• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to improve the method for determining the position of the center of gravity for agricultural tractors. Methods: The proposed method uses trigonometric functions and coordinate transformation. Data were measured according to the ISO 789-6 test procedures for the center of gravity of agricultural tractors. The height calculated using the proposed method was compared with that determined from an AutoCAD drawing. To find the center of gravity of the tractor, the algorithm for finding the intersection of the two lines was used. Results: The vertical height from the ground to the center of gravity is 682.06 mm. The vertical coordinates obtained from the calculation and the drawing were the same. Conclusions: The developed method uses trigonometric and polar coordinate transformation. The method was compared and verified with the AutoCAD drawing results. The results indicate that users can apply this developed method instead of the plotting method which is an inconvenient and time-consuming. Further, users can program Microsoft Excel to easily determine the vertical coordinate. In addition, researchers will propose this method to the ISO as a standard method for determining the center of gravity in accordance with ISO 789-6.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2007

In the context of auto-landing containers from a container ship to a truck or automatic guided vehicle and vice versa, this research investigates three schemes, one in Part I and two in Part II, for measuring the absolute position of a container. Coordinate transformations between the reference-coordinate, sensor-coordinate, and body-coordinate systems are briefly discussed. The scheme explored in Part I aims the use of three laser-slit sensors, which are relatively inexpensive. In this case, nine nonlinear equations are formulated for six unknown variables (three for orientation and three for position), so a closed-form solution is not available. Instead, an approximate solution through linearization was derived. An advantage of the method in Part I is its ability to measure an absolute position in 3D space, while a disadvantage is the computation time required to obtain pseudo-inverses and the approximate nature of the obtained solution. Numerical examples are provided.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제15권11호
• /
• pp.1122-1129
• /
• 2009

Recently taping robot with smart recognition function have been studied in the coil manufacturing field. Due to the difficulty of 3D surface processing from the complicated working environment, it is not easy to accomplish smart tape attachment motion with non-contact sensor. To solve these problems the applicable surface recognition algorithm and a flexible sensing device has been recommended. In this research, the fusion method between 1D displacement and 3D laser scanner is applied for robust tape attachment about cold rolled coil. With these sensors we develop a two-step exploration and the smart algorithm for the awareness of non-aligned coil's information. In the proposed robot system for tape attachment, the problem is reduced to coil's radius searching with laser displacement sensor at first, and then position and orientation detection with 3D laser scanner. To get the movement at the robot's base frame, the hand-eye compensation between robot's end effector and sensing device should be also carried out respectively. In this paper, we examine the auto-coordinate transformation method in the calibration step for the real environment usage. From the experimental results, it was shown that the taping motion of robot had a robust under the non-aligned cold rolled coil.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.168-169
• /
• 2022

In this study, we investigates the auto-berthing problem for the underactuated surface vessel in the presence of constraints of dynamic uncertainties, finite time, transmission load, and environmental disturbance. A novel control scheme is proposed by fusing the finite time control technology and the event-triggered input algorithm. In the algorithm, differential homeomorphism coordinate the transformation is used to solve the problem of underactuation. Then, we apply the finite time technology and event triggered to save the time of the berthing vessel and relieve transmission burden between the controller and the vessel respectively. Moreover, a radial basis function network is used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions, and minimum learning parameters are introduced to lessen the computational complexity. A sufficient effort has been made to verify the stability of the closed-loop system based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulation results display the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 1996

This paper describes interactive computer procedures for design the forming sequences in cold forging. This system is implemented on the personal computer and its environment is a commercial AutoCAD system. The programming language. AutoLISP, was used for the configuration of the system. Since the process of metal forming can be considered as a transformation of geometry, treatment of the geometry of the part is a key in process planning. To recognize the part section geometry, the section entity representation, the section coordinate-redius representation and the section primitive geometru were adopted. This system includes six major modules such as input module, forging design module, forming sequence design module, die design module, FEM verification module and output module which are used independently or in all. The sequence drawing wigh all dimensions, which includes the dimensional tolerances and the proper sequence of operations, can generate under the environment of AutoCAD. The acceptable forming sequences can be verified further, using the FE simulation.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2023

In this study, two-dimensional location of crops for auto weeding was detected using deep learning. To construct a dataset for soybean detection, an image-capturing system was developed using a mono camera and single-board computer and the system was mounted on a weeding robot to collect soybean images. A dataset was constructed by extracting RoI (region of interest) from the raw image and each sample was labeled with soybean and the background for classification learning. The deep learning model consisted of four convolutional layers and was trained with a weakly supervised learning method that can provide object localization only using image-level labeling. Localization of the soybean area can be visualized via CAM and the two-dimensional position of the soybean was estimated by clustering the pixels associated with the soybean area and transforming the pixel coordinates to world coordinates. The actual position, which is determined manually as pixel coordinates in the image was evaluated and performances were 6.6(X-axis), 5.1(Y-axis) and 1.2(X-axis), 2.2(Y-axis) for MSE and RMSE about world coordinates, respectively. From the results, we confirmed that the center position of the soybean area derived through deep learning was sufficient for use in automatic weeding systems.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.117-131
• /
• 2007

최근 지형공간정보의 활용분야가 증가하면서 건축물 내부 공간구축에 있어서 더욱 현실화된 다양한 정보의 필요성이 증대되고 있으며, 건축물 대장 및 설계도면은 효과적인 건축물의 공간 모델링에 활용되고 있다. 건축물의 실감적 3차원 시각화는 컴퓨터 그래픽 분야에 속하는 기술이지만, 시각화와 더불어 건축물의 외부 및 내부에 대한 정보생성과 공간분석을 위해서는 GIS의 다양한 기능이 요구된다. GIS에서 건축물 내부의 3차원 시각화 및 공간분석을 위해서 데이터베이스(database) 구축과정에 많은 작업이 요구되며, 건축물 설계 CAD 도면의 레이어(layer)를 편집하는 등의 전처리 과정과 CAD 도면의 좌표를 지상좌표로 변환하는 georeferencing 과정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 건축물 내부공간을 상세하게 구축하기 위하여 CAD 도면을 이용하였고, CAD 도면을 효율적으로 편집하기 위하여 AutoCAD VBA를 이용하여 자동화를 추구하였다. 또한, GIS의 주요기능인 공간분석을 위하여 topology를 생성하였으며, CAD 도면상의 건축물을 지상좌표로 변환하기 위하여 georeferencing을 수행하였다. 3차원 건축물 데이터베이스 구축공정을 제시하고, Georferencing 결과의 정확도를 분석하기 위하여 수치지도와 GPS 측량 자료를 이용하였다. 이와 같이 구축된 건축물 모델을 이용하여 3차원 시각화 모델을 생성하였으며, 수치지도를 기준으로 georeferencing 결과를 이용하여 건축물 내부와 건축물 간의 이동경로 설정을 위한 네트워크 모델을 생성하였다.