• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.288-292
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• 2001

A 3-year-old, 4.0 kg, intact male shih-tzu dog with anorexia, depression, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea, tachycardia was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Autoagglutination was observed by naked eye when blood was collected in an EDTA-tube and many spherocytes were found on a Diff-Quik stained blood smear. PCV was 6% and indirect bilirubin was increased markedly. So the immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was diagnosed. Autoagglutination was too severe to perform cross-matching test. Blood was not transfused as it might accelerate or precipitate hemolytic crisis, and regeneration of erythrocytes was very good. Thus corticosteroid of immunosuppressive dose and fluid were administered and PCV was monitored. Although blood was not transfused, PCV increased from 6 to 15.9% in a day and to 30% 7 days later. Therapy for liver was concurrently conducted because liver enzyme activities were high. Corticosteroid tappering therapy was conducted for 75 days and PCV was recovered to 46% after 4 months form start of the treatment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.486-491
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• 2001

The pathogenicity for one hundred strains of domestic and foreign Y. enterocolitica was tested with HEp-2 cell invasion method as a reference. The serotyping, biotyping, PCR and esculin hydrolyis, salicin fermentation, pyrazinamidase activity, indole production, xylose fermentation, CRMOX and autoagglutination were compared to determine the possibility of pathogenic detection method. According to the test results, serotyping was limited to verify pathogenicity, however, biotyping was quite related to pathogenicity up to 99%. The biotype 1A strains were non-pathogenic, while all strains of biotype $1B{\sim}4$ showed pathogenicity with the exception of one strain belonged to type 1B. The esculin and salicin test results were completely close and correlated to pathogenicity up to 99%. The HEp-2 cell invasion and pyrazinamidase test were related to pathogenicity by 95%. Biochemical tests such as D-xylose fermentation, CRMOX agar test and autoagglutination in broth were effective as a support test. It is strongly recommended that sequencial esculin test and PCR test could be done to verify pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica as the easiest and accurate procedure.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 1988

In order to investigate the virulence of Y. enterocolitica isolated in Korea, all necessary experiments were done including several virulence determinating tests-autoagglutination test, calcium-dependency test, HeLa cell invasion test, Sereny test, crystal violet binding test, and electrophoresis for plasmid pattern. The obtained results are as follows: The virulent strains of Y. enterocolitica revealed positive reactions on autoagglutination test, cacium-dependency test, and drystal violet binding test, while the avirulent strains did not. A positive reaction was observed only at $37^{\circ}C$ implying that the expression of virulence is temperature-dependent. In Sereny test, the standard reference virulent strain (serotype 0:8) showed positive reactions while the virylent experimental strains (serotype 1:3, 0:9) revealed negative results, which indicates that the virulence of Y. enterocolitica in experimental animals varied according to their serotypes. Most of the virulent strains contained 36-38Mdal plasmids, but the avirulent strains did not. In addition, it was noted that autoagglutination, calcium-dependency, and crystal violet binding were related to the presence of plasmids.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.203-207
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• 2008

A 3-year-old spayed female Persian feline with non regenerative anemia showed persistent autoagglutination in EDTA anticoagulated blood. Primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) was suspected and the underlying causes for IMHA were excluded by radiologic, sonographic, serologic and molecular studies. Cytologic examination of the bone marrow revealed that dysmyelopoiesis and dysplastic changes were prominent in the erythroid cells. These changes included asynchronous maturation of the nucleus and cytoplasm, binucleation, trinucleation, fragmented or lobulated nuclei and multilineages. Mild dysgranulopoiesis and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis were also detected including pseudo Pelger-Huet anomalies, giant band neutrophils, asynchronous maturation of the nucleus and cytoplasm in granulopoiesis and large hypolobulated forms as well as dwarf megakaryocytes in megakaryocytopoiesis. Myelodysplastic syndrome and congenital dysmyelopoiesis was ruled out by the low number of blast cells. Finally, secondary dysmyelopoiesis associated with IMHA was diagnosed and immunosuppressive treatment was successfully responsive.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.181-194
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• 1992

Two hundred and eighty nine strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from healthy pigs were tested for the presence of 40~50 Megadalton virulence-associated plasmids and plasmidmediated in vitro virulence-associated properties, i.e., congo red uptake, calcium dependency, autoagglutination, CRMOX reaction, crystal violet binding and pyrazinamidase reaction. The correlationships between in vitro virulence-associated properties and the presence of 220 Kdalton outer membrane protein(OMP) were examined in strains with or without virulence-associated plasmids. The correlationships between the presence of plasmids on the production of the OMP and the expression of in vitro virulence-associated properties were studied with $CRMOX^+$ strains and acridine orangecured $CRMOX^-$ mutants. The results were as follows : 1. Of the in vitro virulence-associated tests with 289 strains of Y enterocolitica, 275 strains (95.2%) were positive for pyrazinamidase test, and followed by in order of crystal violet binding test, 226 (79.2% ) ; CRMOX test, 190 (65.7%) ; autoagglutination test, 1.85(64.0%) : calcium dependency test, 86 (29.8%) and congo red uptake test, 47(16.3%). 2. The correlationship between autoagglutination and CRMOX test(r=0.90) was highly significant (p<0.01). 3. In 190 strains(65.7%) bearing the virulence-associated plasmids(MW 40~50 Mdalton), the correlation between the presence of plasmids and their in vitro virulence-associated properties were highest with CRMOX test(r=0.93) and followed by in orders of AAG test(0.81), CV test(0.46), PYZ test(0.37) and CD test(0.18), but no correlationship between the presence of plasmids and CR test(-0.11). 4. The $CRMOX^+$ strains produced the 220 Kdalton OMP when they were cultured at $37^{\circ}C$, but not at $26^{\circ}C$. The presence of 220 Kdalton OMP was correlated significantly with in vitro virulence properties and the presence of virulence-associated plasmid, respectively. 5. In the isogenic $CRMOX^-$ mutant strains, of which plasmid were cured by treatment with acridine orange not only in vitro virulence-associated properties(CR 100%, CD 100%, AAG 82.6%, CV 58.3%) disappeared but also 220 Kdalton OMP(100%) was not produced. These results indicate that the positive CRMOX reaction is plasmid-mediated and the CRMOX test is potential as an in vitro virulence tests with Y enterocolitica.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 1991

The present study was conducted to investigate the biochemical properties, pathogenicity, antimicrobial test, and serotype of E-coli isolated from slaughtered cattle during the period from March 1991 to May 1991. 1. A total of 12 E-coli isolates were isolated from 132 bile juice of slaughtered cattle. 2. All isolates were resistant to Erythromycin, Cephalothin, Neomycin and Lincomycin while the majority of them were susceptible to Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazol (67%), Chloramphenicol(58％), Gentamicin(58%), Ampicillin(17%), Kanamycin(9%) and Tetracycline (9%). 3. In the test of colicinogenecity and congo-red binding capability, 4(33%) isolates produced colicin, all isolates were congo-red negative. 4. The serotypes of isolated E-coli were identified as 008： K- (2 strain), 015： K- (1 strain), 08： K87： K88ab(1 strain), 0139： Kl2(1 strain), 0147: K89(1 strain), others(6 strains ) were autoagglutination.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.28.1-28.5
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• 2023

A 10-year-old spayed female Maltese presented with purpura and hematemesis. Initial laboratory evaluation revealed immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, but evidence of hemolytic anemia was not identified. Three milligrams of human intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) was administered for 3 hours following prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. A pale mucous membrane was identified, and the packed cell volume decreased by 3%. Blood film examination revealed significant spherocytosis with auto-agglutination. Blood transfusions and immunosuppression were continued for 4 days, and hIVIG was discontinued. This report describes a case of increased immune-mediated hemolysis after hIVIG administration, possibly due to new-onset immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or enhanced immunogenicity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 2020

Cytauxzoonosis is caused by Cytauxzoon felis (C. felis) in wild and domestic cats. However, cytauxzoonosis is uncommon in Asia. Additionally, clinical reports of C. felis infection along with associated complications are rare. A seven-year-old neutered male Maine Coon cat was presented with acute dyspnea and lethargy despite the absence of a history of overseas travel. Mild regenerative anemia and autoagglutination were detected in hematological investigations. The parasitic and viral PCR assays revealed infection with C. felis and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Thoracic radiographs showed pleural effusion with secondary bacterial infection. Ultimately, a diagnosis of infection-induced secondary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and pyothorax was established. The cat was treated with a combination of atovaquone, prednisolone, and cyclosporine over 6 months and the final treatment was completed 8 months after initiation of therapy. This is the first report of its kind demonstrating successful management of feline IMHA and fatal pyothorax induced by FIV and C. felis in South Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.288-293
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• 2023

A 11-year-old neutered male Maltese dog was vaccinated with a rabies vaccine (Rabisin^®, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Germany) subcutaneously at a local animal hospital. One hour after vaccination, purpura with edema was observed at the injection site and severe thrombocytopenia (0 K/μL) was noted on a complete blood count (CBC). No specific findings were found in serum chemistry, electrolyte, blood gas analysis, and coagulation tests. The patient was hospitalized and administered antihemorrhagic agents (vitamin K, desmopressin), antihistamines (chlorpheniramine) and corticosteroids (methylprednisolone sodium succinate). On a repeat CBC, mild anemia had developed, thrombocytopenia was still noted, and autoagglutination was observed on a saline agglutination test (SAT). A polymerase chain reaction panel for infectious agents (e.g., Babesia spp.) was negative. The diagnosis was secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) associated with vaccination. Therefore, the immunosuppressants (prednisolone, and mycophenolate mofetil) were administered. Six days after drug administration, new lesion was not observed, and the previous lesions were significantly improved. It gradually improved and 4 weeks after hematocrit and platelet recovered to normal levels. It was maintained for 6 months without recurrence of related symptoms. Based on patient's history and test results, the patient was diagnosed with Evans' syndrome associated with rabies vaccine.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 1985

Seventy-one strains collected from Korea were classified into three serovars (designated A, B-I and B-II) by using agar gel diffusion test with the antisera produced against Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae isolates Q7472 and Q7502. Of 71 isolates tested, 65 isolates belonged to serovar A, 5 isolates were serovar B-I, and one isolate was serovar B-II. The isolates of serovar B-I and B-II could be distinguished clearly from those of serovar A showing marked autoagglutination. Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae was serologically diagnosed in rice leaves by agar gel diffusion tests, possibly being distinguished from Xanthomonas campestris pv. olyzicola and E. herbicola. The pathogen could be also serologically detected from the extracts of diseased leaves, squeezed immediately, heated at $100^{\circ}C$ or incubated in PSA. Serological detection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae is a more reliable and less time-comsuming method.