• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2000

These studies were preformed to investigate the freezing conditions to achieve good post-thaw viability of spend and the practical methods of artificial insemination frozen canine semen. Semen were collected from nine male dogs which had been proved to be fertile in the past and the semen were treated for freezing procedure. Post-thaw motility and viability of canine sperm were evaluated to investigate individual tolerance of freezing, difference among freezing extenders, dif-ference among freezing equipments and freezing conditions, difference between fast and slow cooling rate, difference according to different glycerol concentration, effect of seeding on post-thaw viability, difference according to cutting part of straw, difference according to thawing temperatures, and dif-ference according to media added to thawed semen. Thawed semen for insemination were added with equal volnme of canine capacitation medium (CCM) and the volume of semen and the number per insemination were adjusted as 2-3 ml and $20-30 {\times}10^7,$ respectively. The semen were inseminated in vagina using balloon catheter and en17ryos were cellected from 9 to 11 days after the second Al to d determine fertilization.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.250-250
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the number of spermatozoa and insemination section(field) of reproductive organs at artificial insemination using laparoscopy(Fiber optic laparoscopic system, Good-Gene Co., Korea) in deer(Elk) and cattle. Twenty six elk does and fifteen cows were inserted CIDR into virginia during 12∼14 days for synchronization of estrus. (omitted)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.326-329
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• 2002

A population of exotic Holstein Friesian, Jersey, their crossbreds and the indigenous Murrah breed of buffalo bulls (n=486), used in artificial insemination breeding program were screened for the allelic distribution of the ${\kappa}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin genotypes. The preferred "B" allele frequency was highest in Murrah buffalo bulls followed by Jersey and Holstein Friesian. The increase in this particular allele frequency in the Holstein Friesian crossbred bulls was more when compared to their Jersey counterparts. Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium was maintained albeit with some deviations, which was higher in crossbreds than in purebreds. The feasibility of using such large-scale molecular diagnostic tools in the field and their significance with regards to the dairy economy is discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.329-332
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• 1997

A study on the conception rate of 885 cows and heifers bred under artificial insemination (AI) and natural service was carried out at AI sub-centers. A high conception rate was observed at first service in all breeding methods. It was revealed that the conception rates in AI with liquid semen (LS) were found to be 25.08, 18.58, 12.69, and 2.48% after 1, 2, 3 and 4 services, respectively. Inseminations of cattle with frozen semen (FS) were found to achieve 42.15, 14.46, 5.85, and 2.46% conception rates after 1, 2, 3, and 4 services, respectively. In natural service, conception rates were found to be 62.45, 6.75, 5.91, and 4.64%, respectively, after 1, 2, 3, and 4 services. Insemination of cows and heifers at mid-cycle had significantly (p < 0.05) higher conception rate as compared to early and late cycles. The existing AI machineries and breeding management need to be improved to achieve higher conception rate of dairy cattle under AI.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

The increase in the meat quality and milk production of cows, which breed Korean Native Cow (KNC) and Holstein cow, is not improving reproductive efficiency. In this study, we examined the effect of interferon (IFN) supplementation on motility of frozen-thawed semen and pregnancy rate after artificial insemination of KNC and Holstein cow. In experiment 1, we investigated the effect of IFN-tau concentration (10,000 IU and 20,000 IU) on the percentage of total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. In experiment 2, KNC were infused 20,000 IU IFN-tau at insemination or after insemination. In experiment 3, KNC or Holstein cow were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen and infused 20,000 IU IFN-gamma or -tau after insemination. In experiment 1, the average of TM (23.9% to 30.9%) and PM (18.5% to 21.9%) were similar between control and treatments. In experiment 2, the pregnancy rates of IFN infusing times were not different from 45.8% to 53.6%. In experiment 3, the pregnancy rates of Holstein cow infused different kinds of IFN were similar (control, IFN-gamma, IFN-tau; 42.9%, 40.5%, 48.0%). In the case of KNC, however, the pregnancy rate of control was 55.6%, which was significantly lower than that of IFN-gamma (68.9%; p<0.05). Thus, IFN is effective on the improvement of reproductive efficiency, but further study is needed.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2010

Only an optimum number of viable spermatozoa in a frozen-thawed insemination dose can ensure conception at artificial insemination (AI). We report here the percentages of normal, abnormal and viable spermatozoa present in the frozen-thawed semen of 20 Black Bengal bucks used for commercial AI. Bucks in this experiment were of 19.3~46.1 months old and 25~42 kg body weight. Four semen straws (0.25 ml) from each buck were collected for evaluation of their kinetic parameters. Scrotal circumference was measured by using a scrotal tape, sperm motility was estimated on eye estimation and sperm concentration was determined by using a haemocytometer. Sperm morphology was studied in paraformaldehyde fixed spermatozoa under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. To determine the proportion of live (plasma membrane intact) spermatozoa, semen was stained with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide and examined under fluorescent microscope. Scrotal circumference, post-thaw sperm motility, sperm concentration per insemination dose and proportion of normal spermatozoa were $21.5{\pm}0.7\;cm$, $43.5 {\pm}5.4%$, $83.5{\pm}6.7$ million and $88.3{\pm}4.1%$, respectively. The percentages of spermatozoa with head shape and acrosome abnormalities were lower ($2.7{\pm}1.1$ and $1.4{\pm}1.3$, respectively), whereas higher percentages of abnormalities ($7.0{\pm}1.8$) were observed in mid piece and tail portion. The proportion of live spermatozoa was $28.5{\pm}5.4$. It is concluded that although a good number of morphologically normal spermatozoa are present in the insemination dose, the proportion of live spermatozoa is low, which warrants further improvements of buck semen freezing procedures to ensure good quality at AI.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2002

돼지에서 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정이 번식 성적에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 축산기술연구소 종축개량부 (충남, 성환)의 돼지 인공수정센터에서 사육중인 종모돈을 이용하여 1995년부터 2000년까지 인공수정을 실시하였다. 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정시 종모돈의 품종, 인공수정 횟수, 정자농도, 농장 및 연도가 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 동결정액이 인공수정에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위하여 5$m\ell$ maxi-straw에 포장된 동결정액을 이용한 인공수정시 번식성적을 조사한 결과 종모돈의 품종 (Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc)간 차이가 없었다. 1회 발정당 수정횟수는 2회 수정과 3회 수정시 차이가 없었으며, 1회 주입정자 농도도 5.0, 4.0 및 3.0$\times$$10^{9}$ /dose 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 그러나 양돈장의 관리방법과 인공수정사의 기술은 수태율과 산자수에 영향을 주었다. 1995년부터 1999년까지 5년간 농장에서 매년 인공수정한 결과수태율은 68.3~74.6%, 분만율은 61.7~67.6%, 총산자수는 8.7~9.6두 그리고 생존산자수는 8.1~8.7두로 각각 나타났다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2011

The present research was carried out to evaluate the possibility of increasing female offspring production ratios using artificial insemination buffer (AIB) before artificial insemination (AI). In this experiment, we optimized AIB composition, made an AIB gun and analyze factors affecting AI non-return rate after AIB treatment. The AIB was made with the base of Tris-buffer supplemented with L-arginine and several other chemicals that might reduce the motility of male sperm compared to the female counterpart, therefore, increasing the possibility of fertilization by female sperm. AIB must be deposited into $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ cervix by AIB gun. After 15 min of AIB deposition, frozen semen was deposited into the same place. A total of 348 cattle were inseminated with AIB insemination, and there were no significant differences between AIB and traditional AI non-return rates (56.8% vs. 55.7%). The AI non-return rate in AIB group, however, differed significantly among 7 Hanwoo farms. The parturition numbers ($1^{st}$ to $7^{th}$) of cows did not affect AIB AI rate. The proportion of AIB AI success rates was significantly higher in Hanwoo cows than in dairy cows (61.0% vs. 48.7%), but the average AI success rate did not differ significantly between AIB and conventional AI (56.8% vs. 55.7%). The female offspring production rate in $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ cervix deposition place was significantly higher than that in the uterus body (77.7% vs. 59.6%, p<0.05). The injection volume of AIB in 5 and 10 ml was significantly higher than that in 2 ml (77.7%, 78.7% vs. 51.8%, p<0.05), but there were no differences in AIB injection volume between 5 and 10 ml. The best exposure time of AIB in the cervix was 10 to 15 min rather than 5 min (79.2%, 77.2% vs. 52.6%, p<0.05). AIB therefore needs to have an exposure time of at least over 10 min for a higher production rate of female offspring. In conclusion, AIB could be used in AI industry to increase the female offspring ratio and AIB AI can increase the AI success rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1993

This study was conducted to determine the cost of production of semen and the rate of conception for artificial insemination in eight randomly selected districts of Bangladesh. A sample of 640 adopting farms were investigated. Results indicate that the cost of liquid semen per dose on full-cost and cash cast basis were Tk. 16.17 and Tk. 14.48, while the cost of locally produced exotic semen and imported semen were Tk. 31.25 and Tk. 110.00 respectively. The cost of liquid semen per insemination, per conception and per progeny on full-cost were Tk. 26.65, Tk. 50.64, and Tk. 56.27 respectively and on cash cost were Tk. 23.88, Tk. 45.37 and Tk. 50.41 respectively. The average cost of semen paid by the farmers was Tk. 14.00 and it was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Out of the cost of A.I. centres, government had subsidized 92.16 percent and the rest 7.84 percent accrued as returns. About 40 percent of the produced semen was lost in the system which could not be used at all. The conception rate on first insemination was 53.6 percent. The rate increased to 73.2 percent upto the last insemination. The difference in conception rate between liquid semen (69.97%) and frozen semen (70.48%) was not statistically significant.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2010

We report herein the successful results of estrus induction, sperm cryopreservation and kids born by transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen in a Saanen goat. Flugestone acetate (FGA: 60 mg) was inserted into vagina for 15 days. The goat was intramuscularly injected with 400 IU PMSG and 200 IU hCG ($PG600^{(R)}$: Intervet, Korea) a day before withdrawal of the FGA sponge. Follicles and corpora lutea were identified on both ovaries by laparoscopy. Artificial insemination was performed 46 hours after removal of FGA sponge. The concentration of frozen-thawed semen was $3.975{\times}10^8/ml$ and 0.5 ml of frozen-thawed semen was transcervically inseminated into uterine body under anesthesia. Three kids, all females, were born 144 days after artificial insemination. This is the first report producing kids by transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen in a Saanen goat of which the estrus was induced by FGA sponges, PMSG and hCG during non-breeding season in Korea.