• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1990

The exposures to carbamate pesticides (BPMC specifically) of agricultural workers were estimated by collecting pesticide in air by personal sampler and by analyzing with gas chromatography. Data revealed that the highest BPMC concentration in the aspirated air was $7.7mg/m^3$. Concentrations were generally higher in the group whose spray conditions were controlled than the group uncontrolled. Actual concentations were relatively lower than the values predicted theoretically. These findings suggest that personal sampler be useful in the estimation of pesticide exposure.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제59호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between intelligibility and phonemic contrasts, and acoustic features in terms of speech development. A total of 212 Putonghua speaking children was participated in the experiment. There were phonemic contrasts significantly related with speech intelligibility: aspirated vs. fricative, retroflex vs. unretroflex, and front vs. back nasal vowel contrast. A regression analysis showed that 88% of the speech intelligibility could be predicted by these phonemic contrasts. Acoustic values were significantly related to the intelligibility of the Putonghua-speaking children's speech: voice onset time of unaspirated stops, and the duration of frication noise in fricatives.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2006

Our environment is faced with serious problems related to the air pollution from automobiles in these days. In particular, the exhaust emissions of diesel engine are recognized main cause which influenced environment strong. In this study, the potential possibility of biodiesel fuel was investigated as an alternative fuel for a naturally aspirated common rail diesel engine. The smoke emission of biodiesel fuel 30vol-%(max. content) was reduced in comparison with diesel fuel, that is, it was reduced approximately 60% at 4000rpm, full load. But, power, torque and brake specific energy consumption didn't have no large differences. But, NOx emission of biodiesel fuel was increased compared with commercial diesel fuel.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 1990

When the relative humidity is measured with an aspirated psychrometer, three factors, which affect the measurement of relative humidity, are atmospheric pressure, the size of wet element and the wind velocity. This paper investigated the effects of the above three factors, and the computer code was developed in order to enhance the accuracy of the relative humidity measurement. As results, it is found that the relative humidity decreases by 6%RH with increasing atmospheric pressure from 650 mbar to 1100 mbar. It is found that the relative humidity drops down when the size of the wet element increases, though the effect of the size of the wet element is not significant. Finally, relative humidity increases with the increasing wind velocity. The difference between the psychrometic table in the present KS and the present results is about 2%RH maximum. As a conclusion, the three factors mentioned above should be considered in order to secure accurate measurement of relative humidity.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 1990

Bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma appears to be peculiar when clinical manifestation of liver disease is not apparent, and initial diagnosis of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma by fine needle aspiration cytology is rarely obtained. We experienced a case of 45-year-old man with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in the sacrum, which was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The intrahepatic mass, measuring 1.2 cm in diameter and kept unchanged in size for two years, was never proved to be hepatocellular carcinoma histopathologically. The aspirated neoplastic cells were mostly in sheets, showing abundant acidophilic cytoplasm and large, round, centrally located nuclei with single, prominent acidophilic mucleoli. In the cell block section, diagnosis of metastatic well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma was made without difficulty, and definite trabecular fashion with sinusoidal endothelial cell lining was found.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.409-414
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• 1996

The aim of this paper is to research on the actual condition of Koreans' Spanish consonants pronunciation with an emphasis on describing the phonetic different of Korean speakers and Spanish speakers. 40 Spanish words were chosen for the speech sampling, and 10 Spanish majoring Korean students from Seoul or Kyunggi Province and 3 Spanish speakers form Castile, Spain participated in the interview. The most noticeable phonetic differences of Korean speakers' pronunciation comparing with Spanish speakers are abstracted as follows: 1) The voiced stops are pronounced voiceless or weak voiced. 2) The voiced stops are slightly aspirated. 3) The length of voiceless consonants is quite longer than the length of proceeding vowel. 4) Fricatives and affricates are somewhat fronter, and weaker in the degree of friction. 5) There is a strong tendency to geminate dental lateral /l/ such as 'pelo' and to vocalize palatal lateral /$\rightthreetimes$/ such as 'calle' 6) Unlike in Spanish speech flap $\mid$r$\mid$ and trill [r] are pronounced similarly in Korean speech.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1312-1317
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• 1992

Autologous blood transfusion is a common method of reducing the need for homologous blood transfusion during cardiac operations. Between June 1991 and May 1992, 12 cases [Group I] were experienced autologous blood transfusion using Cell Saver undergoing double valve replacement or redo-valve replacement. Control group [N=12, Group II] was selected to above similar operation during same period. The Cell Saver system [Haemonetics Corp.] was employed for autologous blood transfusion. The blood shed in the operative field before and after cardiopulmonary bypass and remained cardiotomy reservior was aspirated by means of a locally heparinized collecting system. After centrifused salvaged blood, the resulting red cell concentrate reinfused subsequently. The patient receiving autologous blood transfusion required significantly less homologous blood transfusion than their control group. [Group I; 3519 $\pm$ 869, Group II; 4622 $\pm$ 856, Respectively; P=0.005] There were no clinical infections in the autotransfusion group. And there was no apparent intergroup difference of the clinical findings, hematologio datas and coagulation parameters. We conclude the autotransfusion using Cell Saver is effective for reducing of the hom-ologlous blood transfusion in cardiac surgery.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2010

The present study confirmed the intelligibility improvement benefit of clear speech by investigating the intelligibility of Korean stops produced in different speaking styles: conversational, citation-form, and clear speech. This finding supports the Hypo- & Hyper-speech theory that speakers adjust vocal effort to accommodate hearers' speech perception difficulty. A progressive intelligibility improvement was found for the three speaking styles investigated: clear speech was more intelligible than citation-form speech citation-form speech was more intelligible than conversational speech and clear speech was also more intelligible than conversational speech. These findings suggest that the manipulations to elicit three distinct speaking styles in a laboratory setting were successful. Korean lenis stops showed the least intelligibility improvement among the three Korean stop types, and this result suggests that lenis stops should be more resistant to intelligibility enhancement efforts in clear speech than aspirated and fortis stops.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2014

This study investigated how the degree of attention modulates English learners' perception of Korean stop contrasts. The contributions of VOT and F0 in perceiving Korean stops were examined while availability of attentional resources was manipulated using a dual-task paradigm. Results demonstrated the attentional modulation in the use of VOT, but not in F0: under less attention, the contribution of VOT to the perception of aspirated stops decreased, whereas that of lenis stops increased, which suggests more native-like performance. This implies that the role of attention in perceiving non-native contrasts might differ depending on how equivalent the acoustic and perceptual cues are between L1 and target L2 contrasts.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2014

This study investigated the intonation patterns of accentual phrase in Jeju dialect. 9 speakers (Experiment 1) and 6 speakers (Experiment 2) read a carrier sentence '__ youngah miwonghumnida' with a target accentual phrase varying its number of syllables from 1 to 8. The results showed that like Seoul dialect pattern could be the basic pattern of accentual phase in Jeju dialect even though several differences were observed in the realization of each tone: Flat staircase-like tones in L, M, and even in H were often observed, and a very small difference in F0 between intial L and +H was found in many speakers. For some of these differences, this paper tried to give an explanation still in the Intonational Phonology framework. However, introducing M tone as a lexical tone was also suggested as one possible solution. Finally, unlike Seoul dialect, most speakers showed pattern in an accentual phrase beginning with a strong consonant, i.e., aspirated and unaspirated obstruents including /h/ and /s/.