• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.254-260
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• 2019

Background: The primary aims of periodontal disease treatment is to remove dental plaque and calculus, the main causes of tooth loss, and restore periodontal tissue destroyed by inflammation. Periodontal disease treatment should also help maintain the alveolar bone, alleviate inflammation, and promote periodontal ligament cell proliferation, which is essential for tissue regeneration. Conventional antibiotics and anti-inflammatories have adverse side effects, especially during long-term use, so there is a need for adjunct treatment agents derived from natural products. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the herbal flavone baicalein has the osteogenic activity under inflammatory conditions, and assess the involvement of osteoblast immediate early response 3 (IER3) expression. Methods: Human osteoblastic MG-63 cells were cultured with the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in the presence and absence of baicalein. Proliferation was assessed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and expression of IER3 mRNA was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of IER3 protein levels and activation of associated signal transduction pathways were assessed using western blotting. Results: Baicalein increased IER3 mRNA and protein expression synergistically. In addition, baicalein reversed the suppression of cell proliferation, and the downregulation of osteogenic transcription factor runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Baicalein also upregulated the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2). The upregulation of IER3 by pro-inflammatory cytokines was blocked by pretreatment with inhibitors of AKT, p38, JNK, and ERK 1/2. Conclusion: Baicalein mitigates the deleterious responses of osteoblasts to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, IER3 enhanced the effect of baicalein via activation of AKT, p38, JNK, and ERK pathways.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.200-210
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• 2011

Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the changes in mandibular arch widths and buccolingual inclinations of mandibular posterior teeth after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Methods: Baseline and post-expansion cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of patients who initially had bilateral posterior cross-bite and underwent RME with a banded-type expander were assessed in this study. The patients included 9 boys (mean age: $13.97{\pm}1.17$ years) and 11 girls (mean age: $13.53{\pm}2.12$ years). Images obtained 6 months after retention were available for 10 of these patients. Eighteen angular and 43 linear measurements were performed for the maxilla and mandible. The measurements were performed on frontally clipped images at the following time points; before expansion (T1), after expansion (T2), and after retention (T3). Statistical significance was assessed with paired sample $t$-test at $p$ < 0.05. Results: T1-T2 comparisons showed statistically significant post-RME increases for all measurements; similarly, T2-T1 and T3-T1 comparisons showed statistically significant changes. The maxillary linear and angular measurements showed decreases after expansion, and mandibular linear and angular measurements increased after retention. Conclusion: All mandibular arch widths increased and mandibular posterior teeth were uprighted after RME procedure.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate aggravating factors of intermittent locking among temporomandibular joint using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorder (DC/TMD) diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 35 patients with intermittent locking history but normal intra-articular findings between September 2012 and June 2015 in Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital. A standardized DC/TMD assessment was performed on subjects with MRI findings. Clinical findings were assessed on the basis of maximum mouth opening (active & passive), self-reported habits, patients' age, gender, systemic diseases at the initial visit. First, chi square test was used to examine differences with variables and then risk factors for intermittent locking were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Self-reported bruxism was strongly associated with intermittent locking history. Conclusions: The new DC/TMD protocol is intended for use within any clinical setting and supports the full range of diagnostic activities from screening to definitive evaluation and diagnosis. Self-reported sleep bruxism has been associated with a higher likelihood of intermittent locking. Comorbidity is therefore a factor that must be assessed. It is necessary to consider the amount of contact of the teeth and the duration.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.27-35
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• 2001

Objective : Doctors who treat women in childbed have to pay attention to postpartum blues and depression which women in childbed can suffer from, as well as recovery of physical function. Methods : Subjects were 107 females who admitted in Woosuk Hospital of Oriental Medicine from September, 2000 to October, 2001 and made out the question paper within 10 days after delivery. The paper included EPDS(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and many items known to be the factors related to postpartum blues and depression. Results : The rate of postpartum depression assessed by EPDS was 16.8%. As the result of analysis, there were significant statistic corelations between each group assessed by EPDS and age parity relation with husband yes or no living with parents-in-law. But there were no significant corelations between each group assessed by EPDS and education religion yes or no occupation delivery method sex of infant marriage type yes or no rearing the infant. Conclusions : We recognized that insufficiency- of delivery experience and stress due to bad adaptation after delivery are possible to be risk factors of postpartum blues and depression. More research should be taken on the corelation between postpartum depression and yes or no living with parents-in-law, because this result is opposite to the trouble between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. In addition, more research is needed on corelation between physical condition, oriental-diagnosis of women in childbed and postpartum depression.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of handwriting on the writing assessment, according to whether the handwriting is excellent or bad. Methods: A total of 24 elementary and middle school teachers participated in this study and assessed 6 original writings and 6 transcriptions of the same original writings using the HWP 2007 program. Six writings were collected from elementary students of 4th to 6th grades, 3 of 6 students presented with excellent handwriting and 3 of 6 with bad handwriting. The assessments were done according to the standards of propositional knowledge assessment (You & Jeong, 2008). Results: In the excellent handwritings, the rules of orthography and the contents of introduction of the original writings were scored higher than those in the transcriptions. The difference between transcription and original writing showed minus scores in original writing assessments and plus scores in transcription assessments. In the propositional knowledge score and its subscales scores - content knowledge, text knowledge, language knowledge and text context knowledge -, were differences in transcription assessments significantly higher than those in original writing assessments. Several assessment indices - clarity of the ending, contents of introduction, appropriate contents, rules of orthography, structured composition and various vocabularies showed significantly higher differences in transcription assessments than those in original writing assessments. Conclusions: The excellent handwriting could be assessed high and the bad handwriting could be assessed low. These results suggest that we should consider the effects of handwriting factors on the results of writing assessment and that the transcription could be used for an accurate writing assessment.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.495-508
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the reliability, validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the Short Form of Bobath Memorial Hospital Fall Risk Assessment Scale (BMFRAS-SF). Methods: A validation study was conducted on 207 elderly patients aged over 65 who were admitted to Bobath Memorial Hospital. Fall risk scores of BMFRAS, composed of eight subscales (age, fall history, physical activity, consciousness level, communication, fall risk factors, underlying disease, and medications) were assessed from the electronic medical record. BMFRAS-SF was derived from eight subscales of the BMFRAS representing the significance between fallers and non-fallers (fall history, physical activity, fall risk factors, underlying disease, and medications). Internal consistency reliability and interrater reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha and kappa coefficient. Validity was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, factor analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values, and a receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) were generated. Results: Fallers had significantly higher risk scores than non-fallers in fall history, physical activity, fall risk factors, underlying disease, and medication scales. The BMFRAS-SF demonstrated acceptable Cronbach's alpha (.706) and kappa coefficients of .95. The BMFRAS-SF subscales showed good convergent validity and construct validity. The BMFRAS-SF presented good sensitivity(86.7%), specificity(67.9%), positive predictive value(42.9%) and good negative predictive value(94.8%) at a cut-off score of 5. Areas under the ROC curves were .860 for the BMFRAS and .861 for the BMFRAS-SF. Conclusion: The BMFRAS-SF was proved to be reliable and valid. It could be used for time-saving assessment and evaluation of the high risks for falls in clinical practice settings.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.10
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• pp.322-326
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• 2018

Purpose: The EDIN scale (${\acute{E}}chelle$ Douleur Inconfort Nouveau-$N{\acute{e}}$, neonatal pain and discomfort scale) and heart rate variability has been used for the evaluation of prolonged pain. The aim of our study was to assess the value of the newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation (NIPE) index and EDIN scale for the evaluation of prolonged pain in preterm infants with chest tube placement due to pneumothorax. Methods: This prospective observational study assessed prolonged pain in preterm infants with a gestational age between 33 and 35 weeks undergoing installation of chest tubes. Prolonged pain was assessed using the EDIN scale and NIPE index. Results: There was a significant correlation between the EDIN scale and NIPE index (r=-0.590, P=0.003). Prolonged pain is significantly more severe in the first 6 hours following chest tube installation (NIPE index: 60 [50-86] vs. 68 [45-89], P<0.002; EDIN score: 8 [7-11] vs. 6 [4-8], P<0.001). Conclusion: Prolonged pain can be accurately assessed with the EDIN scale and NIPE index. However, evaluation with the EDIN scale is time-consuming. The NIPE index can provide instantaneous assessment of prolonged and continuous pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.435-443
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• 2010

Purpose : The goal of this study was to identify the effects of treadmill walking training (TW) and ergometer bicycle training (EB) on gait and balance in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects consisted of 42 stroke patients. They were randomly divided to two groups: TW(n=20) and EB(n=22). Each group trained along with the conventional physical therapy, three times a week for six weeks. The ability of gait was assessed by the 10m walk test and Timed Up and Go test(TUG). The ability of balance was assessed by Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and Balance Performance Monitor(BPM). Results : There was no significant difference between the 10m walking test and TUG groups, but there was a statistical difference between before and after the training for all groups. The result of BBS that assessed balance showed a significant reduction between before and after the training for all groups, but there was no difference between the two groups. While the two groups showed no difference in the BPM assessment, only the EB showed a significant improvement of before and after the training in each group. Conclusion : The outcomes suggest that stroke patients can improve their gait and balance performance through the TW and EB trainings. Although dynamic mean balance showed significance from EB, no significant difference was found between two groups. Even though it cannot be determined through this study which training group is more effective among the above mentioned two, it could be suggested that each training is effective to gait ability and the ability of balance of stroke patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1435-1440
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• 2014

Background: It has been found that support given to women with breast cancer has a positive effect upon their reactions to the illness and may even prolong their survival. Perceived support needs assessment in breast cancer women could be considered as a necessary part of nursing function. Aim: The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the self-assessed support needs (SASN) questionnaire into Persian language and to investigate its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: After forward-backward translation of the questionnaire and making appropriate changes, we selected 160 women with breast cancer as our study sample. The psychometric properties of the SASN, including its internal consistency, test retest reliability, and construct validity were evaluated through the known-groups technique. Results: The calculated Kaiser Meyer Olkin was 0.756, indicating that the sample was sufficiently large to perform a satisfactory factor analysis. The six factors all together explained 50.7% of the variance; the first factor (diagnosing) explaining the biggest part of variance (10.9). Internal consistency reliability was 0.83 for the whole scale and the stability of test was 0.78. For the first factor, Cronbach's alpha was 0.90 and factor loadings of scale's items were found to deal with diagnosis subscale. The domains described patients' diagnosis, treatment, support, femininity and body image, family and friends and information. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the adapted version of the SASN was shown to be satisfactory. Thus, it can be used to investigate self-assessed support needs of Iranian women suffering from breast cancer since the SASN is a multi-domain scale.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 2010

Objective : This study assessed the efficacy of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with cage alone compared with ACDF with plate instrumentation for radiologic and clinical outcomes in two-level cervical degenerative disease. Methods : Patients with cervical degenerative disc disease from September 2004 to December 2009 were assessed retrospectively. A total of 42 patients received all ACDF at two-level cervical lesion. Twenty-two patients who underwent ACDF with cage alone were compared with 20 patients who underwent ACDF with plate fixation in consideration of radiologic and clinical outcomes. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Robinson's criteria and posterior neck pain, arm pain described by a 10 point-visual analog scale. Fusion rate, subsidence, kyphotic angle, instrument failure and the degenerative changes in adjacent segments were examined during each follow-up examination. Results : VAS was checked during each follow-up and Robinson's criteria were compared in both groups. Both groups showed no significant difference. Fusion rates were 90.9% (20/22) in ACDF with the cage alone group, 95% (19/20) in ACDF with the plate fixation group (p = 0.966). Subsidence rates of ACDF with cage alone were 31.81% (7/22) and ACDF with plate fixation were 30% (6/20) (p = 0.928). Local and regional kyphotic angle difference showed no significant difference. At the final follow-up, adjacent level disease developed in 4.54% (1/22) of ACDF with cage alone and 10% (2/20) of ACDF with plate fixation (p= 0.654). Conclusion : In two-level ACDF, ACDF with cage alone would be comparable with ACDF with plate fixation with regard to clinical outcome and radiologic result with no significant difference. We suggest that the routine use of plate and screw in 2-level surgery may not be beneficial.