• 제목/요약/키워드: attention window

검색결과 100건 처리시간 0.023초

TCP Delayed Window Update Mechanism for Fighting the Bufferbloat

  • Wang, Min;Yuan, Lingyun
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제10권10호
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    • pp.4977-4996
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    • 2016
  • The existence of excessively large and too filled network buffers, known as bufferbloat, has recently gained attention as a major performance problem for delay-sensitive applications. Researchers have made three types of suggestions to solve the bufferbloat problem. One is End to End (E2E) congestion control, second is deployment of Active Queue Management (AQM) techniques and third is the combination of above two. However, these solutions either seem impractical or could not obtain good bandwidth utilization. In this paper, we propose a Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)delayed window update mechanism which uses a congestion detection approach to predict the congestion level of networks. When detecting the network congestion is coming, a delayed window update control strategy is adopted to maintain good protocol performance. If the network is non-congested, the mechanism stops work and congestion window is updated based on the original protocol. The simulation experiments are conducted on both high bandwidth and long delay scenario and low bandwidth and short delay scenario. Experiment results show that TCP delayed window update mechanism can effectively improve the performance of the original protocol, decreasing packet losses and queuing delay while guaranteeing transmission efficiency of the whole network. In addition, it can perform good fairness and TCP friendliness.

Optimizing the maximum reported cluster size for normal-based spatial scan statistics

  • Yoo, Haerin;Jung, Inkyung
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.373-383
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    • 2018
  • The spatial scan statistic is a widely used method to detect spatial clusters. The method imposes a large number of scanning windows with pre-defined shapes and varying sizes on the entire study region. The likelihood ratio test statistic comparing inside versus outside each window is then calculated and the window with the maximum value of test statistic becomes the most likely cluster. The results of cluster detection respond sensitively to the shape and the maximum size of scanning windows. The shape of scanning window has been extensively studied; however, there has been relatively little attention on the maximum scanning window size (MSWS) or maximum reported cluster size (MRCS). The Gini coefficient has recently been proposed by Han et al. (International Journal of Health Geographics, 15, 27, 2016) as a powerful tool to determine the optimal value of MRCS for the Poisson-based spatial scan statistic. In this paper, we apply the Gini coefficient to normal-based spatial scan statistics. Through a simulation study, we evaluate the performance of the proposed method. We illustrate the method using a real data example of female colorectal cancer incidence rates in South Korea for the year 2009.

건물에너지 절감을 위한 열차단 필름의 성능 평가 (Thermal Performance Evaluation of The Window Film Insulation for Building Energy Savings)

  • 남중우;원종서
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국태양에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.75-80
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    • 2008
  • Recently, Energy savings in buildings has received much attention in response to the increased needs for global warming and better comforts of the occupants in apartment housing. This study proposes the method which uses the sun control window film to reduce the cooling load and heating load improving the thermal performance of the building and it improves an energy efficiency. The film which used in actual measurement has a low shading coefficient and a solar energy transmission. so we measured the surface temperature of the triple Low-e glazing system used and inside temperature according to the change of outside temperature and solar energy to study thermal performance evaluation. As a result, it was helpful to use window film insulation to reduce inside temperature in summer and to keep room warm in winter.

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크리스마스 시즌 윈도우 디스플레이에 나타난 의외성 (Unexpectedness in Christmas season window displays)

  • 김보라;윤정아;이연희
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제25권5호
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    • pp.577-592
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to propose various directions for effectively proposing window displays that satisfy changing consumer needs by investigating and analyzing the characteristics of unexpected expressions used in recent Christmas windows. Research was conducted by investigating unexpectedness in window displays through literature reviews and previous studies. To observe unexpectedness in Christmas windows, website-based case images of window displays from the six years between 2010 and 2015 were collected from the department stores of Bergdorf Goodman, Printemps, Selfridges, and Isetan. Unexpected expressions in department-store Christmas window displays could be categorized into four expressive methods of hybrid expressions, figurative expressions, amusing expressions, and exaggerative expressions. The results were as follows: First, hybrid expressions are interpreted by consumers as having new or diverse meanings that change the original external forms of subjects or objects. Second, Christmas colors are used in the window backgrounds' figurative expressions, but these windows do not use excessive expressions; furthermore, these windows personify people as animals and anthropomorphize animals as people, using subjects to depict other subjects to show unfamiliar images. Third, amusing expressions are used to decorate windows with unique and novel ideas that provide stimulation and amusement for customers and capture their attention through the composition of windows that entail childish props and elements that create funny. Fourth, exaggerative expressions deliberately stretch and expand subjects or objects in windows to elicit customers' curiosity and interest through emphasis.

Attention 기반 Encoder-Decoder 모델을 활용한작물의 생산량 예측 (Forecasting Crop Yield Using Encoder-Decoder Model with Attention)

  • 강수람;조경철;나명환
    • 품질경영학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.569-579
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is the time series analysis for predicting the yield of crops applicable to each farm using environmental variables measured by smart farms cultivating tomato. In addition, it is intended to confirm the influence of environmental variables using a deep learning model that can be explained to some extent. Methods: A time series analysis was performed to predict production using environmental variables measured at 75 smart farms cultivating tomato in two periods. An LSTM-based encoder-decoder model was used for cases of several farms with similar length. In particular, Dual Attention Mechanism was applied to use environmental variables as exogenous variables and to confirm their influence. Results: As a result of the analysis, Dual Attention LSTM with a window size of 12 weeks showed the best predictive power. It was verified that the environmental variables has a similar effect on prediction through wieghtss extracted from the prediction model, and it was also verified that the previous time point has a greater effect than the time point close to the prediction point. Conclusion: It is expected that it will be possible to attempt various crops as a model that can be explained by supplementing the shortcomings of general deep learning model.

Attention Capsule Network for Aspect-Level Sentiment Classification

  • Deng, Yu;Lei, Hang;Li, Xiaoyu;Lin, Yiou;Cheng, Wangchi;Yang, Shan
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.1275-1292
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    • 2021
  • As a fine-grained classification problem, aspect-level sentiment classification predicts the sentiment polarity for different aspects in context. To address this issue, researchers have widely used attention mechanisms to abstract the relationship between context and aspects. Still, it is difficult to effectively obtain a more profound semantic representation, and the strong correlation between local context features and the aspect-based sentiment is rarely considered. In this paper, a hybrid attention capsule network for aspect-level sentiment classification (ABASCap) was proposed. In this model, the multi-head self-attention was improved, and a context mask mechanism based on adjustable context window was proposed, so as to effectively obtain the internal association between aspects and context. Moreover, the dynamic routing algorithm and activation function in capsule network were optimized to meet the task requirements. Finally, sufficient experiments were conducted on three benchmark datasets in different domains. Compared with other baseline models, ABASCap achieved better classification results, and outperformed the state-of-the-art methods in this task after incorporating pre-training BERT.

투명한 입력오버레이를 이용한 필기 및 음성 입력 (Handwriting and Voice Input using Transparent Input Overlay)

  • 김대현;김명준;이진호
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.245-254
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문은 IBM ViaVoice와 마이크로소프트 필기-인식 시스템(handwriting-recognition system)과 같은 인식 엔진(recognition engines)을 UMPC와 같은 펜-입력 디스플레이에서 작동하는 일반적인 윈도우 어플리케이션과 연동하기 위한 단일화된 멀티모달 입력 프레임워크(unified multi-modal input framework)를 제안한다. 사용자가 펜-입력 디스플레이에 부탁되어있는 버튼을 한 손으로 누르면, 인터넷 검색 윈도우나 워드 프로세서와 같이 현재 포커스를 갖는 윈도우는 전체 데스크탑을 덮을 수 있는 투명한 윈도우로 덮여진다. 이 위에 사용자는 다른 한 손으로, 현재 working context를 놓치지 않으면서, 필기 입력을 자유롭게 수행할 수 있다. 이런 투명 입력 윈도우를 이용하여 필기 및 음성 입력뿐만 아닐라 다이어그램까지 그릴 수 있게 해준다.

비전 트랜스포머 성능향상을 위한 이중 구조 셀프 어텐션 (A Dual-Structured Self-Attention for improving the Performance of Vision Transformers)

  • 이광엽;문환희;박태룡
    • 전기전자학회논문지
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    • 제27권3호
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    • pp.251-257
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    • 2023
  • 본 논문에서는 비전 트랜스포머의 셀프 어텐션이 갖는 지역적 특징 부족을 개선하는 이중 구조 셀프 어텐션 방법을 제안한다. 객체 분류, 객체 분할, 비디오 영상 인식에서 합성곱 신경망보다 연산 효율성이 높은 비전 트랜스포머는 상대적으로 지역적 특징 추출능력이 부족하다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 윈도우 또는 쉬프트 윈도우를 기반으로 하는 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있으나 이러한 방법은 여러 단계의 인코더를 사용하여 연산 복잡도의 증가로 셀프 어텐션 기반 트랜스포머의 장점이 약화 된다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 방법보다 locality inductive bias 향상을 위해 self-attention과 neighborhood network를 이용하여 이중 구조 셀프 어텐션을 제안한다. 지역적 컨텍스트 정보 추출을 위한 neighborhood network은 윈도우 구조보다 훨씬 단순한 연산 복잡도를 제공한다. 제안된 이중 구조 셀프 어텐션 트랜스포머와 기존의 트랜스포머의 성능 비교를 위해 CIFAR-10과 CIFAR-100을 학습 데이터를 사용하였으며 실험결과 Top-1 정확도에서 각각 0.63%과 1.57% 성능이 개선되었다.

학교건물의 에너지 성능개선에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Improvement of Energy Performance in School Buildings)

  • 박진철
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.54-61
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study is to improve of energy performance in school buildings. Many building renovations have mainly focused on commercial buildings and houses, but school buildings have no attention in this field although there are many buildings that show degraded energy performance and there are many old fashioned buildings which need renovation. This study was carried out through the survey, field study, energy simulation and life cycle cost analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: In model building, large amount of heat were lost at the building envelope, such as non-insulated skins, window-sills and window-frame joints. According to the simulation result, about 15% of heating energy is saved by the insulating works compared to pre-renovation condition. Also, LCC analysis revealed to be more effective to select a exteria wall insulation such as a dryvit system.

Determination of Tungsten Target Parameters for Transmission X-ray Tube: A Simulation Study Using Geant4

  • Nasseri, Mohammad M.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.795-798
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    • 2016
  • Transmission X-ray tubes based on carbon nanotube have attracted significant attention recently. In most of these tubes, tungsten is used as the target material. In this article, the well-known simulator Geant4 was used to obtain some of the tungsten target parameters. The optimal thickness for maximum production of usable X-rays when the target is exposed to electron beams of different energies was obtained. The linear variation of optimal thickness of the target for different electron energies was also obtained. The data obtained in this study can be used to design X-ray tubes. A beryllium window was considered for the X-ray tube. The X-ray energy spectra at the moment of production and after passing through the target and window for different electron energies in the 30-110 keV range were also obtained. The results obtained show that with a specific thickness, the target material itself can act as filter, which enables generation of X-rays with a limited energy.