• 유통과학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

이 연구는 기업연상의 유형을 기업능력연상과 사회적 책임연상으로 구분하고, 기업연상의 유형에 따라 기업과 연관되는 소비자의 자아 유형이 다르며, 기업과 소비자의 자아와의 연관성이 기업의 개별브랜드충성도에 영향을 미치는 과정을 분석하였다. 기업능력연상이 자신의 능력이나 개인적 성공의 관점에서 자신의 개인적 자아와 연관성을 형성하고, 기업의 사회적 책임연상은 다른 사람들의 시선에 관련된 소비자의 사회적 자아와의 연관성을 형성함을 탐색하고, 소비자의 개인적 자아 및 사회적 자아와의 연관성은 기업과의 동일시를 유도함을 분석하였다. 그리고 개인적 자아연관성은 기업의 개별브랜드 충성도에 직접적으로 긍정적인 영향을 주고, 또 동일시를 통하여 개별 브랜드의 충성도에 영향을 미침을 탐색하였다. 그런데 사회적 자아연관성은 직접적인 영향을 주지 않고 동일시를 통하여 개별 브랜드의 충성도에 영향을 미침을 탐색하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.444-454
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• 2022

Objectives: We aimed to identify the factors related to depression and quality of life in patients with hypertension by using multilevel regression analysis. Methods: In 2019, 229 043 participants in the Korean Community Health Survey were selected as the study group. Individual factors were identified using data from the 2019 Community Health Survey. Regional factors were identified using data from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Multilevel regression analysis was conducted to find individual and local factors affecting depression and quality of life in patients with hypertension and to determine any associated interactions. Results: As individual factors in patients with hypertension, women, those with lower education-levels, recipients of basic livelihood benefits, and those with poor dietary conditions showed stronger associations with depression and quality of life. As regional factors and individual-level variables in patients with hypertension, lower gross regional personal income, fewer doctors at medical institutions, and lower rates of participation in volunteer activities presented stronger associations with depression and quality of life. In addition, the associations of depression with gross regional personal income, the number of doctors at medical institutions, and dietary conditions were significantly stronger in patients with hypertension than in patients without hypertension. The associations of gender and employment status with quality of life were also significantly greater. Conclusions: Policy interventions are needed to adjust health behaviors, prevent depression, and improve quality of life for patients with hypertension, especially for those with the risk factors identified in this study.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2014

Following the collaborator meetings report towards practical engineering education at universities(June 2010), the Pioneering University Reform Project supported by The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT) of Japan solicited opinions from industry, professional associations, and academia on the goals of the individual fields, as well as common goals, that could be adaptable and applicable for a broad range of universities and curricula. This paper gives an overview of two surveys that were conducted, as well as a summary of the mechanical engineering goals as an example of the individual fields.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.308-322
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate associations between contextual characteristics and unmet healthcare needs in South Korea after accounting for individual factors. Methods: The present study used data from the 2012 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) of 228 902 adults residing within 253 municipal districts in South Korea. A multilevel analysis was conducted to investigate how contextual characteristics, defined by variables that describe the regional deprivation, degree of urbanity, and healthcare supply, are associated with unmet needs after controlling for individual-level variables. Results: Of the surveyed Korean adults, 12.1% reported experiencing unmet healthcare needs in the past. This figure varied with the 253 districts surveyed, ranging from 2.6% to 26.2%. A multilevel analysis found that the association between contextual characteristics and unmet needs varied according to the factors that caused the unmet needs. The degree of urbanity was associated with unmet need due to "financial burden" (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.66 for rural vs. metropolitan), but not unmet need due to "service not available when needed." There were no significant associations between these unmet need measures and regional deprivation. Among individual-level variables, income level showed the highest association with unmet need due to "financial burden" (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 4.76 to 6.66), while employment status showed a strong association with unmet need due to "service not available when needed." Conclusions: Our finding suggests that different policy interventions should be considered for each at-risk population group to address the root cause of unmet healthcare needs.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.38.1-38.9
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• 2020

Chronotype is an important moderator of psychiatric illnesses, which seems to be controlled in some part by genetic factors. Clock genes are the most relevant genes for chronotype. In addition to the roles of individual genes, gene-gene interactions of clock genes substantially contribute to chronotype. We investigated genetic associations and gene-gene interactions of the clock genes BHLHB2, CLOCK, CSNK1E, NR1D1, PER1, PER2, PER3, and TIMELESS for chronotype in 1,293 healthy Korean individuals. Regression analysis was conducted to find associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and chronotype. For gene-gene interaction analyses, the quantitative multifactor dimensionality reduction (QMDR) method, a nonparametric model-free method for quantitative phenotypes, were performed. No individual SNP or haplotype showed a significant association with chronotype by both regression analysis and single-locus model of QMDR. QMDR analysis identified NR1D1 rs2314339 and TIMELESS rs4630333 as the best SNP pairs among two-locus interaction models associated with chronotype (cross-validation consistency [CVC] = 8/10, p = 0.041). For the three-locus interaction model, the SNP combination of NR1D1 rs2314339, TIMELESS rs4630333, and PER3 rs228669 showed the best results (CVC = 4/10, p < 0.001). However, because the mean differences between genotype combinations were minor, the clinical roles of clock gene interactions are unlikely to be critical.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2022

Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is a common chronic condition among sedentary workers that causes long-term productivity loss. This study aimed to identify the relationships of individual and occupational factors with LBP among Bangladeshi online professionals. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 468 full-time online professionals who usually worked in a sitting position. One-month LBP complaints were assessed using a musculoskeletal subscale of subjective health complaints. The chi-square test was used to measure associations between categorical predictors and LBP, and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the variables significantly associated with LBP. Results: LBP within the last month was reported by 65.6% of participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that age >30 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.70) and being married (aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.97) had significant negative associations with LBP. Significant positive associations were found for spending >50 hours weekly on average working in a sitting position (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.49), being overweight and obese (aOR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.99), sleeping on a soft mattress (aOR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.80), and ex-smoking status (aOR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.41 to 7.87). Conclusions: A high prevalence of LBP was found among full-time online professionals. Long working hours in a sitting position showed a significant association with developing LBP. Smoking history, body mass index, and sleeping arrangements should also be considered while considering solutions for LBP prevalence among online professionals.

• 천문학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1999

UBVI CCD photometry has been obtained for a region around the Wolf-Rayet star WR 12. We found two young stellar associations in the observed field: the nearer one comprises the field members of Vela OBI association at d = 1.8kpc, while the farther one is the young open cluster Bochum 7 (Bo 7) at d = 4.8kpc. The stars associated with Bo 7 showed no central concentration which suggests that Bo 7 is not a young open cluster but simply a local concentration in the density of young stars belonging to the OB association (Vel OB3). These two associations have similar ages but remarkably different mass function slopes ($\Gamma$ = -2.1 $\pm$ 0.3 for Vel OBI and -1.0 $\pm$ 0.3 for Bo 7). The stars in Vel OBI shows an evident age spread (${\Delta}T\~ 9Myr$). We also found two strong H$\alpha$ emission stars - WR 12 and $\sharp$1066 - from narrow band H$\alpha$ photometry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.862-879
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• 2001

The walls of all higher plants are organized as a cellulosic, fibrillar phase embedded in a matrix phase composed of non-cellulosic polysaccharides, some proteins and, in most secondary walls, lignin. At the effective utilization of plant biomass, qualitative and quantitative analyses of plant cell walls are essential. Structural features of individual components are being clarified using newly developed equipments and techniques. However, "empirical" procedures to elucidate plant cell walls, which are not due to scientific definition of components, are still applied in some fields. These procedures may give misunderstanding for the effective utilization of plant biomass. In addition, interesting the investigation of wall organization is moving towards not only qualitatively characterisation, but also quantitation of the associations between wall components. These involve polysaccharide-polysaccharide and polysaccharide-lignin cross-links. Investigation of the associations is being done in order to understand the chemical structure, organization and biosynthesis of the cell wall and physiology of the plants. Procedures for qualitative and quantitative analyses based on the definition of cell wall components are reviewed focussing in nutritional elucidation of forage grasses by ruminant microorganisms.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2002

There are two major operation and management (O & M) systems in Korea, one by the Korea Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Corporation (KARICO), a government corporation, and the other by non-KARICO, which includes Irrigation associations (IAs) and individual farmers under the supervision of city or county authorities. Main issues and constraints in the irrigation facility management are: (1) The dual system of the irrigation water management system; management by KARICO and that by IAs, and (2) From the commencement of KAICO in 2000, farmers were exempted from water charge. This is opposite to the international trend, which follows' user pay principle: Main specific strategies to improve irrigation management system are: (1) Introduction of water metering for water charge as well as water conservation, (2) Adoption of demand-oriented irrigation rather than supply-oriented to reduce waste of water, (3) To augment farmer's participation by forming water user associations, (4) To maintain consistency of government policy, (5) To promote roles of local governments, and (6) To reestablish the role of KARICO.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제71권
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• pp.75-115
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• 2015

이 글은 $5{\cdot}18$ 관련 초상사진을 보면서 떠오른 연상들의 의미를 현상학적으로 기술한 것이다. 사진의 지시 대상은 각각 다르면서도 특이한 유형의 연상들을 불러일으킨다. 그리고 그 연상들에 따른 감정 체험도 다르게 나타난다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 $5{\cdot}18$ 초상사진들을 통해서 마주친 지시 대상에 대한 연상의 유형과 그 감정 체험을 기술하고, 그 의미를 구성한 것이다. 현상학에서 말하는 연상 개념들에 근거하고 있지만, 이 글에서는 연구자가 사진을 통해 직접 체험한 연상의 의미에 중점을 두어 $5{\cdot}18$민중항쟁에 대한 역사적 의미를 기술했다. 연구결과로 $5{\cdot}18$민중항쟁의 관점은 객관적인 학문 체계나 정치적인 이데올로기의 역학관계로 단순히 환수시켜 버릴 수 없다는 것이다. 그것은 항쟁에 참여한 개별자들마다의 근원적이고 충동적인 연민이 작용했고, $5{\cdot}18$민중항쟁의 근원은 이미 그들의 삶의 토대와 사랑의 공동체로서 힘의 의지에 있었다는 것이다.