• 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2004

An auditory-perceptual evaluation has long been utilized in assessing dysarthric speech. The process involves subjective judgement and the results might vary depending on clinical experiences or training of listeners. This study aimed to investigate reliability of the auditory-perceptual evaluation of 22 multi -dimensional variables on 6 patients with Parkinsonian speech disorders. Listeners were divided into two groups: one consisted of 6 speech therapists with clinical experiences for three years or more, and the other 6 graduate students without any previous clinical background. The results showed that the former evaluated dysarthric speech with higher inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities than the latter. Furthermore, such speech variables as 'precise consonant: 'speech intelligibility: and 'SMR regularity' were more influenced than others by clinical experiences. We, therefore, postulated that a reliable auditory-perceptual evaluation of dysarthric speech may require adequate amount of clinical training of listeners.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

Diplophonia is generally defined as the perception of more than one fundamental frequency component in a voice. Its perceptual aspect has traditionally been used to evaluate diplophonia because the perceptions can be easily evaluated, but there are limitations in the validity of the reliability of the intra- and inter-raters, examination situation, and variation of voice sample. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to confirm the reliability and accuracy of auditory perceptual evaluation by comparing non-invasive indirect assessment methods (sound waveform and EGG analysis), and to identify their usefulness with diplophonia. A total of 28 diplophonic voices and 39 non-periodic voices were assessed. Three raters assessed the diplophonia by performing an auditory perception evaluation and identifying the quasi-periodic perturbations of the acoustic waveform and EGG. Among the three discrimination methods, intra- and inter-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were examined, and the McNemar test was performed to compare the discriminant agreement. The accuracy of the auditory perceptual evaluation (86.57%) was not significantly different from that of sound waveform acoustic (88.06%), but it was significantly different from that of EGG (83.33%). The reading time (6.02 s) for the auditory perceptual evaluation was significantly different from that for sound waveform analysis (30.15 s) and EGG analysis (16.41 s). In the discrimination of diplophonia, auditory perceptual evaluation has sufficient reliability and accuracy as compared to sound waveform and EGG. Since immediate feedback is possible, auditory perceptual evaluation is more convenient. Therefore, it can continue to be used as a tool to discriminate diplophonia in clinical practice.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2021

The auditory-perceptual evaluation of speech-language pathologists (SLP) in patients with voice disorders is often regarded as a touchstone in the multi-dimensional voice evaluation procedures and provides important information not available in other assessment modalities. Therefore, it is necessary for the SLPs to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth evaluation of not only voice but also the overall speech production mechanism, and they often encounter various difficulties in the evaluation process. In addition, SLPs should strive to avoid bias during the evaluation process and to maintain a wide and constant spectrum of severity for each parameter of voice quality. Lastly, it is very important for the SLPs to perform a team approach by documenting and delivering important information pertaining to auditory-perceptual characteristics in an appropriate and efficient way through close communication with the laryngologists.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2006

Perceptual judgement method is frequently used in evaluating dysarthric speech. Although most of speech pathologists and researchers focus on the 38 perceptual features provided by Darley, Aronson & Brown(1969) during evaluation, there are additional characteristics that may be useful to describe dysarthria in literature. We reviewed previous dysarthria literature and selected 46 perceptual characteristics that could be examined at various subsystems of speech production. We also provided explanations and rationale for the rating method for each of the perceptual characteristics. This attempt might aid to offer a basic ground for developing a diagnostic tool of dysarthria.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2009

This study was to investigate for comparison between single rating and average ratings from multiple presentations of the same stimulus for measuring the voice quality of dysphonia using 7-point equal-appearing interval (EAI) rating scale. Overall severity of voice quality for 46 /a/ vowel stimuli (23 stimuli from dysphonia, 23 stimuli from control) was rated by 3 experienced speech-language pathologists (averaged 19 years; range = 7 to 40 years). For average ratings, each stimulus was rated five times in random order and averaged from two to five times. Although higher inter-rater reliability was found in average ratings than in single rating, there were no significant differences in rating scores between single and multiple average ratings judged by experienced listeners, suggesting that auditory perceptual ratings judged by well-trained listeners have relatively good agreement with the same stimulus across the judgment. Larger variations in perceptual ratings were observed for moderate voices than for mild or severe voices, even in the average ratings.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 북한이탈주민집단과 한국인집단의 운율특성을 비교하기 위하여 읽기과제(짧은글, 대화글)에서 3가지 문장 유형(평서문, 의문문, 부정문)에 따른 집단 간 음도범위와 청지각적 평가 결과의 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 또한, 북한이탈주민집단의 읽기과제의 3가지 문장 유형('평서문', '의문문', '부정문')의 청지각적 평가 결과와 북한이탈주민집단의 억양 자기평가 설문지의 4가지 하위유형('한국어지향도', '핸디캡정도', '한국어비유사성', '억양불만족정도')과의 상관을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 북한이탈주민집단 총 15명(여 11, 남 4)과 한국인집단 총 15명(여 11, 남 4)이다. 음향학적 평가에서 집단 간 읽기과제의 문장유형에 따른 차이를 확인하기 위해 삼원분산분석(three-way mixed ANOVA), 다변량분석(multivariate analysis)을 실시하였고, 청지각적 측면에 대한 분석방법으로는 비모수통계인 Mann-Whitney U Test를 사용하였다. 북한이탈주민의 억양자기평가 설문지의 하위유형 4개와 청지각적 평가의 하위유형 6가지('짧은글평서문', '짧은글의문문', '짧은글부정문', '대화글평서문', '대화글의문문', '대화글부정문')의 상관관계를 확인하기 위해 피어슨의 적률상관계수(Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient)를 산출하였다. 그 결과, 읽기과제의 모든 문장유형에서 북한이탈주민집단보다 한국인집단의 음도범위가 유의미하게 컸다. 두 번째로 집단 간 읽기과제에서 3가지 문장유형에 따른 청지각적 평가 결과, 모든 문장 유형에서 한국인집단에 비해 북한이탈주민집단의 청지각적 평가 점수가 유의미하게 낮았으며, '의문문'유형에서 점수가 가장 낮았다. 마지막으로 북한이탈주민집단의 읽기과제의 3가지 문장 유형의 청지각적 평가 결과와 억양자기평가 설문지의 하위유형간의 상관을 살펴본 결과, 설문지의 4가지 하위유형 중 '한국어지향도', '핸디캡정도', '한국어비유사성'과 3가지 문장 유형 중 '의문문'에서 유의한 상관이 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해, 북한이탈주민집단과 한국인집단의 읽기과제에서의 문장유형에 따른 음성이 청지각적으로, 음향학적으로 차이를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 한국어를 지향하고, 자신의 억양으로 인한 핸디캡이 높고, 자신의 억양이 한국어와 다르다고 생각하는 북한이탈주민일수록, '의문문'에서 가장 서울말에 가깝게 말하는 것으로 평가되었음을 알 수 있다.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2004

An auditory-perceptual rating scale has long been utilized in an evaluation procedure of Parkinsonian speech. This study attempted to investigate various variables and appropriate equal-interval rating scale for each variable. We collected speech samples from 27 patients with Parkinsonian speech disorders. A total of 25 variables and descriptions for each variable across phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory dimensions were included in the rating scale. The descriptive parts of each variable could increase the objectivity of the rating scale.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 정상 집단과 성대결절 집단의 음성을 음향학적 측정(AVQI), 청지각적 평가(GRBAS, CAPE-V)를 수행하여 그 차이와 상관관계를 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 성대결절 환자 335명의 음성 샘플을 음향학적으로 분석하고, 3명의 평가자를 통해서 청지각적 평가를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 정상 집단의 AVQI, grade(G), overall severity(OS) 점수는 성대결절 집단의 점수보다 낮게 평가되었다. 청지각적 척도간의 상관관계에서는 GRBAS의 G 척도와 CAPE-V의 OS 척도는 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 음향학적 측정 AVQI와 G, OS 간의 상관관계도 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 두 집단 간의 AVQI, G, OS를 감별하는 역치값은 각각 ${\leq}4.06$, ${\leq}1$, ${\leq}26$ 였으며, 예측진단력은 0.840, 0.860,0.848이었다. 결론적으로 AVQI와 청지각적 평가를 통하여 성대결절 음성에 대한 선별 가능성을 높일 수 있고, 음성장애의 진단 및 치료 계획수립에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the acoustic characteristics of Parkinsonian speech, with respect to different utterance conditions, by employing acoustic/auditory-perceptual analysis. The subjects of the study were 15 patients (M=7, F=8) with Parkinson's disease who were asked to read out sentences under different utterance conditions (clear/casual). The sentences read out by each subject were recorded, and the recorded speech was subjected to cepstrum and spectrum analysis using Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV). Additionally, auditory-perceptual evaluation of the recorded speech was conducted with respect to breathiness and loudness. Results indicate that in the case of clear speech, there was a statistically significant increase in the cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and a decrease in the L/H ratio SD (ratio of low to high frequency spectral energy SD) and CPP F0 SD values. In the auditory-perceptual evaluation, a decrease in breathiness and an increase in loudness were noted. Furthermore, CPP was found to be highly correlated to breathiness and loudness. This provides objective evidence of the immediate usefulness of clear speech intervention in improving the voice quality of Parkinsonian speech.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2022

Dysphonia is well known as one of the otolaryngological symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The vocal changes of the COVID-19 condition have been reported in terms of parameters of multi-dimensional voice assessment, including acoustic analysis, auditory-perceptual evaluation, and psychometric assessment. However, there has not been a daily followup study in patients with acute COVID-19 infection. In this study, a 41-year-old male performed daily voice recordings of vowel phonation and passage-reading tasks during the self-quarantine period of one week. Compared to the normal voice status of the prepandemic period, voice abnormalities peaked on day two after the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and recovered after one week.