• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 2022

Background music is presented simultaneously with target messages. The main content should be kept intact for some time to aid decision making process. The maintenance of this information requires auditory working memory. The temporal compression of background music may often adopted due to the limitation of the presentation time. In this study, auditory working memory and decision making proces were analyzed in terms of temporal compression ratios of the background music. A total of 37 subjects of early twenties joined the study. Selected products were categorized based on eigen values of multi-dimensional scaling. Four presentation conditions were cases with no background music, background music with no compression, background music with low compression, and background music high compression. Matched reponses were analyzed through repeated ANOVA. Results showed that the high involvement product required more working memory resources. However, the increased level of usage did not always lead to the corresponding changes in decision making process. This approach may be useful in analyzing the role of time compression and working memory in consumer behaviors.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2002.07a
• /
• pp.113-116
• /
• 2002

In this paper dynamic characteristics were investigated of the perception of a bound image width. Subjective evaluation tests were carried out of the width of a sound image when its presentation region was moved in the horizontal plane. As a result, the sound image width was perceived narrower or wider than the actual presentation region when the sound source width was decreased or increased, respectively. The result obtained shows that a phenomenon which is a kind of auditory motion aftereffects was occurred in the perception of a sound source with changing its width.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2012

In this study, we constructed a virtual auditory display(VAD) that enables listener to move in a room freely. The VAD system was installed in a soundproof room($4.7m(W){\times}2.8m(D){\times}3.0m(H)$). The system consisted of a personal computer, a sound presentation device, and a three-dimensional ultrasound sensor system. This system acquires listener's location and position from a three-dimension ultrasonic sensor system covering the entire room. Localization was realized by convolving the sound source with head related transfer functions(HRTFs) on personal computer(PC). The calculated result is generated through a LADOMi(Localization Auditory Display with Opened ear-canal for Mixed Reality). The HRTFs used in the experiment were measured for each listener with loudspeakers constantly 1.5m away from the center of the listener' s head in an anechoic room. To evaluate the system performance, we experimented a search task of a sound source position in the condition that the listener is able to move all around the room freely. As a result, the positioning error of presented sound source was within 30cm in average for all listeners.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives: There is growing interest in the use of the Level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp^® stimulus in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to its ability to produce prominent ABR waves with robust amplitudes. There are no known studies that investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus. The present study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus and compare its reliability with the ABR to standard click stimulus at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults. Subjects and Methods: Eleven normal-hearing adults participated. The ABR test was repeated twice in the same clinical session and conducted again in another session. The ABR was acquired using both the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli at 4 presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dBnHL). Only the right ear was tested using the ipsilateral electrode montage. The reliability of the ABR findings (amplitudes and latencies) to the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli within the same clinical session and between the two clinical sessions was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient analysis (ICC). Results: The results showed a significant correlation of the ABR findings (amplitude and latencies) to both stimuli within the same session and between the clinical sessions. The ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent. Conclusions: The ABR results from both the LS CE-Chirp^® and click stimuli were consistent and reliable over the two clinical sessions suggesting that both stimuli can be used for neurological diagnoses with the same reliability.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives: There is growing interest in the use of the Level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp^® stimulus in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to its ability to produce prominent ABR waves with robust amplitudes. There are no known studies that investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus. The present study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus and compare its reliability with the ABR to standard click stimulus at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults. Subjects and Methods: Eleven normal-hearing adults participated. The ABR test was repeated twice in the same clinical session and conducted again in another session. The ABR was acquired using both the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli at 4 presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dBnHL). Only the right ear was tested using the ipsilateral electrode montage. The reliability of the ABR findings (amplitudes and latencies) to the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli within the same clinical session and between the two clinical sessions was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient analysis (ICC). Results: The results showed a significant correlation of the ABR findings (amplitude and latencies) to both stimuli within the same session and between the clinical sessions. The ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent. Conclusions: The ABR results from both the LS CE-Chirp^® and click stimuli were consistent and reliable over the two clinical sessions suggesting that both stimuli can be used for neurological diagnoses with the same reliability.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.333-336
• /
• 1996

It is widely known that the Japanese alveolar nasal (n) is affected by adjacent vowels in most positions, that is, the variants of the alveolar (n) occur conditionally. The Japanese (n) is palatalized under the influence of vowel (i) or palatal (j). In the articulation of (ni), for instance, the tip and sides of the tongue make wide contact with the palate. It is interesting to know how palatalization occurs and varies during the production in different contexts. In my presentation, the actual realization of the palatalized alveolar nasal in different contexts is examined and clarified by consider me the Electro-palatographic data and examining the articulatory feel ins and auditory impression. As a result, palatalized (equation omitted) occurs either word-initially or inter-vocalically. (equation omitted) in (equation omitted) and (equation omitted) has great palatality. When conditioned by (j), the (equation omitted) in (equation omitted), (equation omitted) and (equation omitted) has full palatality. In each sound the average number of contacted electrodes of the Electro-palatograph at maximum tongue-palate contact is 63 or 100% of the total. To summarize the experimental data, articulatory feel ins and auditory impression, it can be concluded that the (n) followed by or hemmed in (i), (j) is a palatalized nasal (equation omitted).

• MALSORI
• /
• no.31_32
• /
• pp.223-238
• /
• 1996

It is widely hewn that the Japanese alveolar nasal [n] is affected by adjacent vowels in most positions, that is, the variants of the alveolar [n] occur conditionally. The Japanese [n] is palatalized under the influence of vowel [i] or palatal [j]. In the articulation of 'に', for instance, the tip and sides of the tongue make wide contact with the palate. It is interesting to know how palatalization occurs and varies during the production in different contexts. In my presentation the actual realization of the palatalized alveolar nasal in different contexts is examined and clarified by considering the Electro-palatographic data and examining the articulatory feeling and auditory impression. As a result, palatalized [${\eta}$] occurs either word-initially- or inter-vocalically. [${\eta}$] in [${\eta}$i] and 'いに'[$i{\eta}$] has great palatality. When conditioned by [j], the [${\eta}$] in 'にゃ'[${\eta}$ja], 'にょ'[${\eta}jo$] and 'にゅ'[${\eta}jw$] has full palatality. In each sound the average number of contacted electrodes of the Electro-palatograph at maximum tongue-palate contact is 63 or 100% of the total. To summarize the experimental data, articulatory feeling and auditory impression, it can be concluded that 'the [n] followed by or hemmed in [i], [j] is a palatalized nasal [${\eta}$].

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.326-333
• /
• 2011

In the present study, we measured the performance (accuracy and reaction time) of the user in the virtual environment with see-through Head-Mounted Display system that includes 3D sound generated through Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) to investigate the feasibility of auditory display for a certain object's spatial information. To sum up the results of two experiments, when presenting location information of the object with 3D sound, it is desirable that information arrangement from the user should be an orthogonal pattern which is located with right angle, not a diagonal pattern. Like these results propose that spatial information presentation with 3D sound make the optimal object arrangement of virtual environment possible.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2018

Objectives. Carcinomas of the external auditory canal (EAC) are rare, and management remains challenging. Previous studies seeking prognostic factors for EAC cancers included cancers other than carcinomas. In this study, we analyzed the treatment outcomes of, prognostic factors for, and survival rates associated with specifically squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the EAC. Methods. A retrospective review of 26 consecutive patients diagnosed with SCCs of the EAC in a 10-year period was performed in terms of clinical presentation, stage, choice of surgical procedure, and adjunct therapy. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated and univariate analysis of prognostic factors was performed. Results. The median age of the 26 patients with SCCs of the EAC was 63 years (range, 40 to 72 years), and 16 males and 10 females were included. According to the modified University of Pittsburgh staging system, the T stages were T1 in 11, T2 in six, T3 in four, and T4 in five cases. The surgical procedures employed were wide excision in three cases, lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) in 17, and extended LTBR in four, and subtotal temporal bone resection in two. Two patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and two underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. One patient received preoperative radiation therapy, and eleven received postoperative radiation therapy. Of the possibly prognostic factors examined, advanced preoperative T stage and advanced overall stage were significant predictors of RFS, but not of OS. Conclusion. The advanced T stage and overall stage were associated with decreased survival after surgical treatment in patients with SCC of the EAC, highlighting the importance of clinical vigilance and early detection.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.312-320
• /
• 2000

This presentation aims to explore some possibility of non-segmental phonetics usually ignored in phonetics education. In pedagogical phonetics, especially ESL/EFL oriented phonetics speech sounds tend to be classified in two criteria 1) 'pronunciation' which deals with segments and 2) 'prosody' or 'suprasegmentals', a criterion that deals with non-segmental elements such as stress and intonation. However, speech involves more dynamic processing. It is non-linear and multi-dimensional in spite of the linear sequence of symbols in phonetic/phonological transcriptions. No word is without pitch or voice quality apart from segmental characteristics whether it is spoken in isolation or cut out from continuous speech. This simply tells the dichotomy of pronunciation and prosody is merely a useful convention. There exists some room to consider dynamic non-segmental phonetics. Examples of non-segmental phonetic investigation, some of the analyses conducted within the frame of Firthian Prosodic Analysis, especially of the relation between vowel variants and foot types, are examined and we see what kind of auditory phonetic training is required to understand impressionistic transcriptions which lie behind the non-segmental phonetics.