of methodological issues associated with analysing the market for organic products as well as issues of limited distribution, intermittent availability and high prices that are currently preventing increases in sales. Recognition and management of these barriers could contribute to more effective targeted research into consumer food purchasing motivations and subsequently the development of more sophisticated marketing strategies that assist in maintaining integrity with consumers and fending off challenges from conventional as well as other complementary food systems such as local food movement. And finally to achieve these market growth strategies the organic food movement will need to cope with its diverse constituency - ranging from global corporates through to local production and consumption - and provide attractive opportunities to individuals and business at all stages in supply chain whilst retaining credibility with government to ensure ongoing policy support.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2007

소프트웨어 제품의 정확한 인도시기를 예측하거나 효용성 및 신뢰성을 예측하기 위해서는 소프트웨어 테스팅 과정에서 중요한 요소인 테스트 커버리지를 이용하면 보다 효율적인 테스팅 작업을 할 수 있다. 이런 모형을 ENHPP모형이라고 한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 소프트웨어 신뢰성 모형인 지수 커버리지 모형과 S-커버리지 모형을 재조명하고 이 분야에 적용될 수 있는 Burr 분포에 기초한 Burr 커버리지 모형을 제안하였다. 고장 간격 시간으로 구성된 자료를 이용한 모수추정 방법은 최우추정법 과 일반적인 수치해석 방법인 이분법을 사용하여 모수 추정을 실시하고 효율적인 모형 선택은 편차자승합(SSE) 및 콜모고로프 거리를 적용하여 모형들에 대한 효율적인 모형선택도 시도하였다. NTDS 자료를 사용한 임무시간 비교 분석한 결과 Burr 커버리지 모형 시행이 지수나 S-형 모형보다 우수함을 보이고 있다. 이 자료들에서 기존의 모형과 Burr 커버리지 모형의 비교를 위하여 산술적 및 라플라스 검정, 편의 검정등을 이용하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2006

It is still very difficult to generate a geometry model and finite element model, which has complex and many free surface, even though 3D CAD solutions are applied. Furthermore, in the medical field, which is a big growth area of recent years, there is no drawing. For these reasons, making a geometry model, which is used in finite element analysis, is very difficult. To resolve these problems and satisfy the requests of the need to create a 3D digital file for an object where none had existed before, new technologies are appeared recently. Among the recent technologies, there is a growing interest in the availability of fast, affordable optical range laser scanning. The development of 3D laser scan technology to obtain 3D point cloud data, made it possible to generate 3D model of complex object. To generate CAD and finite element model using point cloud data from 3D scanning, surface reconstruction applications have widely used. In the early stage, these applications have many difficulties, such as data handling, model creation time and so on. Recently developed point-based surface generation applications partly resolve these difficulties. However there are still many problems. In case of large and complex object scanning, generation of CAD and finite element model has a significant amount of working time and effort. Hence, we concerned developing a good direct finite element model generation method using point cloud's location coordinate value to save working time and obtain accurate finite element model.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2009

One of the limitations to conducting maize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using explants of immature zygotic embryos routinely is the availability of the explants. To produce immature embryos routinely and continuously requires a well-equipped greenhouse and laborious artificial pollination. To overcome this limitation, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system using explants of type II embryogenic calli was developed. Once the type II embryogenic calli are produced, they can be subcultured and/or proliferated conveniently. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate a stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize using explants of type II embryonic calli and to evaluate the efficiency of the protocol in order to develop herbicide-resistant maize. The type II embryogenic calli were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 carrying binary vector pTF102, and then were subsequently cultured on the following media: co-cultivation medium for 1 day, delay medium for 7 days, selection medium for $4{\times}14$ days, regeneration medium, and finally on germination medium. The T-DNA of the vector carried two cassettes (Ubi promoter-EPSPs ORF-nos and 35S promoter-bar ORF-nos). The EPSPs conferred resistance to glyphosate and bar conferred resistance to phosphinothricin. The confirmation of stable transformation and the efficiency of transformation was based on the resistance to phosphinothricin indicated by the growth of putative transgenic calli on selection medium amended with $4mg\;1^{-1}$ phosphinothricin, northern blot analysis of bar gene, and leaf painting assay for detection of bar gene-based herbicide resistance. Northern blot analysis and leaf painting assay confirmed the expression of bar transgenes in the $R_1$ generation. The average transformation efficiency was 0.60%. Based on northern blot analysis and leaf painting assay, line 31 was selected as an elite line of maize resistant to herbicide.