• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.571-577
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• 2016

Phosphorus is an essential and irreplaceable element for all living organisms and its resource is limited. Significant amount of used phosphorus is collected in sewage treatment plant as sludge. Sludge ash after incineration contains about 10% of phosphorus in dry mass basis, which is comparable to phosphate rocks, and it is an important source of phosphorus recovery. Acid and alkali were used to leach phosphorus from sludge ash and compared for their leaching kinetics and performance. Phosphorus leaching by NaOH was fast and 0.2 N and 2 N NaOH leached 49% and 56% of the total phosphorus in the sludge ash at the L/S ratio of 100. Phosphorus leaching by sulphuric acid and hydrochloric were very fast and most of the phosphorus was leached in 5 minutes. In case of sulphuric acid 95% of the total phosphorus in the sludge ash was leached by 0.2 N at the L/S ratio of 100 and 93% was leached by 1 N at the L/S ratio of 10. 1 N hydrochloric acid leached 99% of the total phosphorus at the L/S ratio of 10. The results showed acids were more effective than alkali for phosphorus leaching from sludge ash and hydrochloric acid leached more phosphorus than sulphuric acid.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2005

As a silicate source to rice, a coal ash was selected and mixed with phosphor-gypsum (50:50, wt $wt^{-1}$) to reduce the potential of boron toxicity and to supply calcium element. We expected that high con tent of calcium in this mixture might convert water-soluble phosphorus to less soluble forms and then reduce the release of soil phosphorus to surface runoff. The mixture was applied with the rate of 0, 20, 40, and 60 Mg $ha^{-1}$ in paddy soil (Nagdong series, a somewhat excessively drained loamy fine sand) in Daegok, Jinju, Korea The mixture reduced significantly water-soluble phosphorus (W-P) in the surface soils by shifting from W-P and Fe-P to Ca-P and Al-P during whole rice cultivation. In contrast with W-P, plant available phosphorus increased significantly with the mixture application due to high content of phosphorus and silicate in the mixture. The mixture of coal ash and phosphor-gypsum (50:50, wt $wt^{-l}$) would be a good alternative to reduce a phosphorus export in rice paddy soil together with increasing rice yields.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.169-175
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted with male broiler chicks to determine the effect of different dietary phosphorus sources and evaluate the biological availability of phosphorus sources. The biological availability of phosphorus from dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was used as a reference standard (100%) compared to defluorinate phosphate (DFP). DCP and DFP was supplemented to a corn-soy basal diet at levels of 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35%. Each of 24 pens of 10 male broiler chicks with three replications was used for three weeks. The results indicated that weight gain, feed in-take, feed efficiency, nonphytic phosphorus (NPP) and tibia ash were significantly different among treatments. Dietary supplemental phosphorus of DFP improved weight gain, NPP intake and feed efficiency consistently, whereas supplements of DCP did not show consistent increase. Regression equations was used for the availability of DPP compared with DCP when percent bone ash was a function of total phosphorus in the diet. The percent (%) bone ash of DFP groups compared to that of DCP groups showed a value of 59.98% as a slope ratio. DFP indicated lower biological availability compared to DCP, but it's dietary supplementation tended to increase bone ash and maximize the growth of young broiler chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2012

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of age and caponization on the development blood and bone characteristics development in male country chickens in Taiwan. A total of two hundred 8-wk-old LRI native chicken cockerels, Taishi meat No.13 from LRI-COA, were used as experimental animals. Cockerels were surgically caponized at 8 wks of age. Twelve birds in each group were bled and dressed from 8 wks to 35 wks of age at 1 to 5 wk intervals. The results indicated that the plasma testosterone concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lower in capons after 12 wks of age (caponized treatment after 4 wks) than that of the intact males. The relative tibia weight, bone breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, bone calcium, bone phosphorus and bone magnesium contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in intact males, while capons had higher (p<0.05) plasma ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration. The plasma testosterone concentration, relative tibia weight, tibia length, breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, calcium, and phosphorus contents of intact males chickens increased significantly (p<0.05) with the advance of age. In addition, the relative tibia weight of capons peaked at 18 wks of age, and declined at 35 wks of age. The bone ash, calcium and phosphorus content increased most after 14 wks of age in male native chickens in Taiwan. Also, tibia length and cortical thickness peaked at 22 wks of age. However, the peak of bone strength was found at 26 wks of age. These findings support the assertion that androgens can directly influence bone composition fluxes in male chickens. Caponization caused a significant increase in bone loss at 4 wks post treatment, which reflected bone cell damage, and demonstrated reductions in the relative tibia weight, breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents, and increases in plasma ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2013

본 연구는 대부분 매립되어지고 있는 생활폐기물자원회수시설(소각장)에서 발생한 소각재 중 바닥재를 용융하여 정석탈인법의 정석재로 사용하기 위한 연구로 용융은 $1,100^{\circ}C$에서 용융한 뒤 0.35mm 이하의 것을 사용하였다. 실험의 결과 인농도 10mg/L 이하의 인공하수의 경우 90%이상의 제거율을 얻을 수 있었으며 인농도를 변화시키면서 실험에 적절한 인농도를 100 mg/L로 결정하였다. 초기 인농도 100 mg/L, 칼슘이온농도 50 mg/L, pH 8의 인공하수에 분말 용융슬래그 1%(W/V) 주입하여 정석탈인반응에서 인제거를 방해하는 것으로 알려진 알카리도의 영향실험을 하였는데, 알카리도가 증가하면서 그 반응속도도 느려지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 반응 온도의 영향 또한 동일한 방법으로 실험하였으며 $15{\sim}35^{\circ}C$의 범위에서 반응 속도 상수값을 구한 결과 온도가 증가하면서 반응속도가 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2021

본 연구는 하수슬러지 소각재에 비교적 높은 함량으로 존재하는 인을 회수하기 위한 국내외 사례를 조사한 문헌연구로서 습식방법 및 열화학적 방법에 의한 인의 회수 및 중금속 제거와 관련한 실험조건과 영향인자 등을 논의하였다. 하수슬러지 소각재의 인 회수 기술 상용화를 위해서는 인 회수과정에서 발생되는 폐수, 잔재물의 처분, 첨가 약품과 에너지 소모의 최소화 등 전체 시스템의 경제성 측면에서 소각시설과 연계한 집적처리공정이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2008

The objective of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of poultry litter amendments on pH and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in poultry litter. Two laboratory studies were conducted for 42 d in Exp. 1 and for 10 d in Exp. 2, respectively. The poultry litter was treated with various amendments which included 4 g fly ash and 4 g $AlCl_3\;(AlCl_36H_2O)/100g$ litter in Exp. 1 and 4 g alum$(Al_2(SO_4){_3}\;14H_2O)$, 8 g alum, 8.66 g liquid alum, and 17.3 g liquid alum/100 g litter in Exp. 2; untreated litter served as controls. There were no differences in pH between control and T1(4 g fly ash) and SRP contents between T1(4 g fly ash) and T2(4 g $AlCl_3$) in Exp. 1. A significant difference in pH and SRP contents in Exp. 2 was observed among all treatments(P< 0.05). In experiment 1, T1(4 g fly ash) and T2(4 g $AlCl_3$) at 42 d decreased SRP in litter by 47.1% and 62.6% of that from litter alone, respectively. In experiment 2, T1(4 g alum), T2(8.66 g liquid alum), T3(8 g alum), and T4(17.3 g liquid alum) treatments at 10 days reduced SRP contents by up to 36.2%, 62.9%, 87.0%, and 83.9%, respectively, when compared with the controls. Decrease in SRP contents was chiefly associated with reduction in litter pH. These results indicate that use of various litter amendments to limit P solubility has potential and should be pursued as a means of reducing soluble reative phosphorus during short term.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1390-1399
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) -expressed phytase on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, organ indexes, meat quality, toe ash, and footpad lesions score in broiler chicks. Methods: A total of 390 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 groups based on the initial body weight (42.15±0.17 g), there were 6 replicate cages per treatment and 13 birds (mixed sex) per cage. The experimental period was 45 days, including 4 periods (starter, days 1 to 10; grower, days 11 to 24; finisher 1, days 25 to 38; finisher 2, days 39 to 45). Dietary treatments were based on a corn-soybean meal-basal diet and supplemented with 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,500 FTU/kg S. pombe-expressed phytase. One phytase unit (FTU) was defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyzes the release of one micromole phosphate from phytate per minute at 37℃ and pH 5.5. Results: The inclusion of increasing levels of phytase in the diet linearly increased the body weight gain during days 1 to 10 (p = 0.001), 25 to 38 (p = 0.016), 39 to 45 (p = 0.018), and 1 to 45 (p = 0.004), feed intake during days 25 to 38 (p = 0.032), feed conversion ratio during days 1 to 10 (p = 0.001), 39 to 45 (p = 0.038), and 1 to 45 (p = 0.012), carcass weight (p = 0.035), toe ash (p<0.001), and apparent ileal phosphorus digestibility (p = 0.049). However, the footpad lesions score (p = 0.040) decreased linearly with the increase in phytase levels in the diet. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of S. pombe-expressed phytase was beneficial to the growth performance, toe ash, apparent ileal phosphorus digestibility, and footpad lesions of broiler chicks in a dose-dependent manner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.198-202
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phytase, organic acids and their interaction on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and tibia ash. A total of 680 three-day old Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were assigned to 20 battery brooders, 34 chicks in each. The experimental period lasted 35 days. The treatment groups employed were: 1) a positive control which included 3.5 g available phosphorus (AP)/kg diet and 10 g Ca/kg diet; 2) a negative control which included 2 g AP/kg diet and 8 g Ca/kg diet, 3) negative control diet supplemented with either 300 FTU phytase/kg diet (phytase) or 4) 2.5 g organic acid (lactic acid+formic acid)/kg diet (organic acid); or 5) 300 FTU phytase/kg diet+2.5 g organic acid/kg diet (phytase+organic acid). All birds were fed with the positive control diet for a week and then transferred to the dietary treatments. At the end of the study, there were no differences (p>0.005) among the groups in body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield. Tibia ash, however, was reduced (p<0.001) for quails fed the negative control diet containing a low-level of AP compared to the positive control diet containing adequate AP. The addition of phytase, organic acid or phytase+organic acid to the diets containing the low-level of AP improved (p<0.001) tibia ash. On the other hand, an extra synergistic effect of phytase and organic acid on tibia ash was not determined. This study demonstrated that it may be possible to reduce supplemental level of inorganic P with phytase and/or organic acid supplementation for quail diets without adverse effect on performance and tibia ash.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swine liquid manure(SLM) and phosphorus fertilizer from September, 1998 to July, 1999 on the soil fertility on Italian ryegrass field, Cheju volcanic ash soil. pH(lst investigated), Mg (2nd investigated) and Cu content (2nd investigated) on soil grown by Italian ryegrass were significantly increased by an increase of fertilizer P(P