• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2008

In order to clarify the impact of anti-heat insulation pavement on the thermal structure of atmospheric boundary layer, field experiments and numerical simulations were carried out. Field experiment with various pavements were also conducted for 24 hours from 09LST 19 June 2007. And numerical experiment mainly focused on the impact of albedo variation, which is strongly associated with thermal characteristics of insulated pavement materials, on the temporal variation of planterly boundary layer. Numerical model used in this study is one dimension model with Planterly Boundary Layer developed by Oregon State University (OSUPBL). Because anti-heat insulation pavement material shows higher albedo value, not only maximum surface temperature but also maximum surface air temperature on anti-heat insulation pavement is lower than that on asphalt. The maximum value of surface temperature only reach on $49.5^{\circ}C$. As results of numerical simulations, surface sensible heat flux and the height of mixing layer are also influenced by the values of albedo. Therefore the characteristics of urban surface material and its impact on atmosphere should be clarified before the urban planning including improvement of urban heat environment and air quality.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2012

The mean wind speed and turbulence intensity profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer were extracted from a LIDAR remote sensing campaign in order to apply for CFD validation. After considering the semi-steady state field data requirements to be used for CFD validation, a neutral atmosphere campaign period, in which the main wind direction and the power-law exponent of the wind profile were constantly maintained, was chosen. The campaign site at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, surrounded by 40~50m high hills, with an apartment district spread beyond the hills, is to be classified as a semi-complex terrain. Nevertheless, wind speed profiles measured up to 100m above the ground fitted well into a theoretical-experimental logarithmic-law equation. The LIDAR remote-sensing data of the sub-layer of the atmospheric boundary layer has been proven to be superior to the data obtained by conventional extrapolation of the wind profile with 2 or 3 anemometer measurements.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.251-254
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• 1998

The ($0.8BaTiO_3-0.1SrTiO_3-0.1MgTiO_3$)+$0.006Nb_2O_5$ ceramics were fabricated by conventional ceramic process. The dielectric property of specimen was investigated that the specimen was sintering temperature at 1,300C for 3hours and then annealed at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 3hours in a atmosphere (air) to be painted on the surface with CuO paste. The results of the temperature and frequency are varied, the dielectric constant and loss tangent are unsuitable for BL capacitor. The dielectric constants were varied to be negative temperature coefficient(2.000-3,000) in the temperature range between -10 and $140^{\circ}C$, the dissipation factors (tan $\delta$) were some high(0.1-0.3). It was not grain insulation, in cause of the some difficult to be annealed temperature with CuO paste and fired atmosphere. But, we have some different annealing temperature and fired atmosphere, it will be suitable BL(Boundary Layer)capacitor.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the sudden rise of fine particle concentration after the passage of typhoon USAGI and NARI in Busan. Nocturnal inversion layer was formed at atmospheric boundary layer and wind direction changed from southerly wind to northeasterly wind after USAGI passed through Busan. Fine particle concentration in Busan rapidly increased by subsidence of air pollutants released from sources and dust transported from in the vicinity of industrial regions. Wind direction changed from northeasterly wind to southeasterly wind, wind velocity increased and lower atmosphere became extremely unstable after NARI passed through Busan. $PM_{10}$ concentration of Busan increased sharply because of surface dust dispersed by strong wind. Fine particle concentration generally decreases by precipitation and wind after typhoon passes through. However, the concentration can also go up not only by subsidence and transportation in nocturnal inversion layer but also by surface dust which temporarily occurs by strong wind.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.687-708
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• 2014

The performance of the $k-{\varepsilon}$ and $k-{\omega}$ two-equation turbulence models was investigated in computational simulations of the neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer developing above various terrain types. This was achieved by using a proposed methodology that mimics the experimental setup in the boundary layer wind tunnel and accounts for a decrease in turbulence parameters with height, as observed in the atmosphere. An important feature of this approach is pressure regulation along the computational domain that is additionally supported by the nearly constant turbulent kinetic energy to Reynolds shear stress ratio at all heights. In addition to the mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy commonly simulated in previous relevant studies, this approach focuses on the appropriate prediction of Reynolds shear stress as well. The computational results agree very well with experimental results. In particular, the difference between the calculated and measured mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress profiles is less than ${\pm}10%$ in most parts of the computational domain.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2019

4차산업혁명시대에 드론은 새로운 기술과 접목할 수 있는 유연한 기기로 자리매김하였다. 드론은 처음에 군사용 무인 항공기로 개발되었으며, 지금은 다양한 분야(건설, 물류·운송, 소방·안전, 환경·기상, 농업, 뉴스·미디어, 등)에 활용되고 있다. 환경 기상 관측 부분에서 대기경계층은 지표면에 가까워 기상현상이 가장 활발히 일어나는 대기층으로 인간 활동에 밀접한 영향을 준다. 이러한 대기 경계층의 연구 수행을 위하여 하층 대기에 대한 정밀 관측이 필요하며, 이에 따른 관측 기술의 확보가 필수적이다. 기상 분야에서의 드론은 항공기, 라디오존데 등 기존 장비에 비하여 비교적 저렴한 유지비용으로 기상관측에 활용이 가능하며, 다양한 센서와 함께 활용할 경우, 대기경계층 및 국지 기상연구에 폭넓게 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국립기상과학원에서 보유중인 드론에 복합기상센서 및 라디오존데 센서를 탑재후 연직 기상관측(온도, 습도) 실험을 수행함으로써 드론을 활용한 기상관측의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대기
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2015

Vertical distribution of particle mass concentrations was estimated from 8-year elastic-backscatter lidar and sky radiometer data, and from ground-level PM10 concentrations measured in Seoul. Lidar ratio and mass extinction efficiency were determined from aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ground-level PM10 concentrations, which were used as constraints to estimate particle mass concentration. The mean lidar ratio (with standard deviation) and mass extinction efficiency for the entire 8-year study period were $60.44{\pm}23.17$ sr and $3.69{\pm}3.00m^2g^{-1}$, respectively. The lidar ratio did not vary significantly with the ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent (less than ${\pm}10%$); however, the mass extinction efficiency decreases to $1.82{\pm}1.67m^2g^{-1}$ (51% less than the mean value) when the ${\AA}ngstr{\ddot{o}}m$ exponent is less than 0.5. This result implies that the particle mass concentration from lidar measurements can be underestimated for dust events. Seasonal variation of the particle mass concentration estimated from lidar measurements for the boundary layer, was quite different from ground-level PM10 measurements. This can be attributable to an inhomogeneous vertical distribution of aerosol in the boundary layer.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

Microstructures and dielectric properties of (Sr$\_$1-x/Ca$\_$x/) TiO$_3$-0.006Nb$_2$O$\_$5/ (0.05$\leq$x$\leq$0.2) boundary layer ceramics were investigated. The samples fired in a reducing atmosphere(N$_2$) were painted on the surface with CuO paste for the subsequent grain boundary diffusion, and then annealed at 1100$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. The metal oxide of CuO infiltrated by thermal diffusion from surface of sample presents continuously in not grain but only grain boundary, and makes up thin boundary phase. The SEM photo, and EDAX revealed that CuO was penetrated rapidly into the bulk along the grain boundaries during the annealing. The average grain sizes is continuously increased as the content of substitutional Ca is increased from 5[mol%] to 15[mol%], but the average grain size of the sample with content of 20[mol%] Ca is slightly decreased. In the samples with content of 10∼15[mol%] Ca, excellent dielectric properties were obtained as follows; dielectric constant <25000, dielectric loss <0.3[%], and capacitance change rate as a function of temperature <${\pm}$10[%], respectively. All samples in this study exhibited dielectric relaxation with frequency as a functior of the temperature.

• 대기
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.3-18
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• 2004

Neglecting the vertical transport from the surface, most of the previous studies on the long-range transport of pollutants have only considered the horizontal transport caused by the free atmosphere wind. I used a three dimensional numerical model, MM5 (The fifth generation Penn State Univ./NCAR Mesoscale Model) for the simulation of vertical transport of pollutants and investigated the mechanism of the vertical transport of atmospheric pollutants between planetary boundary layer(PBL) and free atmosphere by fronts. From the three dimensional simulation of MM5, the amount of pollutants transport from PBL to free atmosphere is 48% within 18 hour after the development of front, 55% within 24 hour, and 53% within 30 hour. The ratios of the vertically transported pollutant for different seasons are 62%, 60%, 54%, and 43% for spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively. The most active areas for the vertical transport are the center of low pressure and the warm sector located east side of cold front, in which the strong upward motion slanted northward occurs. The horizontal advection of pollutants at the upper level is stronger than at the lower level simply because of the stronger wind speed. The simulation results shows the well known plum shape distribution of pollutants. The high concentration area is located in the center and north of the low pressure system, while the second highest concentration area is in the warm sector. It is shown that the most important mechanism for the vertical transport is vertical advection, while the vertical diffusion process plays an important role in the redistribution of pollutants in the PBL.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2023

대기경계층 고도는 지면의 가열로 인해 발생한 난류가 경계층 내의 열, 수증기 등을 혼합하면서 생성되는 꼭대기로 일반적으로 열역학적 방법을 통해 결정한다. 윈드프로파일러는 대기 중으로 보낸 신호의 산란 정보로 대기의 정보를 산출한다. 윈드프로파일러 관측으로 대기경계층 깊이를 결정하기 위해 난류 성분의 스펙트럼 및 난류운동에너지 소산율, 굴절지수구조계수를 산출하는 방법을 제시하였다. 라디오존데 자료를 기반으로 산출한 온위와 비습의 연직 분포 특징과 비교하여 윈드프로파일러 산출물 기반의 대기경계층 고도 결정 방법이 매우 유용한 것으로 평가되었다.