• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.863-870
• /
• 1996

The 46 patients were investigated with the congenital infant muscular torticollis referred Dept. of physical therapy in Dong San Medical Center from January in 1995 to January in 1996. 1. The ratio between males and females was scaled to 1.5 : 1.23 cases(50.0 %) were involved with left side and 22 cases(47.8 %) involved with right side, and one case was of bilaterality. 2. Sequence of birth, the first bone babys were the most distributed with 34cases(73.9 %), the second bone babys were followed with 11cases(23.9 %). 3. There were normal deliveries 60.8 %, Cearean section deliveries 23.9 %, difficulty deliveries .0 % and breech presentation was 2.2 %. 4. The case of cephalic asymmetry consisted 60.0 % of all congenital torticollis and most frequently found at the age of all $5\sim8$ weeks(45.7 %). In 26.1 % of all congenital torticollis cases, facial asymmetry was found and these cases were most frequently in the age of $5\sim8$ weeks(26.1 %), also in the age group of $9\sim12$ weeks and $17\sim20$ weeks consecutively(each 3 %).(P<0.05) 5. The duration of therapy required differently according to the severity of the torticollis, in mild cases, it took $1\sim2$ weeks cases(30.4 %) revealed high therapeutic effect in 54.3 % of the cases. In moderately involved cases(30.4 %), therapy required $3\sim4$ weeks in 13 % of the cases showed improvements. In the most severely involved cases, (7 %) it took more than $9\sim10$ weeks of therapy and showed improvement in 6.5 % only.(P<0.005) 6. The result of this study showed the best therapeutic effects were noticed in the mild cases of congenital torticollis(24 cases 45.6 %) and excellent improvement in moderately involved cases (28.1 %) and 13.1 % of the most severely involved cases(P<0.05).

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2017

Purpose: To optimize the saturation time and maximizing the pH-weighted difference between the normal and ischemic brain regions, on 3-tesla amide proton transfer (APT) imaging using an in vivo rat model. Materials and Methods: Three male Wistar rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and were examined in a 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. APT imaging acquisition was performed with 3-dimensional turbo spin-echo imaging, using a 32-channel head coil and 2-channel parallel radiofrequency transmission. An off-resonance radiofrequency pulse was applied with a Sinc-Gauss pulse at a $B_{1,rms}$ amplitude of $1.2{\mu}T$ using a 2-channel parallel transmission. Saturation times of 3, 4, or 5 s were tested. The APT effect was quantified using the magnetization-transfer-ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm with respect to the water resonance (APT-weighted signal), and compared with the normal and ischemic regions. The result was then applied to an acute stroke patient to evaluate feasibility. Results: Visual detection of ischemic regions was achieved with the 3-, 4-, and 5-s protocols. Among the different saturation times at $1.2{\mu}T$ power, 4 s showed the maximum difference between the ischemic and normal regions (-0.95%, P = 0.029). The APTw signal difference for 3 and 5 s was -0.9% and -0.7%, respectively. The 4-s saturation time protocol also successfully depicted the pH-weighted differences in an acute stroke patient. Conclusion: For 3-tesla turbo spin-echo APT imaging, the maximal pH-weighted difference achieved when using the $1.2{\mu}T$ power, was with the 4 s saturation time. This protocol will be helpful to depict pH-weighted difference in stroke patients in clinical settings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.6237-6245
• /
• 2013

This study examined the effects of backward walking with rhythmic auditory stimulation on the gait and balance of stroke patients. Twenty-one people were divided randomly into three groups; group I(n=7, forward walking), group II(n=7, backward walking), group III(n=7, backward walking by rhythmic auditory stimulation). Each group was trained for 30 minutes 5 times per week for 3 weeks, and was evaluated using a 10m walking test, time up and go test, functional reach test, stride length and step length asymmetry ratio. As a result, the pre- to post-test measures revealed a significant effect in each group on the gait speed, gait symmetry and balance(p<.05). The walking speed, gait symmetry and balance were higher in group II (p<.05) than in group I and it was the highest in group III(p<.05). The stride length was higher in group II and group III(p<.05) than in group I. In conclusion, for stroke patients, backward walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation is effective on the gait speed, gait symmetry and balance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.643-647
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of study was to investigate the correlationship between lip canting change and occlusal canting change after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, and the ratio of lip canting change and occlusal canting change after the surgery. Patients and methods: The subjects for this study was obtained from a group of 25 patients who took bimaxillary orthognathic surgery for occlusal canting correction at the Department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea between January 2000 and December 2005 and a patient's chart had to contain a resting frontal facial photograph in natural head position and a corresponding PA cephalogram in occlusion on the same day before the surgery and post-op 6 months later. The lip canting change was assessed with the angle each labial commissure and the bipupilary reference line. And, the occlusal caning change in the frontal plane was assessed with the angle between the each maxillary first molar occulasal surface and the bi-frontozygomatic suture reference line. Results: In angular measurement, average occlusal canting change was $3.09^{\circ}$ and standard deviation was $1.05^{\circ}$, average lip canting change was $1.56^{\circ}$ and standard deviation was $1.05^{\circ}$. In linear measurement, average occlusal canting change was 2.41mm and standard deviation was 2.75mm, average lip canting change was 1.18mm and standard deviation was 0.43mm. Lip canting correction ration to occlusal canting correction was 51.5(${\pm}8.4$)% in angular measurement and 48.8(${\pm}9.1$)% in linear measurement. Under Pearson's correlation analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.869 in angular measurement and 0.887 in linear measurement(p-value < 0.01). High correlationship was shown between occlusal canting change and lip canting change. Conclusion: First, Bimaxillary orthognathic surgery can correct lip canting as well as occlusal canting. Second, The average amount of lip canting correction is $51.5{\pm}8.4%,\;48.8{\pm}9.1%$ of occlusal canting correction in the study.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.55-74
• /
• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the back shape and self-conscious symptoms of the students in S High school using the phase-shifting scanning grating projection Moire interferometer and Questionnaire investigations. Methods : In this study the subjects consisted of 317 pupils[168 boys(53%), 149girls(47%)] attending S high school in Sungnamsi, Kyoungkido in 2002. Their ages ranged from sixteen to eighteen. With the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, the posterior views of the body were taken to see if there are correlation of remainder value of the height spot of left & right shoulder blade and gluteal region in Moire topography. And using questionnaire investigation, we investigated the self-conscious symptoms. Results : 1. In questionnaire investigation, we observed that the ratios of self-conscious symptoms of girls are more than that of boys. The ratios of headache, neck pain, lower back pain, digestive symptom were more than 70% in boys and girls. 2. In Moire topography, more frequent findings of scapular region were observed that left scapular area were higher than right(in boys 69.3%, 60%, 100%, aged 16,17,18, in girls 66.8%, 40.5%, 58.8% aged 16,17,18). 3. More frequent findings of gluteal region were observed that left scapular area were higher than right(in boys 75.2%, 60%, 36.4% aged 16,17,18, in girls 61.1%, 46.8%, 64.7% aged 16,17,18) 4. More frequent findings of reminder value of the vertical lines of cervical and buttock region in Moire topography were observed that the vertical lines of cervical region were inclined to left than the vertical lines of buttock(in boys 73.3%, 92.2%, 100% aged 16,17,18, in girls 72.2%, 77.2%, 73.5% aged 16,17,18) Conclusion : From these results, we found that the self-conscious symptoms were more than in girls than boys; the ratio of headache, neck pain, Lower back pain, digestive symptom was more than the others; the back shape of high school students were not balanced in scapular and buttock region; necks were inclined to left than buttock.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.397-409
• /
• 2015

The Global Financial Crisis and introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) urged the banks to strengthen their asset qualities. The banks dispose their non performing loans(NPLs) consistently to maintain a sufficient BIS capital adequacy ratio. Accordingly, the interests in auctions, as a disposal method, of real estates that secured for NPLs are on the increasing. This study suggest an alternative for fairness consolidation of real estate auctions which secured for NPLs. First, the impartial entry barriers for NPL sales markets need to be eliminated for fair bidding competition in auctions for real estate that secured for NPLs. In addition, the portion of NPL disposal by real estate auctions need to be expanded. Second, the asymmetry of trade information in the retail markets of NPLs and the abuse of offset by NPL owners' also should be restricted. The Fairness improvement of NPL trading process and real estate auction process that secured for them would of great use in the protection of bidders. Futhermore, it would also contribute to the revitalization of real estate auction markets and the resolution of NPLs of banks through fair disposal of distressed assets.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.149-156
• /
• 1993

Intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl)propane (Py-3-Py) and fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to examine the effects of ethanol on the rate and range of lateral diffusion of bulk bilayer structures of plasma membrane vesicles isolated from cultured mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0-Ag14 (Sp2/0-PMV). In a concentration-dependent manner, ethanol increased the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in the Sp2/0-PMV and decreased the anisotropy (r), limiting anisotropy $(r_{\infty})$, and order parameter (S) of DPH in the Sp2/0-PMV. This indicates that ethanol increased both the lateral and rotational diffusion of the probes in the Sp2/0-PMV. Selective quenching of DPH by trinitrophenyl groups was utilized to examine the transbilayer asymmetric rotational diffusion of the Sp2/0-PMV. The anisotropy (r), limiting anisotropy $(r_{\infty})$, and order parameter (S) of DPH in the inner monolayer were 0.022, 0.029, and 0.063, respectively, greater than calculated for the outer monolayer of the Sp2/0-PMV. Selective quenching of DPH by trinitrophenyl groups was also utilized to examine the transbilayer asymmetric effects of ethanol on the range of rotational diffusion of the Sp2/0-PMV. Ethanol had a greater fluidizing effect on the outer monolayer as compared to the inner monolayer of the Sp2/0-PMV. It has been proven that ethanol exhibits a selective rather than nonselective fluidizing effect within transbilayer domains of the Sp2/0-PMV.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.139-169
• /
• 2009

This paper introduces the modified VaR which takes into account the asymmetry and fat-tails of financial asset distribution, and then compares its out-of-sample forecast performance with traditional VaR model such as historical simulation model and Riskmetrics. The empirical tests using stock indices of 6 countries showed that the modified VaR has the best forecast accuracy. At the test of independence, Riskmetrics and GARCH model showed best performances, but the independence was not rejected for the modified VaR. The Monte Carlo simulation using skew t distribution again proved the best forecast performance of the modified VaR. One of many advantages of the modified VaR is that it is appropriate for measuring VaR of the portfolio, because it can reflect not only the linear relationship but also the nonlinear relationship between individual assets of the portfolio through coskewness and cokurtosis. The empirical analysis about decomposing VaR of the portfolio of 6 stock indices confirmed that the component VaR is very useful for the re-allocation of component assets to achieve higher Sharpe ratio and the active risk management.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.21-38
• /
• 2014

This study investigates whether and how a firm's cost of equity is influenced by the extent of a firms's name change. Even though corporate name change doesn't give any benefit to investors, it can be a signaling about firm's future valuation. And also, if that signaling has high credibility, it can be decrease information cost and the firm's cost of equity. on the contrary to this, if corporate name change is kind of break with the past and corporate image laundering, it is bad signaling to investors. So it can be increase information risk and the firm's cost of equity. Using yearly cross-sectional regressions of the cost of equity on our proxies for corporate name change, size, beta, market-to-book ratio and other innate risk factor over the 2005-2010, we find that the cost of capital is positively associated with corporate name change after controlling for all other factors. This result implies that corporate name change increase information risk of the business, and thus increase information asymmetries between managers and outside investors with respect to a firm's true future value. This increases information risk, and creates an adverse selection problem, on the part of outside investors. Rational investors therefore demand a premium for bearing this corporate name change-related information risk, which in turn leads us to observe a positive relation between the intensity of corporate name change and the cost of equity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.243-249
• /
• 2020

This study analyzes the earnings management that can occur in the process of public offering in the process of SMEs reducing cost of capital, risks and seeking opportunities for direct financing. Since a company is subject to strict supervision during the IPO process, it is possible to prevent the phenomenon that the company value evaluated in the market is underestimated, or to perform earnings management in consideration of overestimation. This study attempted to verify the degree of earnings management through discretionary accruals and actual earnings management values that can affect the earnings ratio of the IPO of a company. For this study, total accruals were calculated and analyzed through discretionary accruals, sales, costs, and actual earnings management adjustments from production activities. As a result of the analysis, discretionary accruals, which are the countermeasures for earnings management during the listing process, have a positive(+) relationship in both the stock price return and the sales adjustment value, which can be viewed as a factor that induces high valuation. As a result of this, there may be a risk of adverse selection for the benefit amount, and information asymmetry may exist for public offering stocks. This study can provide useful guidelines for evaluating corporate value to domestic SMEs and investors that do business with Chinese companies as well as China through the current and type of earnings management of Chinese listed companies.