• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the retention of mini implant overdenture by the number, the type of magnetic attachment, and the directions of applied dislodging force. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The experimental groups were designed by the number and type of magnetic attachment. Twenty samples were tested with Magden implants. Each attachment was composed of the magnet assembly in overdenture sample and the abutment keeper in a mandibular model. Dislodging forces were applied to the overdenture samples (50.0 mm/min) in 3 directions. The loading was repeated 10 times in each direction. The values of dislodging force were analyzed statistically using SPSS at 95% level of confidence. RESULTS. The retentive force of group 2 was greater than that of group 1 in both types of attachment in every direction (P < .05). Oblique retentive force of flat type magnetic attachment was higher than that of cushion type attachment in both groups (P < .05). In group 1, oblique retentive force showed the highest and anterior-posterior retentive force showed the lowest value in both attachment types (P < .05). In group 2, both types of attachment showed the lowest retentive force with anterior-posterior direction of dislodging force (P <.05). CONCLUSION. Proper retentive properties for implant overdenture were obtained, regardless of the number and type of magnetic attachment. In both types of magnetic attachment, the greater retentive force was attained with more implants. Oblique retentive force of flat type magnetic attachment was greater than that of cushion type. Among all subgroups, anterior-posterior retentive force was the lowest among three different directions of dislodging force.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2006

Social deficits are the most critical and core deficits of the children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD) and they are qualitatively as well as qualitatively different from typically developing children. It is proposed that the attachment between the mother and the autistic child should be promoted foremost and early as possible, to improve social deficits, just like early social developments in normal children depend largely on interactions between the mother and the child who are attached to each other we have developed an interventional program, 'Attachment Promotion Therapy', largely based on the attachment theory. The Attachment promotion Therapy mandates the participation of both the mother and the autistic child, and consists of mutually enjoying play activities, close physical contacts and parental training on intense mother-child interactions, focusing on improving maternal sensitivity, responsiveness, and nurturing behaviors during their interactions. The program was found to be effective in improving attachment behaviors, attachment security and acquiring joint attention skills. Attachment Promotion Therapy is therefore proposed here as the important earliest intervention method for children with ASD and could become the base for many other educational and therapeutic interventions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.330-340
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find out the degree of paternal attachment to neonate, and to identify factors affecting paternal attachment. The main purpose was to make the base data for nursing intervention to improve parternal attachment. The subjects of this study were 20 fathers whose partners have delivered premature neonate and 30 fathers whose partners have delivered normal neonate in 3 university hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from Feb. 10 to Apr. 10 1994 by self report questionaires. The instrument for this study was based on 7 kinds of characteristics of paternal attachment by Greenberg St Morris(1974), and developed by re-searcher The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, 1-test, ANOVA with S.P.S.S. program. The conclusions are as follows. 1. Fathers had the high degree of paternal attachent to neonate, but were afraid of active touch. 2. The factors that affect paternal attachment were delivery odor, past experience about own father except delivery pattern, pregnancy plan, sex of nonate. 3. There were not significant correlations between paternal attachment and early visual contact frequency of father-neonate. 4. In the degree of paternal attachment, though normal neonate father showed somewhat higher result than premature neonate father, there was not statistically significant difference between two groups(t=-1.83, P=0.076). But in the character of tactail awarness there were significant differences between two groups, hence nursing interventions are needed to help the premature neonate's father bring early tactile con-tact. Pother research about factors affecting paternal attachment to neonate and high risk neonate as well as low birth weight neonate is reguired.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1979

The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent and how the infant's Object Attachment occurs. For this purpose, 28 mothers with their infants showing or having shown this phenomenon were interviewed. They were selected by the whole scale smpling method from 310 household -wives living at a delux Apt. in Seoul. The results are summarized as follows : 1. About 27% of the infants aged between 6 months and 6 years turned out to show this phenomenon. 2. Qulits, bed clothes, pillows and blankets, which infants have been closely contacted since their babyhood, were the major source of attachment objects. In general, these objects were proved to have soft, wasm, smooth, and glassy tactile sensation. 3.This phenomenon, in average, appeared since 13 months after birth, About 50% of the whole began to show this phenomenon between 9 and 14 month after birth. 4. Half of the infants didn't show a change of attachment strength, but as for the other half, the attachment strength increased after one year of age, and decreased after three years of age, as the social period commenced. 5. Infants needed attachment objects especially when they were driven by sleep, sense of emptiness, and monotonous or boring feeling. 6. There were little difference between Object Attachment behavior and motherinfant attachment behavior except "babbling", "using her as a base for exploration". Those behaviors did not appear in Object Attachment. 7. mothers said that their children's attachment objects played the role of substitute mother, pacificater, warmer, friend , etc. And they attributed this phenomenon's appearance to lack their physical contact with, ocnstant and warm care toward, their children or bottle feeding.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

This study was designed 1) to explore the adult attachment factors, 2) to investigated the individual attachment styles and combined attachment patterns for 362 wives and husbands,3) and to know the effects of the relation to marital adjustment. The inventories were KAAQ(Korean Adult Attachment Questionnare), KMAQ(Korean Marital Adjustment Questionnare), and the Socio-demographic questionnaires. The data analysis methods were frequencies, percentiles, Cronbach'${\alpha}$, Factor Analysis, and F-test. The resets were as follows; 1. 3 factors were found in adult attachment. 2. 3 styles of adult attachment(secure, anxious/ambicalent, avoidant) were found. Secure style was most frequent. Also for 9 combined attachment patters, secure pattern was found the most frequent one. 3. Marital adjustment was highest with secure attachment style, anxious/ambivalent was next , and avoidant was the lowest. About combined attachment patterns, a pair of secure style showed the highest marital adjustment, and a pair of avoidant was the lowest.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2005

This study was conducted to find out the paternal attachment to neonate, and to identify factors affecting paternal attachment. The purpose was to make the base data for nursing intervention to improve paternal attachment. The subjects of this study were 93 fathers whose partners have delivered normal neonate in 1 hospital in Busan. Data were collected from Sep. 1th to Oct. 31th 2005 by a self-report questionnaire. The instrument for this study was based on 7 kinds of characteristics of paternal attachment by Greenberg & Morris(1974), and modified by researchers. The statistical methods for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS program Ver 10. The conclusions are as follows. Fathers had the high degree of paternal attachment to neonate. But, there were not significant correlations between paternal attachment and the father's demographic characteristics, pregnancy plan, delivery pattern, delivery order, sex of neonate and past experience. Also there were not significant correlations between paternal attachment and early visual contact frequency of father-neonate. Further research about factors affecting paternal attachment to neonate and high risk neonate as well as low birth weight neonate is required.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The study has a purpose of contributing to understanding children of multi-cultural families and healthy development of children by examining influences of parental attachment perceived by the children on their anger trait and anger expressions. Methods: The data were collected from 113 students in grade 4~6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, pearson correlation coefficient by the SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Results: The result showed the stable attachment with parents significantly influences children's anger and expression(anger out/control). And mother's attachment was significantly stronger than father's attachment, especially mutual trust and communication. Father's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out/in, and mother's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out. Actually father's attachment had stronger influences children's anger and anger expression. Conclusions: There was relationship between father's attachment and anger trait/ expression by children of multi-cultural families. For the effective management of multi-cultural children's anger, programs focusing on improving father-child relationships need to be established.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.101-113
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the relations between parenting behaviors, adolescents' attachment toward parents and peers, and adolescents' self-esteem. The differences in parenting behaviors and adolescents' attachment and self-esteem as a function of parent and adolescent gender are also examined. Participants were 405 high school students (Mage = 16.3, SD = 0.71) who completed questionnaires regarding parenting behavior, parent and peer attachment, and self-esteem. Results show that girls perceived a higher maternal behavioral control and peer attachment, whereas boys perceived a higher parental psychological control. The relative contributions of peer attachment and parenting differed depending on the adolescent's gender. Peer attachment was the only variable to predict boys' self-esteem, but mothers' behavioral control is also important to predict girls' self-esteem. The results underscore the importance of parenting behaviors and adolescents' attachment toward parents and peers in predicting an adolescent's positive self-esteem.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

This study investigates the effects of adult attachment on parenting stress using marital conflict as a mediating variable for mothers of preschoolers. The subjects were 370 mothers who lived with at least one preschooler in Daegu or Gyeongbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation as well as single and multiple regressions that used SPSS Win 15.0. The results were as follows: (1) The adult attachment by mothers was negatively associated with parenting stress. The adult attachment level of mothers becomes lower as the perception of parenting stress increases. (2) The adult attachment by mothers was negatively associated with marital conflict. That is, the adult attachment level of mothers becomes lower as the perception of marital conflict increases. (3) The effects of adult attachment in parenting stress by mothers was reducing explanation when controlled for the marital conflict. Adult attachment which influenced the parenting stress of mothers was partially mediated by marital conflict. The results of the study imply that to reduce the parenting stress of mothers, there is a need to improve spousal relationships, in addition, there is a need for more active support to improve conjugal relations for mothers whose adult attachment was not stable.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.19-33
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to examine the prospective links among perspective taking, attachment security, and executive function and the mediating role of executive function on the relationship between attachment security and perspective taking. Methods: The participants included 147 preschoolers living in Gyeonggi. The data-analysis methods included descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and the Sobel test. Results: First, preschoolers' perspective taking was significantly related to attachment security, and executive function. Furthermore, there was a significant association between attachment security and executive function. As expected, the correlations were positive in all cases. Second, the effects of attachment security on intention and emotion perspective takings were fully mediated by executive function when holding children's age and vocabulary constant. However, executive function did not predict thought perspective taking, whereas attachment security did. Conclusion: Given that parent-child attachment security might play an important role in child cognitive and socio-cognitive development, parents' endeavors to enhance the quality of the attachment relationship could be a fruitful path for preschoolers' developing executive capacities and perspective taking.