• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2015

The Multi-wavelength Raman LIDAR (MRL) system was developed to enable a better understanding of the complex properties of aerosols in the atmosphere. In this study, the microphysical, optical, and radiative properties of mixed aerosols were retrieved using the discrete aerosol observation products from the MRL. The dust mixing ratio, which is the proportion of dust particles to the total mixed, was derived using the particle depolarization ratio. It was employed in the retrieval of backscattering and extinction coefficient profiles for dust and non-dust particles. The vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties were then used as input parameters in the inversion algorithm for the retrieval of microphysical parameters including the effective radius, refractive index, and the single scattering albedo (SSA). Those products were successfully applied to an analysis of radiative flux using a radiative transfer model. The relationship between the MRL derived extinction and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) in short-wavelength was assessed over Gwangju, Korea. The results clearly demonstrate that the MRL-derived extinction profiles are a good surrogate for use in the estimation of optical, microphysical, and radiative properties of aerosols. It is considered that the analytical results shown in this study can be used to provide a better understanding of air quality and the variation of local radiative effects due to aerosols.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.19-26
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• 2003

The dispersion of recycled particulates in the complex coastal terrain containing Kangnung city, Korea was investigated using a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic numerical model and lagrangian particle model (or random walk model). The results show that particulates at the surface of the city that float to the top of thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) are then transported along the eastern slope of the mountains with the passage of sea breeze and nearly reach the top of the mountains. Those particulates then disperse eastward at this upper level over the coastal sea and finally spread out over the open sea. Total suspended particulate (TSP) concentration near the surface of Kangnung city is very low. At night, synoptic scale westerly winds intensify due to the combined effect of the synoptic scale wind and land breeze descending the eastern slope of the mountains toward the coast and further seaward. This increase in speed causes development of internal gravity waves and a hydraulic jump up to a height of about 1km above the surface over the city. Particulate matter near the top of the mountains also descends the eastern slope of the mountains during the day, reaching the central city area and merges near the surface inside the nocturnal surface inversion layer (NSIL) with a maximum ground level concentration of TSP occurring at 0300 LST. Some particulates were dispersed following the propagation area of internal gravity waves and others in the NSIL are transported eastward to the coastal sea surface, aided by the land breeze. The following morning, particulates dispersed over the coastal sea from the previous night, tend to return to the coastal city of Kangnung with the sea breeze, developing a recycling process and combine with emitted surface particulates during the morning. These processes result in much higher TSP concentration. In the late morning, those particulates float to the top of the TIBL by the intrusion of the sea breeze and the ground level TSP concentration in the city subsequently decreases.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.403-418
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• 2018

This study conducted synoptic and mesoscale analyses to understand the cause of Japan Tsukuba tornado development, which occurred at 0340 UTC 6 May 2012. Prior to the tornado occurrence, there was a circular jet stream over Japan, and the surface was moist due to overnight precipitation. The circular jet stream brought cold and dry air to the upper-level atmosphere which let strong solar radiation heat the ground with clearing of sky cover. A tornadic supercell developed in the area of potentially unstable atmosphere. Sounding data at Tateno showed a capping inversion at 900 hPa at 0000 UTC 6 May. Strong insolation in early morning hours and removal of the inversion instigated vigorous updraft with rotation due to vertical shear in the upper-level atmosphere. This caused multiple tornadoes to occur from 0220 to 0340 UTC 6 May 2012. When comparing Tateno's climatological temperature and dew-point temperature profile on the day of event, the mid-level atmosphere was moister than typical sounding in the region. This study showed that tornado development in Tsukuba was caused by a combination of (a) topography and potential vorticity anomaly, which increased vorticity over the Kanto Plain; (b) vertical shear, which produced horizontal vortex line; and c) thermal instability, which triggered supercell and tilted the vortex line in the vertical.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

To measure atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and aerosol simultaneously, an efficient multi-function Raman lidar using an ultraviolet-wavelength laser has been developed. A high-performance spectroscopic box that utilizes multicavity interference filters, mounted sequentially at small angles of incidence, is used to separate the lidar return signals at different wavelengths, and to extract the signals with high efficiency. The external experiments are carried out for simultaneous detection of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and aerosol extinction coefficient in Beijing, under clear and hazy weather conditions. The vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor, and aerosol extinction coefficient are analyzed. The results show that for an integration time of 5 min and laser energy of 200 mJ, the mean deviation between measurements obtained by lidar and radiosonde is small, and the overall trend is similar. The statistical temperature error for nighttime is below 1 K up to a height of 6.2 km under clear weather conditions, and up to a height of 2.5 km under slightly hazy weather conditions, with 5 min of observation time. An effective range for simultaneous detection of temperature and water vapor of up to 10 km is achieved. The temperature-inversion layer is found in the low troposphere. Continuous observations verify the reliability of Raman lidar to achieve real-time measurement of atmospheric parameters in the troposphere.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1097-1113
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• 2012

Ozone is the secondary photochemical pollutant formed from ozone precursor such as nitrogen dioxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds(VOCs). The ambient concentration of ozone depends on several factors: sunshine intensity, atmospheric convection, the height of the thermal inversion layer, concentrations of nitrogen oxides and VOCs. Busan is located in the southeast coastal area of Korea so the ozone concentration of Busan is mainly affected from the meteorological variables related to the sea such as sea breeze. In this study the ozone concentrations of Busan in 2008~2010 were used to analyse the cause of the regional ozone difference in eastern area of Busan. The average ozone concentration of Youngsuri was highest in Busan however the average ozone concentration of Gijang was equal to the average ozone concentration of Busan in 2008~2010. The two sites are located in eastern area of Busan but the distance of two sites is only 9km. To find the reason for the difference of ozone concentration between Youngsuri and Gijang, the meteorological variables in two sites were analyzed. For the analysis of meteorological variables the atmospheric numerical model WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) was used at the day of the maximum and minimum difference in the ozone concentration at the two sites. As a result of analysis, when the boundary layer height was lower and the sea breeze was weaker in Youngsuri, the ozone concentration of Youngsuri was high. Furthermore when the sea breeze blew from the south in the eastern area of Busan, the sea breeze at Youngsuri turned into the southeast and the intensity of sea breeze was weaker because of the mountain in the southern region of Youngsuri. In that case, the difference of ozone concentration between Youngsuri and Gijang was considerable.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 1994

A special upper-air observation including airsonde and pibal observations was performed to investigate the characteristics features of the vertical distribution of the meteorological elements over Taegu on a selected clear day of each season from October 1991 to August 1992. The diurnal and seasonal variations of the vertical profiles of air temperature and mixing ratio were obtained from airsonde observations and wind speed and direction from pibal observations. The results of these special upper-air observations are as follow : The diurnal variation of the vertical distribution of air temperature reveals the characteristic features associated with the atmospheric boundary layer. All case days, except for the summer season, show upper-level inversion layer which influenced by surface high, and surface inversion layer produced by radiative cooling. The diurnal variation of mixing ratio shows the maximum vale at 1500 LST in both the upper and low levels, and is larger on the lower level than the upper level. The mixing ratio of the lower level is larger than that of the upper level. On the average the mixing ratio decrease with the height, and is the wettest on the summer case day and the driest on the winter case day. The diurnal variation of the wind velocity and direction are variable in the lower level with time and height, while they are steady in the upper level. On the average, the wind direction is southerly or southeasterly for the summer case day, westerly or northwesterly for the spring and fall case days, and northerly or northwesterly for the winter case day.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.356-361
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• 2003

The objective of this study is a qualitative comparison between line-integrated OH chemiluminescence ($OH{\ast}$) image and its Abel inversion image at different phase of the oscillating pressure field. PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) measurements were conducted under non-reacting conditions to see the global flow structure. Also NOx emission was measured to investigate the effect of fuel-air premixing on combustion instability and emission characteristics. Experiments were carried out in an atmospheric pressure, laboratory-scale dump combustor operating on natural gas. Combustion instabilities in present study exhibited a longitudinal mode with a dominant frequency of ${\sim}341.8$ Hz, which corresponded to a quarter wave mode of combustor. Heat release and pressure waves were in-phase when instability occurred. Results gave an insight about the location where the strong coherence of pressure and heat release existed. Also an additional information on active control to suppress the combustion instabilities was obtained. For lean premixed combustion, strong correlation between $OH{\ast}$ and NOx emissions was expected largely due to the exponential dependence of thermal NOx mechanism on flame temperature.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

The errors in retrieved aerosol backscattering coefficients due to different lidar ratios are analyzed quantitatively in this paper. The actual calculation shows that the inversion error of the aerosol backscattering coefficients using the Fernald backward-integration method increases with increasing inversion distance. The greater the error in the lidar ratio, the faster the error in the aerosol backscattering coefficient increases. For the same error in lidar ratio, the smaller actual aerosol backscattering coefficient will get the larger relative error of the retrieved aerosol backscattering coefficient. The errors in the lidar ratios for dust or the cirrus layer have great impact on the retrievals of backscattering coefficients. The interval between the retrieved height and the reference range is one of the important factors for the derived error in the aerosol backscattering coefficient, which is revealed quantitatively for the first time in this paper. The conclusions of this article can provide a basis for error estimation in retrieved backscattering coefficients of background aerosols, dust and cirrus layer. The errors in the lidar ratio of an aerosol layer influence the retrievals of backscattering coefficients for the aerosol layer below it.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1053-1068
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• 2008

This study aims to produce fundamental database for Environment Impact Assessment by monitoring vertical structure of the atmosphere due to the mountain valley wind in spring season. For this, we observed surface and upper meteorological elements in Sangin-dong, Daegu using the rawinsonde and automatic weather system(AWS). In Sangin-dong, the weather condition was largely affected by mountains when compared to city center. The air temperature was low during the night time and day break, and similar to that of city center during the day time. Relative humidity also showed similar trend; high during the night time and day break and similar to that of city center during the day time. Solar radiation was higher than the city, and the daily maximum temperature was observed later than the city. The synoptic wind during the measurement period was west wind. But during the day time, the west wind was joined by the prevailing wind to become stronger than the night time. During the night time and daybreak, the impact of mountain wind lowered the overall temperature, showing strong geographical influence. The vertical structure of the atmosphere in Dalbi valley, Sangin-dong had a sharp change in air temperature, relative humidity, potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature when measured at the upper part of the mixing layer height. The mixing depth was formed at maximum 1896m above the ground, and in the night time, the inversion layer was formed by radiational cooling and cold mountain wind.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.293-296
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• 2008

Land surface Temperature (LST) is a very useful surface parameter for the wide range of applications, such as agriculture, numerical and climate modelling community. Whereas operational observation of LST is far from the needs of application community in the spatial Itemporal resolution and accuracy. So, we developed split-window type LST retrieval algorithm to estimate the LST from MTSAT-IR data. The coefficients of split-window algorithm were obtained by means of a statistical regression analysis from the radiative transfer simulations using MODTRAN 4 for wide range of atmospheric profiles, satellite zenith angle and lapse rate conditions including the surface inversions. The sensitivity analysis showed that the LST algorithm reproduces the LST with a reasonable quality. However, the LST algorithm overestimates and underestimates for the strong surface inversion and superadiabatic conditions especially for the warm temperature, respectively. And the performance of LST algorithms is superior when satellite zenith angle is small. The accuracy of the retrieved LST has been evaluated with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST data. The validation results showed that the correlation coefficients and RMSE are about 0.83${\sim}$0.98 and 1.38${\sim}$4.06, respectively. And the quality of LST is significantly better during night and winter time than during day and summer. The validation results showed that the LST retrieval algorithm could be used for the operational retrieval of LST from MTSAT-IR and COMS(Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite) data with some modifications.