• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.164-171
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• 2005

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, an edible green alga is farmed in Korea by natural blooming zygotes attachment. Experiments were conducted to reveal the conditions for artificial seed production of C. fragile by sexual and asexual reproduction. Growth was compared between zygotes attachment (sexual reproduction) and isolated utricles with medullary filaments (asexual reproduction). Zygotes and isolated utricles with medullary filaments were cultured under different light conditions (10, 20, 40, 60 and $100\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) and temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$) under 16:8LD. Maximum growth of zygote was $261.3{\pm}21.0\;{\mu}m$ under $15^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ after 13 days culture. Maximum regeneration of isolated medullary filament was $8.1{\pm}1.7\;mm$ per one isolated utricle under $20^{\circ}C$ and $100\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ after 15 days culture. After intermediate culture during two months in the field, morphogenesis occurred in both sexual and asexual reproduction, and growth of young thalli was not significantly different (p>0.05) between the both reproduction methods. Even though seed production of C. fragile is possible in both sexual and asexual reproduction, the mass artificial seed production of asexual reproduction is much more effective than that of sexual reproduction that is too much affected by maturity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.155-163
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• 2012

This study was carried out to monitor reproductive responses of great tits in 17 urban forests in Daegu metropolitan city. The reproductive perspectives of great tits were surveyed by using 106 artificial bird nests, of which five or seven nests were set up in every urban forest. A ratio of artificial nests used by great tits for their reproduction was 27.4%. It was showing that forests, where the reproductive response was higher, was located at the edge of the city, or was known as having a good vegetation structure in the urban area. The laying date of a great tit was a little earlier in forests in the middle of the city. It might be dependent on the density of artificial land uses including a residential area and an industrial complex, which are able to increase an urban micro-temperature. Otherwise, natural forests or forest patches nearby natural forests located at the edge of the city were showing that the laying date of great tits was relatively later than the oneee in the forest in the middle of the city. There was a big difference of reproduction perspectives of great tit between the 1st and 2nd reproduction. In the 1st reproduction, a clutch size was larger, while an egg volume was so low. Otherwise, the clutch size was shown so smaller in the 2nd reproduction than in the 1st reproduction, while the egg volume was larger in the 2nd reproduction. It might be due to the survival strategy of a great tit to prepare the winter season for a juvenile. Many variables, regarding to the problem of climate changes, have been linked to the environment of urban area and the bird habitats. Finally, Monitoring a bird reproduction is a valuable work for managing an urban forest as well as for conserving a natural forest.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.26-29
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• 1979

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 1993

The development of efficient method for the production of transgenic mice has been investigated in our laboratory. This study was conducted to develop the artificial insemination in the mouse. Spermatozoa were collected from the cauda epididymis of ICR males(age:12~15 weeks, Body weight : 30g) and artificially inseminated into the intrauterine via cervix of hormone-primed ICR females(age: 6~8 weeks, body weight: 25g) using the capillary tube, 200~300 $\mu$m in inner diameter. The effect of concentration of sperm(80$\times$104, 40$\times$104, 20$\times$104, 10$\times$104, 5$\times$104, 3$\times$104, 1$\times$104/20${mu}ell$. The artificial insemination was succeeded but fertilization rate was very low(5~15%) compared to the natural mating and 59 normal youngs born from 60 females. Therefore, our findings suggest that it is possible to produce the great number of mice from the same orgin of male by artificial inseminatin. However, the lower pregnancy rate has to be solved to used broadly the artificial insemination in mouse.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.443-457
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze and estimate whether each company may produce the color of artificial teeth as it stands, in the standard of vita classical shade guide using ShadeScan$^{TM}$ System. Material and methods: we chose the products of 6 companies -EFUCERA, IVOCLAR, ENDURA, TRUBYTE, DURADENT, and DURACROSS- estimated the shade value of each fixed point(cervical, body, and incisal area) of artificial tooth, and verified the equality among the samples from the same company. Results: First, the variation appeared significant at cervical and incisal area. It means that there were significant differences between cervical and incisal area although the most similar artificial teeth to the patients’natural teeth were provided. Second, the results in the body area showed that the variation between artificial and natural teeth was finite(p<0.05) in that area. Conclusion: it shows that the reproduction of colors of artificial teeth might be successful regarding the body is the most important part for a determination of the color of artificial teeth. However, more complements are necessary for the better reproduction of the color of artificial teeth between cervical and incisal area.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

In the present study, we investigated the effects of rearing condition during the winter period on artificial maturation and reproduction of cultured female eel, Anguilla japonica. The female eel was adapted by combination of environmental conditions (seawater/low temperature, $10^{\circ}C$; seawater/high temperature, $20^{\circ}C$; freshwater/low temperature, $10^{\circ}C$; freshwater/high temperature, $20^{\circ}C$) during 8 weeks of the winter period. Then, the female eel cultivated by different conditions during the winter were transferred to seawater at $20^{\circ}C$ for induction of artificial maturation by salmon pituitary extraction (SPE) injection. The results shown that gonadosomatic index (GSI) and plasma levels of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) were significantly higher in female eel were reared in seawater than in freshwater, and were the highest at eel adapted by seawater/low temperature. Also, reproduction coefficient were higher in seawater/low temperature than in the other groups. These results will provide valuable information for elevation of the artificial maturation and reproduction coefficient in the cultured female eel.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.10
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• pp.21.1-21.6
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• 2017

Background: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of thermographic monitoring, using the temperature changes of perianal and perivulvar areas for the determination of estrus in Anatolian Shepherd bitches. Fifteen bitches were used in the study. Blood and vaginal smear samples were collected and thermographic monitoring of perianal and perivulvar areas were carried out starting from proestrus to early diestrus. Also, external signs of estrus were investigated. Smear samples were evaluated by light microscopy after Diff-Quik staining method and superficial and keratinized superficial cells were determined as percentage (S + KS%). Progesterone and luteinizing hormone measurements were done by radioimmunoassay. The difference in temperature between perianal and perivulvar areas was evaluated through thermographic images by FLIR ResearchIR Software. Results: According to the results obtained from the study, differences between progesterone and S + KS% were statistically significant (P < 0,05). Although temperature showed increase and decrease with progesterone and S + KS%, the differences were not important statistically (P > 0,05). Serum luteinizing hormone levels did not sign any difference (P > 0,05). Conclusions: As a result, thermographic monitoring alone is not enough for estrus detection in Anatolian Shepherd bitches. However, it can be used to assist the actual estrus detection technique in terms of providing some foreknowledge by evaluating the differences in temperature.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2023

Objective: The conservation of Bali bulls, the Indonesian native breed of cattle, is crucial for cattle breeding in Indonesia. To guarantee the spread of Bali bulls through artificial insemination the quality of the frozen semen must be high. To this end, adding an extender material to semen that increases spermatozoa's survival during cryopreservation is important. Green tea extract (GTE) can be used as cryoprotectant because its high antioxidant activity can help avoid reactive oxygen species formation. Methods: Semen of five Bali bulls from the National Artificial Insemination Center at Singosari, Indonesia was collected routinely twice a week. First, fresh semen inspection was performed to determine the feasibility of using Bali bulls as animal samples. The extender used in this study was Tris-based egg yolk. The samples were divided into four treatments: T0, no GTE added to the extender; T1, 0.05 mg GTE plus 100 mL extender; T2, 0.10 mg GTE plus 100 mL extender; and T3, 0.15 mg GTE plus 100 mL extender. The semen freezing process was conducted according to standard procedures and sperm quality parameters, i.e., sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, and membrane integrity observed pre-freezing and post-thawing. Results: There were significant differences in total motility, progressive motility, viability, and integrity membrane of Bali bull sperm at both pre-freezing and post-thawing after adding GTE into the extender. In contrast, there were no differences in abnormalities among treatments. Conclusion: Adding GTE at a 0.15 mg into 100 mL Tris-based egg yolk extender can improve the quality of cryopreserved Bali bull sperm.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.49-62
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• 1999

Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) have been successfully applied to various kinds of business and engineering problems, especially those involved in pattern classification. However, because of the lack of design standard or guidelines, the structure of specific ANN depends on the designer's own experiments or choices. In other words, even though we could construct a better ANN, we often steeled down with just a satisfactory ANN. The purpose of this research is to apply the Genetic Algorithm(GA) to design a structure of ANN that yields better performance compared to the existing test results. For a bankruptcy prediction problem. an exiting research using ANN which consists of 22 input processing elements(PEs) for financial ratios and 5 hidden PEs showed 70% hit ratio. In our research, the input financial ratios and the number of hidden PEs are determined by GA. The best ANN, which consists of 8 input PEs and 6 hidden PEs, shows 78.03% hit ratio. In addition, we compare the performance of two types of reproduction schemes, i.e., generational reproduction and steady-state reproduction.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 1986

As a fundamental study to increase the fertility and to modify the sex ratio in cattle, highly motile sperm were separated by bovine serum albumin gradients. The pregnancy rates of Korean native cow and Holstein cow, and the sex ratio between AI and natural mating were also investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. First service pregnancy rate of Korean native cow in artificial insemination was higher than that of Holstein. 2. At secondary sex ratio in artificial insemination and natural mating, male ratio in artifical insemination was slightly higher than that in natural mating. 3. The sperm separated from marketed frozen semen using 6%, 10% and 20% bovine serum albumin showed significantly high value in motility, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility as compared with control sperm.