• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.291-302
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• 1995

Most middle school and high school students learns under the same study plans and educational courses. Such an equal level education policies prevent the science-gifted from developing and promoting their ability. So it is severely necessary to sort out the gifted in science and make them develop their ability. In this paper, the attitudes of teachers and parents toward the science-gifted student in middle school were investigated as well as the characteristics of the gifted. One hundred science teachers of middle school who recommended the gifted in science and their parents in Seoul area were questionnaired. The follows are the consequences of investigation. 1. Most teachers and parents of the gifted considered that the school should do a special care for the gifted in science. That is, they prefer the enrichment course to the acceleration course for it. 2. The teachers play the role of motivating the study and promotion very well, but do not well as either the advisor or the cooperator with the parents because of their excessive work and lack of professional knowledgement about education of the gifted. 3. The parents play the role of the advisor or the counselor well, but do not well as the cooperator with school. 4. Among the characteristics of the gifted, there are not any differences between boys and girls in conduct characteristics. But there are meaningful difference in emotion characteristics. 5. The education of the gifted is very important for developing of country and personal promotion. So the administrative and financial support are necessary in order to sort out the gifted in science earlier and provide various programs.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.75-97
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• 2013

While good return policies are suggested as one of the critical services for e-commerce, ambivalence between the burden of the cost and shoppers' satisfaction may prevent e-tailers from increasing their level of leniency. Based on the S-O-R model, this study has attempted to develop a grounded theory to explain how lenient return policies shape online shoppers' perceptions and responses, with a focus on cultural influences in the relationship. In order to check the cultural effects of the lenient return policy, thirty two female and eleven male undergraduate students in South Korean shoppers, who are accustomed to strict return policies, participated in the semi-structured interview. A series of open-ended questions were designed to explore consumers' reactions toward four different levels of the lenient return policy: from the strict type in South Korea to the lenient type in the U.S. Using qualitative research methods, this research has defined three types of dimensions of lenient return policy: return possible period, complexity of progress, and other restrictions. While previous researchers did not pay much attention, the last dimension, other restrictions, is shown to be the most significant in influencing online shoppers' perceptions, especially in South Korea. Also, the impacts on online shoppers' perceptions from the three types of sub-dimensions of return policy were somewhat different. Whereas a longer return possible period was considered more favorable, a medium level of complexity and restrictions were considered more desirable. In summary, this result showed that shoppers in Eastern cultures, i.e. South Korean online shoppers, seem favorable to a medium level of lenient return policies, while allowing for taking precautions against possible fraudulent behaviors and setting other restrictions. Therefore, most of retailers in South Korea recommended that e-tailers who adopt the most lenient return policies raise the bar to guard ethical shoppers from fraudulent users. Next, lenient return policies can enhance ease of use, usefulness, affect, and trust while relieving perceived risk, which is connected to intention to purchase, satisfaction, and loyalty. Interestingly, lenient return policies are more likely to change the behavioral responses of online shoppers, such as return and purchase, rather than change their attitudes or beliefs such as image, satisfaction, and loyalty. This tendency can be seen more clearly in the direct influences of return policy on responses. The reaction to lenient return policy is mostly the intention to return or to purchase. This suggests that return policy serves the e-tailers as a powerful tool in increasing online shoppers' purchase intention at the moment of purchase. Therefore, e-tailers who plan to expand their market to eastern countries, including South Korea, have to build a shield of restrictions around their lenient return policy, rather than immediately applying their original liberalized return policy. Also, e-tailers in South Korea need to review their strict and undifferentiated return policies to deal with the unsatisfied reactions of online shoppers toward their normal return policies. Although the present study was confined to the return policies currently being practiced by popular e-tailers, it would be worthwhile to develop effective return policies separately for each country, especially South Korea, keeping the culture of the relevant country in mind.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

It is revealed that there are more registered disabled people in our country who have their disability because of acquired factors such as accidents than because of innate deformity. This phenomenon will continue and the incidence of acquired disability will increase more and more. Even though there is noticeable change, the social recognition toward the disabled is still negative. Particularly, university students are in the early adulthood according to the development of life-cycle, and this is the period that people have diverse social relationships, depart from unified frame and work in various fields, and set up their own thoughts and ideology with knowledge and skills acquired from university education. Therefore, in this study, we are going to search the recognition of the university students, who are in the previous period of entering into the society, toward the disabled, and if they have negative prejudice or attitude against the disabled, we are going to find the ways to improve on their awareness positively. The subjects of the survey were randomly selected among 230 out of total 250 students by visiting thirteen universities in Chungcheong Province, and were analyzed by using SPSS (ver. 18.0) program. T-test and One-way ANOVA were used as analytical methods to look into the difference of analysis of frequency, descriptive statistic, reliability analysis and attitudes for comprehending sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects of the survey. In conclusion, it has to be not a temporary or event-like training, but a training that makes people have positive recognition and attitude towards accurate information, knowledge, human rights, disability, and diversity. This thesis has a limitation to be generalized to the university students all over the country since the region is limited to a certain area.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-52
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• 2010

It is not new that today's business organizations are expected to exhibit ethical and moral management and to carry out social responsibility as a good corporate citizen. Since South Korea emerged as a newly industrialized country during the 1980s, Korean corporations have become active in carrying out their social responsibility as a good corporate citizen to society. In spite of the short history of corporate social responsibility, Korean companies have actively participated in corporate philanthropy. Corporations' significant donations to various social causes, no-lay-off policies, corporate volunteerism and green marketing are evidences of their commitment to corporate citizenship. Corporate social responsibility is now an essential management practice whereby corporation can strengthen its sustainable value creation processes by enhancing the trust assets underlying the relationships between the business and the stakeholders. Much of the conceptual work in the area of corporate social responsibility(CSR) has originated from researches conducted in the management field. Carroll(1979) proposed that corporations have four types of social responsibilities: economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility. Most past research has investigated CSR and its impact on consumers' attitudes toward the corporations and corporate performances. Although there exists a large body of literature on how consumers perceive and respond to CSR, the majority of past studies were conducted in the United States. The stability and applicability of past findings need to be tested across different national/cultural settings, especially since corporate social responsibility is a reflection of implicit conformation with the expectations and criticism that society may have toward a corporation(Matten and Moon, 2004). In this study, we explored whether people in Korea perceive CSR of Korean corporations in the same four dimensions as done in the United States and what were the measurement items tapping each of these four dimensions. In order to investigate the dimensions of CSR and the measurement items for CSR perceived by Korean people, nine focus group interviews were conducted with several stakeholder groups(two with undergraduate students, two with graduate students, three with general consumers, and two with NGO groups). Scripts from the interviews revealed that the Korean stakeholders perceived four types of CSR which are the same as those proposed by Carroll(1979). However we found CSR issues unique to Korean corporations. For example for the economic responsibility, Korean people mentioned that the corporation needed to contribute to the economic development of the country by generating corporate profits. For the legal responsibility, Koreans included the "corporation need to follow the consumer protection law." For the ethical responsibility, they considered that the corporation needed to not promote false advertisement. In addition, Koreans thought that an ethical company should do transparent management. For the philanthropic responsibility, people in Korea thought that a corporation needed to return parts of its profits to the society for the betterment of society. The 28 items were developed based on the results of the nine focus group interviews, while considering the scale developed by Maignan and Ferrell(2001). Following the procedure proposed by Churchill(1979), we started by developing an item poll consisting of 28 items and purified the initial pool of items through exploratory, confirmatory factor analyses. 176 samples were sued for this analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the 28 items in order to verify the underlying four factor structure. Study 1 provided new measurement items for tapping the Korean CSR dimensions, which can be useful for the future studies exploring the effects of CSR on Korean consumers' attitudes toward the corporations and corporate performances. And we found the CSR scale(17 items) has good reliability, discriminant validity and nomological validity. Economic Responsibility: "XYZ company continuously improves the quality of our products", "XYZ company has a procedure in place to respond to customer complaint", "XYZ company contributes to the economic development of our country by generating profits", "XYZ company is eager to hire people". Legal Responsibility: "XYZ company's products meet legal standards", "XYZ company seeks to comply with all laws regulating hiring and employee benefits", "XYZ company honors contractual obligations to its suppliers", "XYZ company's managers try to comply with the law related to the business operation". Ethical Responsibility: "XYZ company has a comprehensive code of conduct", "XYZ company does not promote a false or misleading advertisement", "XYZ company seems to conduct a transparent business", "XYZ company does a fair business with its suppliers or sub-contractors". Philanthropic Responsibility: "XYZ company encourages partnerships with local businesses and schools", "XYZ company supports sports and cultural activities", "XYZ company gives adequate contributions to charities considering its business size", "XYZ company encourages employees to support our community". Study 2 was condusted for comprehensive validity. 655 samples were used for this anlysis. Collected samples were tested by factor analysis and Crnbach's Alpha coefficiednts and were found to be satisfactory in terms of validity and reliability. Furthermore, fitness of the measurement model was tested by using conformatory factor analysis. χ²=880.73(df=160), GFI=0.891, AGFI=0.854, NFI=0.908, NNFI=0.913, RMR=0.059, RMESA=0.070. We hope that CSR scale could greatly facilitate research on Corporate social resposibility, it is by no means the final answer.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.185-199
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of psychological and sexual violence in dating among high school students. Subjects consisted of 1,205 male and female adolescents from all parts of the country. 1,092 respondents were included in the final analysis(90.6%). For psychological violence, 13.3%(n=145) reported to have such experiences with a dating partner at least once or more. The most frequently used forms of violence were shouting, insulting language and behaviors, and blaming for a physical appearance. There were no sex differences in frequency of psychological violence between males and females, as an aggressor or a victim. Responses of victims were mostly negotiation and communication, and trying to forget it. For sexual violence, 27.8%(n=303) was found to have such experiences in a dating scence at least once or more. Hugging and kissing, close contact of parts of body, and gazing at parts of body were most frequently used forms. Responses of victims were pretending not to notice it and responding in the same way. There were significantly more male aggressors of sexual violence than females, but no sex difference in the number of victims. Those who reported to have experiences of violence were compared to the counterparts who had no experience in attitudes toward violence between dating partners and married couples, experiences of violence in childhood, school violence, and observations of violence between parents. Those with experience of dating violence reported to have significantly more experiences of violence in childhood and school, and parental violence. Based on the findings of this study, suggestion were made in regard to the need for development of dating violence prevention program for adolescents, and for welfare programs for adolescents in community.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-40
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• 2002

Historically, the use of algorithms has been emphasized in the mathematics curriculum at the elementary school mathematics. The current reform movement in our country are seemed to emphasize the importance of algorithms in favor of problem-solving approaches, the conceptualization of mathematical processes and applications of mathematics in real world situations. Recently, children may come to school with a fairly well-developed attitude about mathematics and mathematical ideas. That is, they do not come to school and to learning mathematics with a clean slate. Because they have already formed some partial mathematical concepts in a wide variety of contexts. Many kindergarten children have attended pre-school programs where they played with blocks, made patterns, and started adding and subtracting. It seems that there are psychological change attitudes of the children in upper grades toward learning mathematics. In our elementary school mathematics, almost every student are still math anxious or have developed math anxiety because of paper-pencil test. In these views, this paper is devoted to introduce and apply to second grade students in ND-elementary school in Taegu City the new method for learning addition and subtraction so called ‘Mrs Weill's Hill’, which is believed as a suitable method for children with mathematical teaming disabilities and Math anxiety.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2004

This study was conducted to explore the impacts of involvement in the Vietnam War on the self-esteem of the veterans in their later lives. In this study, 14 Korean male Vietnam War veterans from 55 to 63 years old were asked about the impacts of their war experiences on their self-esteem. From the analysis of the in-depth interviews the following conclusions were drawn: First, the veterans perceived that their self-esteem improved with both internal and external impacts of their activities in Vietnam. The internal aspects that improved the veterans' self-esteem were recalling their positive memories of Vietnam War, such as being on duty at a war front for the sake of our country, doing volunteer work for the villagers, and becoming a masculine heroic figure in the family legend. The external aspects were positive attitudes and responses toward their war activities from their family, friends, and neighbors. Second, they also felt persistently frustrated with their recurring memories of involvement in killing human beings, experiences of negative family and social responses, and the side effects of herbicidal cyanide they suffer. In this article, the following suggestions were made. First, standardized images and good-will episodes of the Vietnam War need to be provided by the government, in order to improve public images on the veterans. Second, intensive adjustment programs for the families of older veterans in special needs should be developed in collaboration with various veterans' societies and family counseling institutions, so that the spouses and children can be relieved from tension-laden contacts with the veterans and prevent violent incidents.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.131-154
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• 2011

This study aimed to find out how to support school adaptation among multicultural family youth from accompanied entry, specifically the children who came to Incheon, Korea to live with new stepfather because of their mother's international marriage. The objective of the study is to seek for counter-measurements against the problems of their high probability of leaving and quitting school. Based on grounded theory in qualitative studies, the study was to analyze various categories and dimensions in school adaptation process among the elementary students. Individual, family, and school related factors were involved in the school adaptation process, positively or negatively. Probing and speculating multi-dimensional aspects of the adapting process, the study paid attention to the followings. First, to extent to which the experiences of school adjustment among the multicultural youths were differentiated from those of other students. Second, how the youths responded to society and other people, directly or indirectly, and modified their actions and attitudes. Third, how we can help the youths out of school maladjustment and toward social integration. In conclusion, policy suggestions are given to assist the struggles of the disadvantaged youth, who are under acculturative stress and adapting problems at the new country.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.117-127
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• 1979

This study attempts to shed additional light on the national diffusion process and interaction of welfare services for children and mothers. The central hypothesis examined is the following : In general, the implant of social welfare system is first considered on the characteristics of their own socio-economics , and diffusion prodess of welfare services tends to occur faster in countries with open sicieties than in countries where entry barriers are high and society ranking rigid. The scope of the study is limited in several ways. Attention is concentrated on the agency of woman in the belief that an in-depth case study of one field can yield more insight than a less detailed investigation embracing a number of social welfare systems. The angency of woman is selected for several reasons. a) It is important the agency of woman alone produce more effective than services affecting both the child welfare and women's libertion bradually. Moreover, these services will form the heart of mother's welfare. b) The services of women's agency is gradually wide spread, since a role of government is still negligible before a full realization of economic income. c) The services of women agency is a prime example of a social welfare. d) statistical data and other information are more readily available. One of major findings of our study is the existence of the barriers inhibiting child welfare form " motherhood cult". Despite all the distinct advantages for mother and child , social attitudes appear to be some resistant on child welfare system among men and women even the agenices of women. What is surprised is the extent of the awareness that strategies of women's agency to liberate woman and to increate activities of women involve the strategies to liberate child. The conviction that solving application problems for child welfare in line with the activities of agency by women offer greater freedom and more advantage to mother are not apparent on the data collected from 18 of multi-functional agencies in our country. there are little sign that such agencies cooperate toward attainment of common goals. The intensive early focus of the movement on consciousness raising is a necessary beginning and such efforts by women's organizations would help both in the continuous evolution of women and child. Some of the agencies offer a variety of services to women and children, others are specialized in that they offer fewer services or even only one. Social welfare agenices giving service to children and their families are identified by various names usually women service and child welfare from govern , mental agency and voluntary public agency to foreign aided. What is totally missing , however, is an integrated synthesis of child welfare program Through women's agency. Social changes to occur, but delineation of appropriate and comprehensive social policy is also necessary at this point at this point since efforts, social changes and polices must be well coordianted and focused, as well as mutually supprotive and reinforcing.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.283-295
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• 2010

Objectives : It surveyed the recognition level of oral health in class teachers who have influence of students' oral health knowledges and behaviors in our country, developed a program available for supplementing reinforcement in school oral health education, and planned the knowledge contents necessary for school oral health education hereafter. Methods : To arrange the basic data necessary for school oral health program, it carried out questionnaire survey by personal self-administration targeting 460 teachers for 19 elementary schools where are located in Jinhae city from May 7, 2007 to June 13. The following conclusions were obtained. Results : 1. The path of acquiring oral health knowledge was shown the high frequency with 23.9% and 23.3%, respectively, through publicity brochure and dental clinic. As for the opinion about the aim of maintaining dental hygiene, the prevention of dental caries was the highest with 53.7%. 2. The opinion about which the regular visit to the dentist is very effective for preventing dental caries accounted for 56.7%. The opinions about which the limit to sugar intake and the use of dental floss are effective for preventing dental caries accounted for 52.2% and 46.3%, respectively. 3. The opinion about which the fluoridation beverage intake and the sealant are effective for preventing dental caries accounted for 33.9% and 33.0%, respectively. 4. The opinion about which the regular toothbrushing without toothpaste has a little effect and has no effect on preventing dental caries accounted for 42.6% and 38.5%, respectively. Conclusions : The elementary-school age period, which is the most core field out of the whole oral health, is the important period that is formed the basis of lifelong oral health care. It surveyed the recognition level of oral health in class teachers who are in charge of direct health care while making continuous life with students, and developed program available for supplementing reinforcement in school oral health education. Through this, there will be necessity for cultivating ability available for properly managing oral health for the whole life by allowing elementary-school students, who will be led to future adults' oral health, to be formed the attitudes toward the rationally oral health care.