• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2003

삼팔면체형의 스멕타이트계 사포나이트(saponite)를 천연 광물질인 활석을 이용하여 수열법에 의해 합성하였다. 출발물질은 활석에 $Na_2$$CO_3$를 첨가하여 공기중에서 $800^{\circ}C$로 가열한 후, 화학양론적 조성에 맞게 Al($NO_3$)$_3$$.$$9H_2$O 및 Mg($NO_3$)$_2$$.$ $6H_2$O 금속염 수용액를 첨가하였고, pH는 7∼12 범위내로 $NH_4$OH 수용액에 의해 조절하여 제조하였다. 수열반응 조건은 약 1리터의 수열반응 용기에서 $230^{\circ}C$, 압력은 25∼75 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$의 범위 내에서 10∼60시간이었다. 실험결과, 반응온도 및 회전속도를 230 $^{\circ}C$와 180 rpm으로 고정시킨 수열조건 하에서 반응시간, 반응압력, pH 조건을 각각 40시간, 25kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 약 10으로 하였을 때, 그리고, 화학조성을 화학양론적 조성에 필요한 $Na_2$O의 양보다 200% 과량 추가하였을 때, 양호한 사포나이트가 합성되었다. 또한 압력을 75 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$까지 증가시켜도 결정도에 미치는 영향은 미미하였으며, 반응시간이 길수록 더 좋은 결정도를 나타냈다.

• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2020

The problems with unsorted municipal waste are always associated with disposal issues as it requires a large area for landfilling or high energy used for incineration. In recent years, an autoclaving technique has been considered a promising approach which could minimize the volume of organic waste from being directly disposed or incinerated. In this work, an attempt was done to study the saccharification potential of organic residues under elevated temperature Thermal treatment involving hot water bath was applied to treat the organic residue ranging from 60℃ to 100℃ for 30 and 60 minutes. The result obtained showed an increasing trend for the concentration of glucose and carbohydrate. However, the result for lignocellulose content which contains various component includes extractive, holocellulose, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin show variation. Based on the thermal treatment carried out, the result indicated that the trend of glucose and carbohydrate content. The highest percentage of glucose that can be obtained 978.602 ㎍/ml which could be obtained at 90℃ at 60 minutes. The carbohydrate also shows an increasing trend with 0.234 mg/ml as the highest peak achieved at 80℃ for 30 minutes treatment. However, it was found that the lignocellulose content varies with temperature and time. The statistical analysis was carried out using two-ways ANOVA shows an interaction effect between the independent variables (temperature and contact time) and the saccharification effects on the food wastes. The result shows a variation in the significant effect of independent variables on the changes in the composition of food waste.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.314-314
• /
• 2022

In the production of rice flour, wet milling is a method of milling rice after soaking it in water, and it takes a lot of time and cost from milling to drying. To overcome this problem, the floury type rice was developed for dry milling and it is known to have round starch granules, low content of damaged starch after milling, and a starch structure similar to wheat. Because of its unique properties different from normal rice, it is necessary to research on processing and characteristics of floury-type rice to expand its utility in the food industry. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare the pregelatinized floury type rice (Baromi2) by autoclave and investigate their physicochemical properties. As the heat treatment time increased, the brightness decreased from 83.8 to 76.8, however, both redness and yellowness increased from 0.57 to 4.5 and from 14.58 to 21.13, respectively. Despite of same treatment time, soaking in water (10 min) before autoclaving increased the solubility and swelling power of Baromi2 over 2 times. The peak viscosity of native Baromi2 was over 2000 RVU, on the other hand, there was a significantly decrease to less than 1000 RVU of pregelatinized Baromi2. Heat treatment without immersion caused partial gelatinization of starch, resulting that some starch granules maintaining their integrity. Whereas there were no starch granules in heat treatment with soaking in water due to complete gelatinization. This study would be helpful to the suggestion of using heat-treated floury-type rice as an intermediate material in the food industry in the future.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 1997

PURPOSE : For the reconstruction of large bone defect after tumor resection, it is possible to reuse the bone involved by tumor with some treatment to it. Several bone-reusing methods have been reported such as autoclaving, low-heat treatment(pasteurization) and intraoperative radiotherapy. We have used extracorporeally radiated autogenous bone graft for reconstruction after tumor resection, and analyzed the periods for junctional union, functional results and complications to know the indications of this method. METHODS : From Dec. 1993 to Sept. 1995, nine patients had taken autogenous bone graft with extracorporeal irradiation. Eight cases were osteosarcoma and 1 giant cell tumor. The graft sites were 5 in femur, 3 proximal tibia and 1 femur and tibia. Stage 3 was 1 case(GCT), Stage IIB 3 and Stage IIIB 5. After wide resection, surrounding soft tissue and intramedullary and extramedullary portion of the tumor were removed. Radiation was done in 5000cGy to the resected bone. Ender nails and bone cement were inserted and filled into the medulla to prevent fracture. RESULTS : Average follow-up period was 12.3(4 to 21) months. Average junctional union period in simple X-ray was 6.5 months in 4 cases. Average functional score following Enneking's criteria was 19(12-27). Complications were as follows ; condylar fractures and femur neck fracture in 4 cases, subluxation of the knee joint 3 and infection 1. Although local recurrence was detected in 1 case, the site of recurrence was not in the radiated bone but surrounding soft tissue. At final follow-up, no recurrence was found in one case(GCT), CDF 2, AWD 2, DOD 3, and died of chemotherapy related sepsis 1. CONCLUSIONS : Extracorporeally radiated bone autograft is considered to be a method for reconstruction of the large bone defect made by tumor resection, especially in the reconstruction around the joint.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 1984

These biologic test procedures are designed to test the suitability of P.V.C. made in Korea intended for parenteral preparation, which were based on the U.S. Pharmacopeia XIX "Biologic Test-Plastic Container", Official from July 1, 1975. Healthy adult human blood and rabbits weighing 2\ulcorner.2Kg were used for test materials. Sample P.V.C. were sampled from the medical equipments made in Korea randomly and Control P.V.C. were sampled from the standardized Cobe and Polystan P.V.C. tubes. P.V.C. extract was prepared from a homogeneous P.V.C. samples by incubating 60 square centimeters of the sample per 20 millimeters of sterile pyrogen-free saline at 70\ulcorner for 72 hours or autoclaving at 120\ulcorner for 1 hour. The Implantation Test was designed to evaluate the reaction of living tissue to the plastic by the method of the implantation of the Sample itself into animal tissue. The Systemic Injection Test, the Intracutaneous Test, and the remainders were designed to determine the biological response of animals to plastics by the single-dose injection of specific extracts prepared from a Sample. The results are as follows; 1.Implantation Test - No significant difference for reactions was noted between the Sample treated animal and the Control after 72 hours of implantation. 2.Systemic Toxicity Injection Test - No sign of toxicity and/or death immediately after injection and at 4, 24, 48 hours respectfully after injection. 3.Intracutaneous Test - None of the animals treated with the Sample showed a significantly greater reaction than the observed in the animals treated with Blank. 4.Pyrogen Assay-Only one animal treated with the Sample showed the maximal rise of rectal temperature about 0.2\ulcorner after 3 hours of injection, but remainders showed no change. 5.Hemolytic Index - The positive Control tube of distilled water exhibited complete hemolysis while the negative Control tube and P.V.C. extract were negative demonstrating no hemolysis. 6.Cell Morphology of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes on Stored, Heparinized Human Blood -- There was no significant difference in the morphology of either the Control or Sample extract. 7.Clotting Mechanism of Human Blood in vitro - After allowing to the P.V.C. extract at room temperature for 5 Hours and at 10\ulcorner for 24 hours, there was no appreciable difference in Prothrombin Time under these conditions. 8.Clotting Mechanism of Rabbit in vivo - At the termination of 5 days after intraperitoneal injection of the P.V.C. extract, no significant changes in Clotting Time were observed. According to the above results, it could be concluded that the P.V.C. made in Korea was acceptable for parenteral preparation, especially treated with physiologic saline and/or human blood.man blood.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.543-548
• /
• 2008

프리캐스트 제품은 소요의 강도를 단기간에 얻기 위하여 일반적으로 상압 증기양생을 실시하며, 칼슘-실리케이트의 수열합성반응을 이용할 경우 1차 양생 이후에 오토클레이브 양생이라는 2차 양생도 실시하고 있다. 여기에서 제품의 강도발현에 커다란 영향을 미치는 양생 방법의 경우, 2차 양생 방법에 대한 연구는 각종 연구로 부터 수열반응에 적합한 조건이 구명되는 등 많은 연구가 수행되었으나, 1차 양생 방법에 대한 검토는 아직 미비한 실정이며 생산업체별로 양생 방식을 달리하여 제품을 생산하고 있어 제품의 소요강도 획득에 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수열합성 경화체에 있어서 보다 높은 강도를 얻기 위한 1차 양생 방법에 대한 자료를 얻고자 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 즉 수열합성 경화체에 있어서 1차 양생 방법을 건식과 건/습식 그리고 습식으로 실시한 후에 각각의 시험체에 대하여 수화특성을 알아보기 위하여 SEM, XRD, DT-TGA 및 porosimeter 시험을 실시하였으며, 강도 특성을 알아보기 위하여 압축강도 시험을 실시하였다. 측정 결과, 1차, 2차 양생 후 각 양생조건에 따른 시험체의 압축강도는 건/습식 양생조건이 강도발현에 유리한 것으로 나타났으며, 그 차이는 크지 않은 것을 알 수 있었다. 수화도 분석을 위한 SEM, XRD 및 DT-TGA의 측정 결과, 건/습식 양생조건의 경우가 건식과 습식 양생조건에 비해 가장 많이 수화가 진행된 것을 알 수 있었고, porosimeter의 측정 결과에 있어서도 건/습식 양생조건이 강도특성에 유리한 공극특성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.158-163
• /
• 2000

참치 통조림 부산물인 자숙 가다랑어뼈를 칼슘제로 이용하기 위하여 칼슘추출조건 (추출방법 및 시간) 및 그 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 다량의 지질이 혼재한 자숙 가다랑어뼈로부터 칼슘제로 제조하기 위한 추출방법으로는 회화처리가 고온가압처리 및 진탕 처리보다 어취가 없으면서 백색을 나타내어 적절하였고, 백색도 및 칼슘 가용화율로 미루어 회화처리 최적조건은 $900{\circ}C, 15분$이었다. 최적조건에서 회화처리한 칼슘제의 응집은 진탕시간이 경과할수록 증가하여 16시간에 $86.1{\%}$로 최고에 달하였고, 용액 pH가 산성조건 (pH 2-5)에서는 거의 일어나지 않았으나, 중성조건 (pH 6-8)에서 급격히 증가하여 최대에 이르렀고, 알칼리조건 (pH 9-11)에서는 중성조건과 거의 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 최적조건에서 처리한 칼슘제의 경우도 중성부근에서는 가용화율이 낮아 기능성 개선제 또는 고차 수산가공품의 탄력 증강 등과 같은 품질개선제로 이용되기 위하여는 용해도 개선을 위한 적절한 처리가 시도되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권8호
• /
• pp.1221-1226
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 마늘의 기능성분인 S-allyl-L-cysteine(SAC) 분석법을 검증하고 조리방법에 따른 마늘의 SAC 함량을 분석하였다. SAC 분석법의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 특이성, 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계, 정밀성 및 정확성을 평가하였다. SAC 표준물질과 마늘 추출물을 유도체화시킨 후 fluorescence detector로 분석한 결과 동일한 머무름 시간을 갖는 단일 피크를 확인하였다. 직선성은 상관계수 값이 0.9999였으며, 검출한계는 $0.15{\mu}g/mL$, 정량한계는 $0.47{\mu}g/mL$, 정밀성의 상대표준편차는 5% 이하, 정확성인 회수율은 95% 이상으로 우수하였다. 생마늘의 SAC 함량은 2.77 mg/g이었으며, 데치기와 전자레인지 처리는 조리 수준에 따라 SAC 함량에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 삶기와 고압멸균처리 시 조리시간이 증가함에 따라 SAC 함량은 증가하였고, 특히 $121^{\circ}C$에서 60분 고온고압처리 할 경우 50.24 mg/g으로 증가하였다.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국미생물생명공학회 2001년도 Proceedings of 2001 International Symposium
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 2001

To investigate the mode of bactericidal action for antimicrobial peptide, pediocin, synthetic and mutant pediocins were prepared by direct chemical synthesis. Native pediocin was purified from Pedio-coccus acidilactici M and its conformational structure and bactericidal functions were analyzed and compared to synthetic pediocin. Schematic mode of pediocin actions, how pediocin binds on the target cell membrane, penetrates and makes tunnel are proposed. For these purposes, primary and secondary structures of pediocin was analyzed and disulfide bond assignment was also done. The pediocin purified from P. acidilactici M had high effective bactericidal ability against gram positive bacteria, especially Listeria monocytogenes and was very stable at extreme pHs and even at high temperatures such as autoclaving temperature (121$^{\circ}C$). Pediocin was consisted of 44 amino acids with four cysteines. Novel synthetic peptides were achieved by solid phase peptide synthesis(SPPS) method. To explain the function of cysteine in C-terminal region, mutant pediocin, Ped[C24A＋C44A], was synthesized and their structural and biological functions were analyzed. Second mutant pediocin, Ped[KllE], was prepared to explain the function of lysine at 11 of N-terminal part of pediocin, especially loop of $\beta$-sheet, and to predict the initial binding site of pediocin. The native and synthetic pediocins was showed random coil conformation by spectropolarimetry in moderate conditions. This conformation was observed in extreme conditions such as high temperature and low and high pHs, also. Circular dichroism(CD) data also showed the existence of $\beta$-turn structure in N-terminal part both native and synthetic pediocins. A structural model for pediocin predicts that 18 amino acids in the N-terminal part of the peptide assume a three-strand $\beta$-sheet conformation. This random coil in C-terminal part of pediocin was converted to folding structure, helix structure, in nonpolar solvents such as alcohol and TFE. The disulfide bond between $^{9}$ Cys and $^{14}$ Cys was concrete and inevitable, however, evidences of disulfide bond between $^{24}$ Cys and $^{44}$ Cys was not. Data of Ped[C24A＋C44A], pediocin mutant showed that $^{44}$ Cys was required during killing the target cells but not inevitable, since Ped[C24A＋C44A] still have bactericidal activity but much less than native pediocin. Another pediocin mutant, Ped[KllE], had still bactericidal activity, was controversial to propose that positive charge like as $^{11}$ Lys in loop or hinge in bacteriocin bound or helped to binding to microorganism with electrostatic interaction between cell membrane especially teichoic acid and positive amino acid nonspecifically. The conformation of pediocin among native, synthetic and mutant pediocins did not show big difference. The conformations between oxidized and reduced pediocin were almost similar regardless of native or synthetic.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.312-316
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 탕액에 존재하는 제랄레논의 분석을 위한 HPLC법을 확립하고 탕액조제 시 한약재로부터의 제랄레논 이행률을 조사하였다. 한약재 (괄루인, 두충, 복분자)에 제랄레논을 임의의 농도로 오염시켜 수침 및 비수침 과정을 거친 후 상압가열 ($100^{\circ}C$, 3 h)과 고압가열 ($121^{\circ}C$, 1 h)하여 탕액을 조제한 다음 탕액과 한약재 잔류물로 분리하고 immunoaffinity column으로 정제하여 분석에 사용하였다. 가열처리를 하지 않은 탕액 제조 전 원료 한약재에 대한 회수율은 괄루인 83.7-95.5%, 두충 81.9-99.7%, 복분자 79.1-82.3%로 분석에 이용이 가능한 것으로 확인되었고, 3종의 한약재 중 회수율이 가장 좋은 두충을 선택하여 탕액을 조제한 후 탕액과 한약재 잔류물에 대한 회수율 측정한 결과 탕액에서는 68.4-83.7%, 한약재 잔류물에서는 72.9-80.3%로 원재료 보다는 낮은 수준으로 확인되었다. 한약재에서 탕액으로 제랄레논의 이행률은 한약재 원재료에 제랄레논을 임의의 농도로 오염시킨 후 탕액을 조제하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과 탕액에서는 제랄레논이 검출되지 않았고, 괄루인과 복분자 잔류물에서는 수침 시료의 경우 17.04-22.99%, 비수침 시료의 경우 10.17-18.33%의 제랄레논이 검출되었다. 그리고 두충 잔류물에서는 수침 시료의 경우 10.44-17.16%, 비수침 시료의 경우 12.42-17.75%가 검출되었다. 본 연구에서는 탕액에서 제랄레논이 검출되지 않아 이행률은 낮은 것으로 판단되나 보다 탕액 조제과정 중 첨가물에 의해 이행이 일어날 수 있는 가능성은 여전히 존재하기 때문에, 제랄레논을 포함한 곰팡이독소에 안전한 한약재의 확보를 위한 지속적인 노력이 필요하다. 또한, 유통 중인 한약재를 포함하여 조제포장되어 판매되는 탕액에 대해서도 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.