• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.511-518
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the typology of response to unwanted sexual request, and find the characteristics according to the types. For this purpose, 332 college female students were surveyed. As a results, two group were identified through cluster analysis: assertive type and compliant type. Compliant type had more sexual experiences, consensual unwanted sex, reasons for sexual compliance. Furthermore, compliant type had more unstable attachment, rejection sensitivity, and loneliness. Implications related with prevention and education program for the high risk compliant group were discussed and ideas for health, education, psychological experts were suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.167-190
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop the cognitive behavioral group counseling program to relieve elementary children of speech anxiety and to examine its effects. The program was developed on the basis of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral activities. The cognitive activities were based on the REBT procedures, and affective activities included making child's nickname, finding out his own strengths and exchanging positive feedback each other and behavioral activities included training assertiveness, coaching and practicing speech behavior etc, Subjects were 14 elementary children from M elementary school in Gwangju. They had the highest scores at the speech anxiety test which was administrated to all the sixth graders of M elementary school. Seven subjects were randomly allocated to experimental group and control group respectively. Two speech anxiety tests and one speech behavior checklist were administrated as pre- and post-tests. The collected data was analyzed by ANCOVA. Research results demonstrated that the experimental group showed statistically significant changes in the scores of the speech anxiety test and the speech behavior checklist comparing with the control group. Then it was accepted that the program which was developed in this study could make effects on the reduction of elementary children's speech anxiety.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.46-59
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine associations of traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with sexual autonomy and identify factors influencing sexual autonomy among female university students of North Korean defectors. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed with a total of 103 female students who completed a structured online self-report survey from January 7 to March 31, 2018. This study was conducted using questionnaires on interpersonal trauma scale, the Traumatic Scale for North Korean Refugees (TSNKR), and sexual autonomy measurement for college students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression with SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Results: Traumatic events, PTSD, and sexual autonomy scores were $3.96{\pm}3.07$, $31.47{\pm}10.75$, and $52.66{\pm}6.89$, respectively. PTSD was positively correlated with traumatic events (r=.22, p=.030). Sexual autonomy was inversely correlated with PTSD (r=-.25, p=.010). Contraceptive use, PTSD, and voluntary sexual debut explained 26% of sexual autonomy of participants. Conclusion: To improve sexual autonomy of young women from North Korea, reproductive intervention programs including contraception, sexual assertiveness training, and psychoeducation to reduce PTSD need to be developed and implemented.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

Objectives: We describe the development of a smoking and drinking prevention program for adolescents, using intervention mapping. Methods: The study sample consisted of 1,000 high school second-grade students from 6 high schools in Seoul. The PRECEDE model was applied for the needs assessment. We carried out a social diagnosis by assessing the factors such as the quality of life, happiness level, and satisfaction with school life; an epidemiological diagnosis on the perceived health status, stress levels, and priority of health issues; a behavioral diagnosis on the smoking and drinking rate and the intention to smoke and drink; and an educational diagnosis on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, social norms and life skills. Results: The development process included a needs assessment, identifying factors that influence smoking and drinking among adolescents. Intention, knowledge, perceived norms, perceived benefit, perceived cost, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and life skills were identified as determinants. Three performance objectives were formulated to describe what an individual needs to do in order to avoid smoking and drinking. Subsequently, we constructed an intervention matrix by crossing the performance objectives with the selected determinants. Each cell describes the learning objectives of the smoking and drinking prevention program. The program used methods from the transtheoretical model, such as consciousness raising, outcome expectations, self-reevaluation, self-liberation, counterconditioning, environmental reevaluation, and stimulus control. The program deals with the effects of smoking and drinking, self-improvement, decision making, understanding advertisements, communication skills, social relationships, and assertiveness. Conclusions: By using the process of intervention mapping, the program developer was able to ensure a systematical incorporation of empirical and new data and theories to guide the intervention design. Programs targeting other health-related behavior and other methods or strategies can also be developed using this intervention mapping process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5187-5195
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to assertive behavior among non-smoking college students under secondhand smoke exposure. Data were collected from 246 non-smoking college students at one university in B city from October to November, 2011 and analyzed by multiple logistic regression. The factors related to assertive behavior were men(OR 3.173, 95% CI 1.676-6.005), with another smoker in household(OR 1.679, 95% CI 1.056-2.983), high level of perceived benefit(OR 2.821, 95% CI 1.044-7.623), high level of social influence(OR 3.753, 95% CI 1.845-7.634), high level of self efficacy(OR 4.140, 95% CI 2.159-7.941). It is necessary to develop and evaluate the health promotion program for enhancing of assertive behavior of non-smoking college students regarding of perceived benefit, social influence and self efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.329-358
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop a test tool that can be measured in various aspects for the reading attitudes of children. For that it was set the configuration based on the preceding reading attitude survey and models and tacit knowledge of attitude toward reading and wrote the questions for reading attitudes. It conducted a primary and secondary test for elementary school students in grades 4-6 to verify the validity and reliability of measurement tools. 8 factors of the reading attitudes measurement tool were extracted through exploratory factor analysis and it described 66.29% of total variable. the r-value for inter-item consistency about reading attitudes were above 0.4 on all questions. The Cronbach ${\alpha}$-value of reliability coefficient about reading attitudes measurement tool was 0.950. Therefore Reading attitude test tool have reading usefulness, reading efficacy, leisure, stiumulation, flow, expression, study, assertiveness as sub factors of reading attitude has been shown that it can serve as a useful tool for measuring various aspects of the reading attitude for children.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the assertive behavior of asking smokers not to smoke and investigate the factors related to assertive behavior in patients with vascular diseases. Methods: Participants were 203 adult Korean patients with vascular diseases such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. Data were collected using questionnaires that included the characteristics of secondhand smoke (SHS), secondhand smoke-related variables (Health belief model factors, health promotion model factors) and level of assertive behavior. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 18.0 were performed. Results: Participants who never ask smokers not to smoke was 39.9%, whereas participants who always ask was 7.4%. There was a weak positive relationship between assertive behavior and susceptibility to disease (r=.18), severity of disease (r=.19), benefit of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.10), barrier of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.24), and self-rated health (r=.21) respectively. There was a moderate positive relationship between assertive behavior and self-efficacy of assertive behavior to SHS exposure (r=.49). Health belief model factors explained 15.7% variance and health promotion model factors explained 27.0% of assertive behavior. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that self-efficacy of assertive behavior to SHS exposure is a very important factor. Therefore the development of a program to foster self-efficacy of assertive behavior regarding SHS exposure in patients with vascular diseases is needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.410-425
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of a group art therapy program based on mindfulness meditation for job stress and interpersonal relationships of office workers. For this purpose, a Total 24 office workers wishing to participate in the study voluntarily were selected. They were then randomly assigned to the experiment or control group which consisted of 12 people each. The experiment group participated in the program for a total of 12 sessions(a 90-minute session twice per week) over six weeks. The main findings were as follows: first, the office workers of the experiment group made a decrease in overall job stress and its subfactor including stress symptoms and outcomes after the group art therapy program; and secondly, they made a decrease in overall interpersonal relationships and their subfactor including dominance, retaliation, indifference, social avoidance, non-assertiveness, non-exploitation, devotion, and interference after the program. These findings demonstrate that the group art therapy program based on mindfulness meditation was effective for reducing the stress of office workers and enhancing their interpersonal relationships.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

1. Objectives: This research aims to study the general overview of the theories on the covetous desire and the relevant theories on cultivation mentioned in "Donguisusebowon (東醫壽世保元): Theories on Nature and Conduct (性命論)". 2. Methods: The theories concerning the covetous desire introduced in Dong-Mu's manuscripts, including "Gyukchigo 格致藁)", "Yougocho (遺稿抄)", "Dongmuyougo (東武遺稿)" and "Jaejungsinpyun (濟衆新編)", were comprehensively reviewed. Furthermore, the significance of the theories on the covetous desire and the relevant theories on self-cultivation were studied within the context of "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元): Theories on Nature and Conduct (性命論)". 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) Among the four covetous desires (selfishness (私心), indiscretion (放心), indolence(逸心), acquisitiveness (慾心)), selfishness and acquisitiveness are the interpersonal components that deal with the relationship between individuals, whereas indiscretion and indolence are the intra-personal or self-concerned components that deal with the internal desires within the individual. 2) In the early concepts on the quaternity explaining the perspective on the human being as introduced in Dongmu's earlier manuscripts, the four covetous desires are thought of as the most important etiological components, that are also intimately related to the theories of self-cultivation. 3) Among the concepts introduced in "Donguisusebowon (東醫壽世保元): Theories on Nature and Conduct (性命論)", viciousness (邪心) and negligence (怠心) are primary, intra-personal (self-concerned) desires that are henceforth matched to indiscretion and indolence, respectively, while selfishness (arrogance, assertiveness, indiscrimination and exaggeration (驕矜伐夸)) and acquisitiveness (violation, extravagance, slothfulness and stealthiness(奪侈懶竊)) are secondary, interpersonal desires. 4) 'Preserving the mind (存其心)' and 'rectifying the body (修其身)' are Methods of overcoming viciousness (indiscretion) and negligence (indolence), the intrapersonal desires, while 'nurturing the nature (養其性)' and 'propping the course (立其命)' are Methods of eliminating selfishness and acquisitiveness, the interpersonal desires, which ultimately each leads to the completion of Nature (性) and Conduct/Course (命).

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.518-527
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to identify a relationship between the communication competence and social anxiety in nursing students. Methods: With a cross-sectional survey, a convenience sampling of 303 nursing students was taken from P-university in Y-city. The instrument for the study was a questionnaire that is consisted of the general characteristics, an Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS) and a Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (GICC). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS version 21.0. Results: The mean score of the IAS was $41.89{\pm}8.74$ and the GICC was $3.51{\pm}0.34$. Communication competence significantly differed by the satisfaction of major (F=10.86, p<.001). In addition, the satisfaction of interpersonal relationships was significantly different in both communication competence (F=17.52, p<.001) and social anxiety (F=23.85, p<.001). Social anxiety had a negative correlation with communication competence (r=-.48, p<.001). Social anxiety accounted for 55.3% of the variance -social relaxation (${\beta}$=-.62), assertiveness (${\beta}$=-.18), interaction management (${\beta}$=.14) and efficiency (${\beta}$=-.13)- of communication competence's subcategories. Conclusion: It was found that communication competence has an influence on social anxiety. Therefore, education programs are needed to promote communication competence for a decline of social anxiety in nursing students.