• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.134-139
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• 1986

Seventeen patients underwent operations for aneurysm of ascending aorta with aortic regurgitation from August 1979 to October 1985. 10 patients underwent complete replacement of the ascending aorta and the aortic valve with a composite graft and implantation of coronary ostia on the graft. Seven patients underwent supracoronary noncomposite graft replacement and aortic valve replacement. The patients ranged in age from 25 to 55 years [mean 37.6 years]. There were 11 male and 6 female patients. All patients had aortic incompetence and aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta. Seven of the patients has concomitant aortic dissection in ascending aorta and one had dissection in abdominal aorta. Eight patients had signs of Marfan syndrome and the other 3 patients had cystic degeneration in the medial layer of the aorta. There was one hospital death[5.8%]. He died of sepsis on the 23rd postoperative day. All survivors showed improvement in NYHA functional classification in the 34.9 patient-year follow-up period.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2013

This paper is attempted to clarify the controversial event King Thibaw ascending the throne. Moreover it was presented with the purpose of how important "Trust Building" is in politic. After ascending the throne, King Thibaw faced external threat as well as internal weakness. The Hluttaw ministers and counselors did not support effectively and King Thibaw lost trust his ministers and counselors. Therefore mass killing of royal prince took place after the ascending the throne and it made discredit to King Thibaw. Senior minister like Kinwun Mingyi and Hsinphyumashin secretly contact with Prince Nyaung Yan whom was staying under the protection of British. On the other hand Prince Myingun took refuge under protection of the French and was trying to seize the power with the supporters from lower Myanmar as well as taking the financial help from Hsinphyu Mashin. They were external strength for the British and French. In this way King Thibaw's administration became deteriorated and finally the British anxious about Franco-Myanmar treaty so they exaggerated the Bombay-Burma Teak company's problem. In this way King Thibaw was taken away by the British due to the internal weakness and external strength.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.162-167
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• 2005

According to the principle of ascending water and descending fire, water has the property of wetting downward, which is the opposite of fire, which has the property of blazing upward. Thus, they work differently according to their innate properties. Nature and the human body maintain harmony through the interaction of ascending water and descending fire. When applied to the human body, the heart and kidney are the center of this principle. In other words, the heart above is the fire and the kidney downward is water. When the heart-fire harmonizes downward, the kidney becomes warm, enabling genuine vital functions to be active. When the kidney yin moves upward, the heart receives the nourishing yin to harmonize nutrients and blood. Thereby, physiological functions become normal throughout the blood meridians. However, in the ascending kidneywater and descending heart-yang of the heart and the kidney, the liver and lung are the major functional organs. In other words, the liver through the dispersing and raising yang functions moves water, which is the vital essence of the kidney, upward. And the lung, through the astriction?clearing of the lung and descending Qi?dispersing functions, moves the heart-fire downward. These functions are deeply related with changing seasons; thus, these functions can be explained with the ascending kidney-water and descending heart-yang of the five viscera.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.581-586
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• 1994

From February 1985 to February 1993, 18 operations were performed in 17 patients for treatment of aneurysmal disease [n=12] and/or dissection of the ascending aorta [n=6]. The ages ranged from 26 to 69 years [mean 44.3 $\pm$ 11.0 years].The proposed operations include composite graft replacement of aortic valve and ascending aorta with coronary reimplantation in 11, graft replacement of ascending aorta alone in 5, aortic valve replacement and supracoronary graft replacement in 1 and ascending aorta to abdominal aorta bypass with thromboexclusion of descending aorta in one patient. Both Bentall [n=6] and Cabrol [n=5] technique were utilized for reimplantation of coronary arteries.Concomitant replacement of aortic arch and arch vessel reconstruction was necessary in two patients. Hypothermic circulatory arrest was utilized in 6 patients. Recently, four patients were managed on warm blood continuous cardioplegia via retrograde route. There were no operative deaths. No significant postoperative complications were noted. Postoperative follow up was complete in 15 patients from 1 month to 72 months. Redo operation was necessary in one patient who had suffered from distal recurrence of dissection 5 years after successful Bentall operation. The other patients are all in excellent clinical condition. From our early experience with those 17 cases, we assume that satisfactory operative result could be achieved with a variety of surgical technique including hypothermic circulatory arrest. In addition, continuous perfusion of warm blood cardioplegia via retrograde route is supposed to be beneficial in selected cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.488-496
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• 1988

Thirty-seven patients of aortic aneurysm underwent operations during January 1984 December 1987 at our hospital. Twenty-six patients had aneurysms involving ascending aorta, three patients had aneurysms involving both ascending aorta and abdominal aorta. and eleven patients had aneurysms involving descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. Among the patients who had aneurysms involving ascending aorta, annuloaortic ectasia with aortic regurgitation were thirteen and all of these underwent ascending aorta graft replacement + AVR with composite graft. The patients who had aortic regurgitation due to ascending aortic dissection were three and all of these underwent intraluminal ringed graft insertion at ascending aorta + aortic valve resuspension. Intraluminal ringed graft insertion was safe, simple, and fast method in the operation for aortic aneurysm. Eleven patients were underwent this operation and the results were good. Major causes of death of the patients who underwent aortic aneurysm operation are underlying cardiovascular diseases or delayed rupture of the aneurysm or complications related newly appeared aneurysm. Among our patients, dissection progressions were appeared in two but neither severe nor complicated. And no patient died from delayed rupture of aneurysm or complications related newly appeared aneurysm. All patients were followed up via OPD and were controlled hypertension or heart failure if present. Operative mortality is 18.9\ulcornera in all, 23% in patients who had aneurysms involving ascending aorta and 7.6` who had aneurysms involving descending thoracic or abdominal aorta. Comparing with other reports, our operative mortality is still high but improved steadily. So we recommend aggressive surgical management of the aortic aneurysm.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 1996

From January 1989 to July 1995, 18 patients underwent aortic repair for type A dissections. The e were 9 male and 9 female patients aged 41 to 68 years(mean, 53.8). Thirteen patients underwent the procedure during the acute period, and 5 during the chronic period. During repair of acute dissection, procedures included graft replacement of the ascending aorta only (6 patients), ascending aorta plus partial aortic arch (3), ascending aorta plus total aortic arch (2), Bentall's operation (1), and Bentall's operation plus total aortic arch (1). During repair of chronic dissection, procedures included Bentall's operation (3 patients), ascending aorta only (1), and ascending aorta plus partial aortic arch (1). During repair of the arch, antegrade cerebral perfusion was applied in 4 patients and hypothermic circulatory arrest in 3 patients. There were 4 operative deaths(22.2%), 2 of hemorrhage. and 2 of left ventricular failure in the operating room. Follow-up has been 100% completed and ranged from 2 to 53 months (mean, 17 months). One late death resulted from sepsis following secon operation. Thirteen of the survivors are doing well.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.264-272
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• 2016

Background: We analyzed the long-term results of ascending aortic replacement and arch aortic replacement in acute DeBakey type I aortic dissections to measure the differences in the distal aortic changes with extension of the aortic replacement. Methods: We reviewed 142 cases of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissections (1996-2015). Seventy percent of the cases were ascending aortic replacements, and 3 0% of the cases underwent total arch aortic replacement, which includes the aorta from the root to the beginning of the descending aorta with the 3 arch branches. Fourteen percent (20 cases) resulted in surgical mortality and 86% of cases that survived had a mean follow-up period of $6.6{\pm}4.6years$. Among these cases, 64% of the patients were followed up with computed tomography (CT) angiograms with the duration of the final CT check period of $4.9{\pm}2.9years$. Results: There were 15 cases of reoperation in 13 patients. Of these 15 cases, 13 cases were in the ascending aortic replacement group and 2 cases were in the total arch aortic replacement group. Late mortality occurred in 13 cases; 10 cases were in the ascending aortic replacement group and 3 cases were in the total arch aortic replacement group. Eight patients died of a distal aortic problem in the ascending aortic replacement group, and 1 patient died of distal aortic rupture in the total arch aortic replacement group. The follow-up CT angiogram showed that 69.8% of the ascending aortic replacement group and 35.7% of the total arch aortic replacement group developed distal aortic dilatation (p=0.0022). Conclusion: The total arch aortic replacement procedure developed fewer distal remnant aortic problems from dilatation than the ascending aortic replacement procedure in acute type I aortic dissections.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.926-929
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• 1991

A 31 year-old male patient underwent surgical treatment of the pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta complicating after the Bentall operation, He had undergone the replacement of the ascending aorta using the composite valved graft with direct coronary reimplantation under the diagnosis of the annuloaortic ectasia of ascending aorta associated with Marfan syndrome. Eleven months after the operation, he started to feel dyspnea and anterior chest pain, and was diagnosed as pseudoaneurysm around the ascending aortic graft. The second operation consisted of the dacron patch closure of the defect of the aortic graft which was the hole for previous coronary reimplantation, and the anastomosis between the coronary orifice and the aortic graft with the intermediate graft of a 10mm woven dacron tube, and suture closure of the fistula opening from the aneurysm. His postoperative course was uneventful and discharged without complication. He is doing well 10 months postoperatively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.77-82
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the pathway of COP and plantar foot pressure and to determine the correlation between plantar regions during the ascending and descending of a ramp. Methods: Fifteen healthy adults who had no musculoskeletal problems participated in our study. They were asked to walk on a level surface and on an ascending and descending ramp in their bare feet. Pathway of COP and plantar foot pressures were recorded using the Matscan system (Tekscan, Boston, USA). For pressure measurements, the plantar foot surface was divided into seven regions: two toe regions, three forefoot regions, a midfoot region, and a heel region. To determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between pathway of COP and plantar foot pressures during walking, we used repeated measuremes ANOVA. Results: In comparison to results for a level walking, pathway of COP while ascending a ramp had a tendency to be shifted medially in the forefoot and became longer till the big toe. Pathway of COP while descending a ramp also was shifted medially, but ended in the forefoot. Plantar foot pressure of the second and third metatarsal head and the fourth and fifth metatarsal heads was significantly decreased while descending the ramp. Conclusion: These results indicated that plantar foot pressure is changed while ascending and descending a ramp and demonstrated that ramp walking can affect the structure and function of the foot. Therefore, gait environment is associated with significant changes in foot characteristics, which contribute to altered plantar loading patterns during gait.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.305-314
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• 2018

This study was designed to understand the patho-physioloigcal mechanism of effects of Bojungikitangchunbang on Allergic Rhinitis. The mechanism was examined in three parts of concept of allergic rhinitis, composition of prescription, and concept of ascending and descending principle. And the relationship between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity during respiration was also explored. The mechanism of Bojungikgitangchunbang on rhinitis treatment was systematically analyzed from the pathophysiological perspectives, and it was found to treat nose, spleen and lungs related to the ascending and descending principle. The water-dampness and edema causing allergic rhinitis are formed by disturbed ascending and descending mechanism when the Junggi goes down. The Bojungikgitangchunbang eliminates water-dampness and edema by ascending the troubled Junggi.