• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2007

본 연구는 환경분쟁에서 주민과 기업이 각각 자신의 대리인과 조건부로 계약을 하는 대리인 모형을 설정하고, 비대칭배상 제도의 효과를 분석한다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 비대칭배상은 주민의 기대잉여를 증가시켜 환경분쟁의 빈도를 높인다. (2) 비대칭배상은 법정에서의 기대차액을 감소시켜 합리적인 분쟁당사자의 화해가능성을 높인다. (3) 이러한 화해는 총법정노력을 감소시킴으로써 사회적 비용이 감소한다. (4) 분쟁이 화해에 이르지 않고 법정소송으로 귀결되는 경우, 대리인들의 총법정노력이 증가한다. 이 경우에는 Tullock (1967, 1980)이 제시한 지대낭비의 관점에서 사회적 비용이 증가하게 된다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.325-336
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• 2022

This paper analyzes the ground surface settlements induced by side-by-side twin shield tunnels bored in sedimentary soils, which primarily consist of sand with clay strata above the tunnel crown. The measurements were obtained during the construction of twin tunnels underneath the Incheon International Airport (IIA) located in Korea. The measured surface settlement troughs are approximated with Gaussian functions. The trough width parameters i and K of the settlement troughs produced by the first and second tunnel passings are determined, along with those for the total settlement trough. The surface settlement troughs produced by the first shield passing are reasonably represented by a symmetric Gaussian curve. The surface settlement troughs induced by the second shield tunnel display marginal asymmetric shapes at selected sections. The total settlement troughs are fitted both with a shifted symmetric Gaussian function and the superposition method utilizing an asymmetric function for the incremental trough produced by the second tunnel. It is revealed that the superposition method does not always produce better fits with the total settlement. Instead, the shifted symmetric Gaussian function is overall demonstrated to provide more favorable agreements with the recordings. Therefore, the shifted symmetric Gaussian function is recommended to be used in the design for the prediction of the settlement in clays caused by twin tunneling considering the simplicity of the procedure compared with the superposition method. The amount of increase in the width parameter K for the twin tunnel relative to that for the single tunnel is quantified, which can be used for a preliminary estimate of the surface settlement in clay induced by twin shield tunnels.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2023

Designing pile foundations subjected to the uplift forces such as buildings, oil platforms, and anchors is becoming increasingly concerned. In this paper, the conceptual design of a new type of driven piles called expanding pile is presented and assessed. Some grooves have been created in the shaft of the novel pile, and some moveable arms have been designed at the pile tip. At first, static analyses using the finite element method were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovative pile on the axial bearing capacity. Then its effect on seismic behavior of moment frame is considered. Results show that the expanding arms were provided an ideal anchorage system because of the soil's noticeable locking-up effect increasing uplift bearing capacity. For example at the end of the static tensile loading procedure, displacement decrement up to 55 percent is observed. In addition, comparing the uplift bearing capacity of the usual and new pile with different lengths in sand and clay layers shows noticeable effect and sharp increase up to about two times especially in longer piles. Besides, a sensible reduction in the seismic response and the stresses in the beam-column connection between 23-36 percent are achieved that ensures better seismic behavior of the structures.