• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.173-176
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• 2006

The relationship between source leaf position and photo-assimilate translocation and distribution was characterized for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) grown in the greenhouse. Three different positions of source leaf on the stem (first node above or below the first fruit cluster and $5^{th}$ node above the first fruit cluster) were tested for their influence on $^{14}CO_2$ assimilation and transfer to different parts of the plant. The leaves at the $5^{th}$ node above the first fruit cluster transferred the highest (57%) proportion of $C^{14}$ to other plant parts, followed by leaves home on the first node below the first fruit cluster (50%), and the first node above the first fruit cluster (39%). In all treatments, fruits served as the strongest sink for $C^{14}$, followed by stem, leaf, and root tissues. The leaf home on the $5^{th}$ node above the first fruit cluster transferred the largest amount of $C^{14}$ to the second fruit cluster.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 1971

The growth characteristics of Candida tropicalis KIST 351 on gas oil substrate under different culture conditions were investigated and the preliminary animal feeding experiments using this yeast as a partial substitute of fish meal was also conducted. The yeast assimilates effectively n-paraffins in gas oil ranging from $C_{16}$ to $C_{16}$ with its maximum cell growth at $33^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5 with aeration of 3 vvn and agitation of 900 rpm. The optimal concentrations of nitrogen sources, $HK_2PO_4$ and $Na_2HPO$ were 4, 2 and 0.5g/1, respectively. Ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate showed positive effect to cell growth with the optimal range of 5-10 ppm. In the feeding experiment with 3 and 5% incorporation of the gas oil grown yeast, neither adverse effects on growth of chicks nor toxic effect were observed. Protein content of the dried cell was 58.8% and its amino acid composition compared well with other single-cell protein products and FAO reference protein.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of light condition before and after chilling treatment started at different times of a day on the survival and physiological responses of cucumber seedlings grown in a greenhouse. Percent survival of cucumber seedling exposed to a chilling temperature of 2$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours varied considerably depending upon the initiation time of chilling treatment. Seedlings exposed to chilling treatment from 7:00 o clock, the end of a dark period, showed considerably lower % survival of 30.6% as compared to 90.2% in those exposed to the same treatment starting from 18:00 o clock, the end of a photoperiod. This difference in % survival was found to be closely associated with content of photosynthetic assimilates in seedlings. Relative amount of electrolyte leakage was 57.1% in seedlings chilled from 7:00 o clock and 25.9% in seedlings chilled from 18:00 o clock. Among the ions found in the electrolyte leakage, content of $K^{+}$ was the greatest, followed by that of N $a^{+}$, $Mg^{+}$ and $Ca^{+2}$. Light illumination for 2 hours or longer shortly before chilling treatment during the dark period was effective in increasing % survival of seedlings, probably because of increased photosynthetic assimilates in seedlings. Light illumination during a 48 hour chilling treatment at 3$^{\circ}C$ significantly reduced % survival to 43.3% as compared to 92.0% in seedlings kept continuously in darkness.ess.s.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1120-1124
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• 2005

Pseudomonas putida KCTC 1639 was newly identified as a potential producer of biodegradable medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. It exhibited a carbon assimilation pattern quite different from other known P. putida strains, but a more similar pattern with P. oleovorans, which assimilates the carbon sources mainly through ${\beta}$-oxidation rather than the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. The PHA synthesis gene cluster from P. putida KCTC1639 was composed of two gene loci; the PHA synthase gene locus and granule-associated gene locus, which were cloned and deposited in the GenBank under accession numbers AY286491 and AY750858 as a new nucleotide sequence, respectively. The molecular structure and amino acid homology of the new gene cluster were compared with those from Pseudomonas species, including other P. putida strains and P. oleovorans, and a higher than $90\%$ homology was observed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2008

'The eye' and 'the gaze' organize the visual system and distinguish the subject from the others. Recent philosophical thoughts have forcefully argued against the tradition characterized by the domination of the eye that assimilates the alterity of the others to one's own, cancels their alterity, and totalizes their differences within himself. In the speculative discourse modeled on the eye, the alienation of self in its other and the reflection of the object are linked together in such a way as to form a totality in which they are reflected into one's another, leaving absolutely no remainder outside. By contrast to this totalizing tendency of the eye, Sartre and Lacan propose the gaze that becomes constitutive of vision. The modern architecture reinforced subject's eye and clearly separated the others from subject Through Descartes's visual paradigm, space became homogeneous and nature was seized by architecture. However, recently the clear boundary between subject and object is disappearing. Lacan insisted that oneself's eye and the other's gaze are mixed up in human sight This means that the boundary between the subject and the other is indistinct and also the boundary between an object and landscape is meaningless in architecture. The overthrow of gaze in contemporary architecture appears in the form of trans-boundary, translucency and widen architectural notion and expression.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 1999

Uptake, assimilation and translocation of nitrogen and dry matter assimilation and translocation in ten rice cultivars were observed in no-till direct-sown rice-vetch cropping system. There was a large degree of variation in N-uptake, grain yield, nitrogen translocation efficiency and dry matter assimilation and translocation in tested rice cultivars. Forty kg N/ha base, as compound fertilizer (21-17-21% of N-P-K) three weeks after sowing and 30 kg N/ha top-dressed at panicle initiation stage as in the form of (NH$_4$)$_2$$CO_2$ was applied. ‘Newbounet’, ‘Daesanbyeo’, and ‘Hwayeongbyeo’ showed higher translocation efficiency. The contribution of pre-heading dry matter assimilates to grain ranged from 33% to 99% of dry grain weight. Dry matter of ‘Calrose 76’ was lower than Newbounet but N content was higher in Calrose 76 than Newbonnet. By maturity, N content in vegetative parts declined considerably more than dry matter, vegetative and reproductive parts, N translocation efficiency, and N harvest index. Nitrogen translocation efficiency was greater in ‘Nonganbyeo’, Daesanbyeo, and Newbounet. Grain N concentration was positively correlated with N concentration or N content of the vegetative parts at heading in Nonganbyeo, ‘Dasanbyeo’, ‘Dongjinbyeo’, and Newbonnet. These results indicated that the greater amount of dry matter and N accumulated before heading stage, the higher translocation rates of dry matter to grain and the greater net losses at maturity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 1999

Spikelet and vascular bundle development in rice panicles is considered to be the important elements in determining the genotype's yield capacity and translocation ability of assimilates into grains, respectively. This study was conducted to clarify the varietal differences of the spikelet and vascular bundle formations among three rice cultivars; Iksan 435 (japonica), Dongjinbyeo (japonica) and Namcheonbyeo (Tongl-type). Iksan 435 had more primary rachis branches (PRBs), secondary rachis branches (SRBs) and spikelets per panicle than Dongjinbyeo, but less than Namcheonbyeo. Among three cultivars, Namcheonbyeo showed the highest spikelet number per panicle which were differentiated SRBs mainly on PRBs of lower rachis nodes. And Namchenbyeo showed the highest number of large vascular bundle (LVB) as well as small vascular bundle (SVB) and it displayed the largest diameter of LVB. Between the two japonica cultivars, the numbers of LVBs end SVBs were significantly higher in Iksan 435 than those in Dongjinbyeo. The PRBs to LVBs ratio of Namcheonbyeo was twice as large as those of Dongjinbyeo and Iksan 435. These results indicate that the newly bred cultivar, Iksan 435, has improved yield capacity by increasing the number of especially rachis branches and spikelets formation as well as 1,000 grain weight, compared to other former japonicas.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

The generally accepted idea for carbohydrate translocation in plants is an osmotic pressure flow hypothesis. According to the hypothesis, a high concentration of carbohydrate in the phloem of carbohydrate synthesis regions (source) causes a water influx into the phloem. The generated osmotic potential in the phloem is responsible for long distance carbohydrate transport through the positive hydrostatic pressure. In regions of carbohydrate utilization and storage (sink), translocated carbohydrates are continuously metabolized and compartmentalized, generating a concentration gradient between source and sinks. In this system, carbohydrates load into the phloem (phloem loading) and unload out of the phloem (phloem unloading). Phloem-mobile herbicides that are applied to plants are also translocated from the source to sinks. However, some experimental results reveal that the patterns of phloem translocation between carbohydrates and herbicides are different. The differences are due, in part, to the physico-chemical properties of herbicides and to the absence/presence of specific carrier(s) in the phloem.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the patterns of dry matter (DM) production and accumulation, and to screen the relationships between related major growth characters and DM accumulation in four cassava varieties in Bogor $(6^{\circ}19'-6^{\circ}47'S,\;106^{\circ}21'-107^{\circ}13'E)$, West Java, Indonesia. Gading and Adiral developed an enough source and canopy in short at the early growth phase and then translocated assimilates to storage roots with a higher partitioning rate, even these varieties were considered as early-bulking varieties, which have superior source and sink potentials in increasing yield and DM of tubers. The root/shoot ratio (R/SR), total dry weight (TDW), leaf area duration, leaf area index (LAI), and number of tubers showed higher positive correlations with the dry weight of roots (DWR), and the direct effects of TDW, R/SR, and LAI on the DWR were higher. These characters were considered to be useful target characters to screen cassava varieties with high yield potential and high DM in aspect of tuber production.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.331-347
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• 2012

This paper describes the varying material model, the analysis method and the software development for reinforced concrete circular columns confined by spiral or hoop transverse steel reinforcement and subjected to eccentric loading. The widely used Mander model of concentric loading is adapted here to eccentric loading by developing an auto-adjustable stress-strain curve based on the eccentricity of the axial load or the size of the compression zone to generate more accurate interaction diagrams. The prediction of the ultimate unconfined capacity is straight forward. On the other hand, the prediction of the actual ultimate capacity of confined concrete columns requires specialized nonlinear analysis. This nonlinear procedure is programmed using C-Sharp to build efficient software that can be used for design, analysis, extreme event evaluation and forensic engineering. The software is equipped with an elegant graphics interface that assimilates input data, detail drawings, capacity diagrams and demand point mapping in a single sheet. Options for preliminary design, section and reinforcement selection are seamlessly integrated as well. Improvements to KDOT Bridge Design Manual using this software with reference to AASHTO LRFD are made.