• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2006

Objectives : To consider which questions are most useful clinically and to find a framework for assessment of suicidality or risk of suicide for adolescents. Methods : Authors reviewed and integrated both clinical works and researches about measures used to evaluate suicidal behaviors in adolescents. Results : The 'cascade approach' for assessment of suicidality was developed; the quality and quantity of 'distress' leads to an entry question to do with the 'quality of life' and whether it is worth living. These two questions lead to examinations of 'thoughts' which may lead to 'plans' which leads to 'threats' which then leads to 'deliberate self injury' and then on to a history of 'past suicide attempts'. Authors also suggested to use a summed score of cascade approach in clinical decisions and showed how to modify it up to different evaluation situations. Focusing on the good things helps not only to qualify suicidality but also to begin the search for solutions. Conclusion : In the clinical assessment process, while scales assist the clinician, there is nothing to supplant a sensitive clinical approach. The 'cascade approach' was proposed as a framework for assessing adolescents for suicidality.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 중소기업성장을 지원할 OLAP 데이터베이스 시스템을 구축하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 연구의 특징은 중소기업의 크기를 측정할 모델을 작성하는 것이다. 이 모델은 고용인력, 매출액, 수출액, 기술보유, 매출액 대비 기술개발투자비 비율 등의 5가지 기업크기 측정지표로 구성된다. 또한 단계적 기술개발자금 지원을 가능케 할 FREQUENCY 차원 테이블을 설계하는 것이다. FREQUENCY 차원을 포함한 3개 차원과 기업크기 측정모델을 사용하여 OLAP 데이터베이스 시스템을 구축한 것이다. 그리고 이 OLAP 데이터베이스 시스템을 이용하여 기 시행된 중소기업기술개발지원사업의 적정성을 평가해 보고 있다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

The purpose of Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is an integral component of decisions on proposed plans, projects, and actions. Adapted from the National Environmental Policy Act(NEPA, 1969) environmental impact statement in Korea has aimed to analyse and prepare the mitigation in the process of big scale development and major industrial planning. During the past 19 years EIS has played the central role for the environmental issues in the process of economic development. Nevertheless EIS act needs some modification in the system as well as in the contents of evaluation process. EIS should be served as decision-making process by assessing environmental issues in the beginning stage of proposed actions. Other consideration was suggested to make EIS system better used for environment conservation.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.241-248
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• 2011

Past theories on construction price formation have been shown to be inadequate in terms of their ability to represent real-life industry practice and price formation predictability. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework on construction price formation that integrates four theories within the domains of marketing, learning, resource management and economics. These are: (i) marketing pricing theory; (ii) experiential and organisational learning theory; (iii) resourced based theory and (iv) microeconomic theory. Utilising pricing theory from marketing, a foundation is able to be created for the procedure of construction price formation, namely: (i) identifying the objectives; (ii) assessing the tendering environment; and (iii) formation of the price. However, understanding contractors' decision making process in tender pricing as such can be attributed to theories of experiential learning and consequently organisational learning. It is argued that contractors do learn from past experience and history and are able to adapt to different market conditions. In formation of the price, neoclassical microeconomics is able to provide additional insight in terms of the supply and demand model and consideration of the market conditions. Interrelated with the microeconomic concept of scarcity, we appreciate that contractors do have limited resources that affect their tender pricing decisions and resource based theory is used to substantiate this. Integrating the various theories as a unity allows the broader reality to be visualised and add to our theoretical understanding of construction price formation.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2016

Causal inference methodologies have been developed for the past decade to estimate the unconfounded effect of an exposure under several key assumptions. These assumptions include, but are not limited to, the stable unit treatment value assumption, the strong ignorability of treatment assignment assumption, and the assumption that propensity scores be bounded away from zero and one (the positivity assumption). Of these assumptions, the first two have received much attention in the literature. Yet the positivity assumption has been recently discussed in only a few papers. Propensity scores of zero or one are indicative of deterministic exposure so that causal effects cannot be defined for these subjects. Therefore, these subjects need to be removed because no comparable comparison groups can be found for such subjects. In this paper, using currently available causal inference methods, we evaluate the effect of arbitrary cutoffs in the distribution of propensity scores and the impact of those decisions on bias and efficiency. We propose a tree-based method that performs well in terms of bias reduction when the definition of positivity is based on a single confounder. This tree-based method can be easily implemented using the statistical software program, R. R code for the studies is available online.