• 지능정보연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2011

웹 2.0 기술이 소개된 이후 소셜 네트워크 서비스는 미래 정보기술의 기초로서 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 이에, 웹2.0 환경에서 소셜 네트워크를 구축하기 위하여 온톨로지 기반의 사용자 프로필 기술 도구인 FOAF를 활용하기 위한 다양한 연구가 이뤄지고 있다. 그러나 FOAF를 이용하여 소셜 네트워크를 생성 및 관리하는 대부분의 방법은 시간의 흐름에 따라 변화하는 사용자의 소셜 네트워크를 자동적으로 반영하기 어려운 단점이 있으며 다양한 소셜 미디어 서비스가 제공되는 환경에서는 FOAF를 동적으로 관리하기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 FOAF를 이용한 소셜 네트워크 추출방법의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 사용자 프로파일 기술 언어인 FOAF와 웹 저작물 출판 매커니즘인 RSS를 OLAP 시스템에 적용시켜 동적으로 FOAF를 갱신하고 관리하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 수집한 FOAF와 RSS 파일들을 스타스키마로 설계된 데이터베이스에 넣어 OLAP 큐브를 생성한다. 그리고 OLAP 연산을 이용하여 사용자의 연결관계를 분석하고 FOAF에 그 결과를 반영한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 이기종 분산처리 환경 하에서 데이터의 상호호환성을 보장할 뿐만 아니라 시간의 흐름에 따른 사용자의 관심 및 이슈 등의 변화를 효과적으로 반영한다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.212-223
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 방사선치료용 선형가속기의 갠트리 회전에 따른 온-보드 영상장치(on-board imager, OBI)의 회전중심점의 위치 정확도 확인을 위해 제조사에서 제공된 고객인수시험절차서(customer accetpance procedure, CAP)상에서 명시된 방법을 비롯하여 OBI 선원 위치 $0^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;180^{\circ},\;270^{\circ}$에서 획득된 영상, 갠트리 각도 $10^{\circ}$ 간격으로 촬영된 영상, 콘빔 CT 재구성을 위한 미처리 투사영상 등에 디지털 영상처리 기법을 적용하여 자동으로 오차를 계산하는 새로 제안된 세 가지의 방법들을 각기 적용하여 그 오차를 평가하고 각 방법의 효용성에 대하여 검증하였다. 갠트리 회전에 따른 OBI 회전중심점의 오차 변화 양상 확인을 위해서는 $10^{\circ}$ 간격으로 영상 촬영 후 5차 다항식을 이용하여 조정함수(fitted function)를 구하는 방법이 적절하지만 정도관리 목적으로 최대 오차만을 구하고자 할 경우에는 $0^{\circ},\;90^{\circ},\;180^{\circ},\;270^{\circ}$ 등 네 방향에서 촬영된 영상을 이용하여 계산하는 것으로도 충분하였다. 각 방법을 적용하여 오차를 구한 결과 OBI 선원의 위치가 $90^{\circ}$부터 $180^{\circ}$ 사이일 경우 가장 크게 나타났으며 최대값은 0.44 mm였다. 또한 기간에 따른 OBI 회전중심점의 변화 양상은 최대 0.6 mm 이내로 안정적으로 유지되고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법이 주기적인 정도관리에 적용된다면 간단하면서도 비교적 정확하게 평가를 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2014

KOSPI200 선물 트레이딩을 위해 업계에서는 여러 전략으로 포트폴리오를 구성해서 운용한다. 동일한 전략 모음을 갖고 있더라도 포트폴리오를 어떻게 구성하느냐에 따라 수익은 크게 차이가 난다. 시장 상황에 맞는 전략들로 포트폴리오를 구성하는 것은 오랜 경험과 탁월한 노하우가 있어야하는 어려운 작업이다. 본 논문에서는 SVM을 활용하여 쉽고 빠르게 적절한 전략 포트폴리오를 구성하는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 시스템의 성과는 벤치마킹의 성과와 비교하여 2배 이상의 수익을 내는 것을 확인하였다. 1990.01.03~2011.11.04 동안의 KOSPI200 데이터 중 이전 80%의 데이터로 학습을 하고 최근 20%의 데이터로 성능을 시험하였다. 각 전략별로 선택여부를 판별하는 SVM모델을 만들고 그 결과를 바탕으로 포트폴리오를 구성하였다. 벤치마킹을 위해 KOSPI200 선물을 2계약 매수한 경우의 수익, 시험 시작 직전 30일간 최고 수익을 낸 2개 전략의 수익, 실제 최고 수익을 낸 전략 2개를 보유했을 때의 수익과 비교하였다. 매매 비용을 반영하지 않을 때는 벤치마킹은 132.2~510.37pt의 수익을 냈고, 본 시스템은 1072.36~1140.91pt의 수익을 보여주었다. 그리고 거래비용을 감안하면 벤치마킹은 130.44~502.41pt의 수익을 냈고, 본 시스템은 706.22pt~768.95pt의 수익을 나타내었다. 본 논문은 기계학습을 통한 전략 포트폴리오를 구성하는 방안이 유의미하며 실전에 활용할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이를 바탕으로 여러 전략과 다양한 시장에 적용해서 안정성을 검증하면 견고한 상용 솔루션으로 발전시킬 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 자금관리 기법을 더 반영한다면 수익을 더욱 크게 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.915-936
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 2016년을 기준으로 강화된 터널 방재시설 설치 및 관리지침과, 점차 강화되고 있는 터널 CCTV설치 터널등급 기준과 터널 영상유고감지 시스템의 설치 운용에 대한 요구의 증가 상황을 정리해 보고하였다. 그럼에도, 가동중인 알고리즘 기반의 터널 영상유고감시 시스템의 정상 인지율은 50%가 채 되지 않는 것으로 파악되었으며, 그에 대한 주원인은 터널 내 낮은 조도, 심한 먼지로 인한 영상 선명도 저하, 낮은 CCTV 설치위치로 인한 이동객체의 겹침현상 등으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 열악한 조건에서도 영상유고 정상 인지율을 확보할 수 있는 딥러닝 기반 영상유고감지 시스템을 개발하였으며, 이에 대한 이론적 배경 제시와 시스템의 타당성 검토 연구가 진행되었다. 개발 시스템의 타당성 검토 연구는 터널 방재시설 및 관리지침 내 영상유고감지 항목중 정지 및 역주행 차량을 감지하는 주요 정보인 차량 객체 인식과 보행자 감지를 중심으로 진행되었다. 또한, (1) 동일 터널 내에서 학습과 추론이 이루어 지는 경우와 (2) 다양한 터널의 영상 정보를 통합 학습하고, 각 터널의 영상유고감지에 투입되는 경우, 두개의 시나리오를 설정하여 타당성 검토를 진행하였다. 두 시나리오 모두 일정 시간의 학습 자료와 유사한 상황에 대해서는 열악한 터널환경과 무관하게 그 감지성능이 80% 이상으로 우수하나, 추가 학습 없이 학습된 시간 구간과 멀어질수록 그 추론 성능은 상대적으로 낮은 40% 수준으로 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, 시간이 지남에 따라 자동으로 누적되어 확장되는 영상유고 빅데이터를 반복적으로 학습함으로써, 설치된 영상유고감지 시스템의 보완이나 보정절차 없이도 자동으로 그 영상유고감지 성능이 향상될 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 강원 영동 및 경북 동부지역의 산악기상관측시스템 구축을 위한 AWS 위치선정, 네트워크 구성(관측시스템, 통신시스템, 자료처리시스템)과 특히, 산불방지를 위해 산림청과 지방자치단체가 기 설치한 산불무인감시카메라, 무선중계탑의 산악기상관측망과의 연계 구축방안과 산악기상관측망의 관리방안을 제시하였으며, 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 사항은 다음과 같다. 산지가 많은 강원도에서는 산악지형에 따른 악기상이 자주 발생하여 강원지방기상청에서는 관측망을 유지관리 하는데 고초를 겪고 있으며 강풍, 뇌전현상 등으로 장비피해를 많이 입어, 보다 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 여러 가지 방안들을 강구하여 왔다 따라서 산악지형에 관측망을 구성하기 위해서는 장비의 견고성을 최우선적으로 반영해야 한다. 전원시설은 가능한 태양전원을 권장하지만 일조량이 적은 깊은 계곡과 같은 지역에 설치가 이루어질 경우 상용전원을 사용할 수밖에 없으며 대부분 산악에서의 전원시설은 열악하여 전원 백업시설 설치를 강구해야 한다. 전원 백업시설의 효율성을 유지하기 위해서는 소비전력이 적은 시스템을 선택하여 관측자료의 손실을 최대한 방지해야만 한다. 또한 태양전원을 이용할 경우 충전과 소모량을 사전에 면밀히 검토해야 한다. 산악은 뇌전현상이 근접하고 잦기 때문에 뇌전으로부터 장비 보호시설 설치를 강구하기 위해 피뢰접지 및 장비접지 시설에 투자를 아껴서도 안 될 것이다. 뇌전으로부터의 장비 보호시설을 강구하는 것도 중요 하지만 써지에 강한 제품을 채택하는 것이 보다 중요하다고 하겠다. 자료수집에 있어서는 전원 및 통신환경을 감안하여야 하며 전체 통신망을 단일화하는 것도 간결하지만 단일 통신망만을 채택할 경우에는 한계성이 있으므로, 다양한 통신망을 이용하는 것이 자료수집의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 방법이다. 따라서 수집 통신망을 통한 기상 관측 자료를 인근 1차 수집기관을 거쳐 최종 메인 수집장치로 내부망을 따라 수집하는 것이 최선의 망 운영방법이다. 자동관측시스템(AWS) 설치 시 기존의 무인감시카메라와 무선중계탑을 최대한 활용하되 무인감시카메라 설치위치$(70\siml,245m)$와 무선중계탑의 설치위치 $(299\sim1,573m)$가 산불위험지역에 포함되어 있는지의 면밀한 검토가 요구된다. 산불 등 각종 산림재난 방지와 관련한 정보를 얻을 수 있는 자동기상관측시스템(AWS)의 설치 위치는 산불발생확률모형에서 산정된 위험지역 내에 설치하는 것이 산불발생 위험지역을 판정하는데 매우 효과적일 것으로 판단된다. 기상청과 지자체가 보유하고 있는 기상관측 장비들은 대부분 도시를 중심으로 설치 운영되고 있어 산림 또는 산악에 설치된 기상관측 장비의 수는 적은 편이다. 따라서 산림과 산악에 기상관측 장비의 보강은 필수적이다. 관측망 구성은 기상청의 관측 표준(안)을 준수하며, 설치 지점의 특성에 따라 가장 경제적인 방법을 선택하는 것이 바람직하며, 특히 장비구매 설치 시 다양한 종류의 제품을 선택하는 것은 차후 장비 관리에 어려움을 겪을 소지가 있어 가능한 우수한 제품을 선택하되 동일 제품 사용을 권장한다. 따라서 위의 망구축이 이루어져 현재 기상청이 설치 운영하고 있는 측정 장비에 의해 취득한 기상자료를 공동 활용하여 표출하면 더욱 상세한 자료의 획득과 활용이 기대되어 진다. 또한, 금번 논문에서는 산불위험지역의 격자점(15km)내에 최소한 1대의 AWS 설치방안을 제시하였지만, 금후에는 15km내에서도 능선, 계곡 등 구체적인 위치확정을 위한 선행연구가 실시되어야할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 1996

낙농 전업농의 최적 기계장치 모델을 설정하는데 필요한 자료를 수집하고자 경기도 낙농가 중 사육규모 별로 經産牛 30두 미만, 30~50두, 50두 이상 각 5농가씩 15농가를 현지 방문하였다. 작업공정별 작업방법, 노동투하시간, 작업 비용 분석자료를 조사, 분석하고 관련 자료들을 수집하여, 經産牛 30두 내외규모, 40두 내외규모, 50두 내외규모에서의 최소 작업비용 기계장치 사육체계를 설정하여 우리나라의 절반 이상 낙농가에서 이용하고 있는 繫留式 牛舍, 양동이식 착유기 중심의 관행 작업 체계와 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 관행작업체계에서는 가족 노동 1.5인 기준 년 2,700시간으로 經産牛 15두까지 사육 가능하며, 이 때 필요한 총작업비용은 734천원/년ㆍ두로 산출되었다. 2. 繫留式 牛舍에서 최소작업비용을 구한 결과 호퍼식 농후사료 급여, 워터컵 급수, 파이프 라인 착유, 반크리너 분뇨청소에서는 經産牛 28두까지 사육 가능한 것으로 나타났으며, 총작업 비용은 520천원/년ㆍ두로 산출되었다. 3. 放飼式 牛舍는 繫留式 牛舍 보다 30두 내외로 사육하는 경우에는 총작업 비용이 더 높았다. 放飼式 牛舍의 최소 작업비용체계는 1열$\times$5두식 헤링본 착유실 착유, 농후사료 자동급여, 무가온보온급수, 스키로더 분뇨청소의 체계로, 經産牛 30두까지 사육 가능한 것으로 나타났으며, 총 작업 비용은 582천원/년ㆍ두로 나타났다. 4. 放飼式 牛舍 40두 내외 규모에서의 최소 작업비용체계는 2열$\times$4두식 헤링본 착유실 착유, 농후사료자동급여, 무가온보온급수, 스크레퍼 분뇨청소 체계로, 經産牛 41두까지 사육 가능하고 작업 비용은 501천원/년ㆍ두로 나타났다. 5. 放飼式 牛舍 50두 내외 규모에서의 최소 작업비용체계는 2열$\times$3두식 탠덤 착유실, 농후사료 자동급여, 무가온 보온급수, 스크레퍼 분뇨청소체계로, 經産牛 52두까지 사육가능하고 작업 비용은 500천원/두로 나타났다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2015

GNSS 기상학은 1980년 중반 기상 분야에 활용 가능성이 제기된 후, 전 세계적으로 실용화 가능성이 입증되고 있으며, 현재 기상현업에 활용하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. GNSS 신호의 대류권 지연오차에 기반하여 산출한 가강수량은 대기 중 수증기량을 나타낸 것으로, 기후 모니터링, 기후의 변화 탐지 등 다양한 기상현상 분석에 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2014년 2월 울산에 내린 폭설현상 분석을 위해 GNSS 상시관측소와 자동기상관측장치에서 제공하는 기상관측 정보를 이용하여 가강수량을 산출하였다. 산출 과정 중 중요한 파라미터인 가중 평균 기온식은 송동섭의 모델을 적용하였다(Song, 2009a). 연구기간은 폭설이 발생한 2014년 2월과 폭설이 발생하지 않은 2013년 2월의 총 56일이다. 2014년 2월 가강수량의 평균은 11.29mm로 산출 되었으며, 폭설이 발생한 2월 9일부터 12일까지 평균 가강수량은 10.14mm로 전체 평균값보다 11.34% 낮은 값을 보였다. 폭설이 내리지 않은 2013년 2월 가강수량의 평균은 10.34mm로 2014년 평균보다 8.41% 낮은 값을 보였다. 또한 가강수량 외 AWS에서 제공하는 다른 기상인자들과 비교하여 폭설 현상에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 Magnus 경험식을 통해 산출한 포화수증기압 경우 GNSS 가강수량과 0.29의 낮은 상관성을 나타내었다. 또한 기상인자의 종류(강설, 강우)에 따라 가강수량의 증감패턴이 다르게 나타났으며, 강수량이 발생하기 평균 6.5시간 전에 가강수량 값이 급격히 증가한 후 감소하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 GNSS 가강수량 패턴분석이 강수량 전조현상 분석에 유효할 것으로 판단된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2016

딥러닝은 인공신경망(neural network)이라는 인공지능분야의 모형이 발전된 형태로서, 계층구조로 이루어진 인공신경망의 내부계층(hidden layer)이 여러 단계로 이루어진 구조이다. 딥러닝에서의 주요 모형은 합성곱신경망(convolutional neural network), 순환신경망(recurrent neural network), 그리고 심층신뢰신경망(deep belief network)의 세가지라고 할 수 있다. 그 중에서 현재 흥미로운 연구가 많이 발표되어서 관심이 집중되고 있는 모형은 지도학습(supervised learning)모형인 처음 두 개의 모형이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지도학습모형의 가중치를 최적화하는 기본적인 방법인 오류역전파 알고리즘을 살펴본 뒤에 합성곱신경망과 순환신경망의 구조와 응용사례 등을 살펴보고자 한다. 본문에서 다루지 않은 모형인 심층신뢰신경망은 아직까지는 합성곱신경망 이나 순환신경망보다는 상대적으로 주목을 덜 받고 있다. 그러나 심층신뢰신경망은 CNN이나 RNN과는 달리 비지도학습(unsupervised learning)모형이며, 사람이나 동물은 관찰을 통해서 스스로 학습한다는 점에서 궁극적으로는 비지도학습모형이 더 많이 연구되어야 할 주제가 될 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.