• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2009

목 적 : 액상 대두기반 영아식이 개발되어 시판되고 있으나 이에 대한 영양학적 연구는 미흡한 상태이다. 액상 대두영아식을 섭취하는 경우 영유아의 성장 및 발달을 모유 및 우유기반 영유아식을 먹이는 경우와 비교하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 6월부터 203년 8월까지 충북대학교병원에서 만기 정상분만으로 출생한 신생아를 대상으로 모유군(n=20)과 대두 영유아식(n=19) 및 우유 영유아식군(n=12)으로 나누어, 생후 첫 3개월간은 모유 및 인공 영유아식을 각 군에 해당하는 식이를 먹이고 생후 4개월부터는 이유식을 자유롭게 하도록 했다. 신체계측으로는 출생 시, 1, 2, 4, 5, 12개월, 그리고 36개월에 신장, 체중, 두위, 삼두박근 피부두께, 그리고 상완둘레를 측정하였다. 일반혈액 및 혈청의 화학검사는 생후 5, 12 그리고 36개월에 시행하였다. 결 과 : 생후 5개월까지는 대두 영유아식군의 체중이 가장 낮았으나 신장은 차이가 없었고, 이후 체중과 신장은 36개월까지 모든 영유아식군 간에 차이가 없었다. 혈중 헤모글로빈은 5개월과 12개월에 모유군이 가장 낮았다(P<0.05). 혈청화학 검사에서는 대두 영유아식군에서 생후 5개월에 BUN은 가장 높았고, cholesterol, 인, 포타슘은 가장 낮았으나, 그 이후는 모든 화학검사 수치의 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 대두기반 영유아식을 준 경우에 생후 3년간 우유 영유아식군이나 모유군에 비하여 신체의 성장에는 차이가 없었다. 대두기반 영유아식이 우유기반 영유아식이나 모유에 비하여 무기질 함량이 높은데도 불구하고 생후 5개월에 혈청 인 및 포타슘이 낮아 무기물의 흡수율을 높이는 방법을 개발해야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

본 실험은 볼락 종묘를 안정적으로 대량 생산하는 데 필 수적인 자치어기의 성장과 소화효소인 trypsin, pepsin-like enzyme, amylase 그리고 lipase의 activity를 측정하여 소화생리에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 산출 직후 자어의 체장은 $5.01{\pm}0.22 mm$이었던 것이 산출 후 100일에는 $36.01{\pm}1.22 mm$ 까지 성장하였고, 습중량은 산출 후 70일 전후로 급격히 증가하였다. trysin 활성은 산출후 2일째 처음으로 확인되어 $7.00{\pm}1.48$ unit을 나타내고 산출후 66일 $1425{\pm}230$ unit으로 peak를 나타내었다. pepsin-like enzyme 활성은 산출 후 11일째 처음으로 확인되었고 산출후 66일째 $902{\pm}160$ unit까지 급격히 증가하였다. Lipase 활성은 산출후 2일째 $4.5{\pm}1.4$ unit으로 확인되었고 산출후 47일계에는 $38.3{\pm}0.4$unit로 peak를 나타내었다. Amylase 활성은 산출후 11일째 $0.18{\pm}0.11$ unit으로 처음 확인되었고 산출후 50일째 $23.48{\pm}5.11$ unit까지 급격히 증가하였다. specific activity는 trypsin이 산출후 14일째, pepsin-like enzyme이 61일째 peak를 나타냈다. 볼락의 체중이 현저하게 증가하는 시기에 맞춰서 각 효소와 전활성이 급격히 상승하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이것은 이시기가 위선이 기능적으로 역할을 하는 시기와 일치하므로 단백질 소화능력의 비약적인 증가가 체중 증가에 크게 관여하였음을 나타낸다. 그러므로 본 실험에서 확인 된 체중이 급격히 증가하는 시기는 볼락 양식에 있어서 사료 전환기 즉, 생물사료에서 배합사료로 전환하기에 적당하다고 할 수 있겠다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2015

검거세미나방(Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel))은 골프장의 잔디를 비롯한 많은 경제작물에 주요해충의 하나이다. 곤충병원성선충, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 계통(ScG)은 우리나라에서 분리된 것으로 시설재배 해충을 비롯한 토양서식 해충 방제에 유용한 생물적 방제인자로 우리나라에서 상업적으로 생산되고 있다. 본 연구는 검거세미나방에 대한 ScG의 병원성을 실험실과 온실, 포장에서 검정하였다. 검거세미나방 인공사료 배지에서 3령충을 대상으로 63마리 감염태 유충(Ijs)을 접종한 결과 3일후에 90%이상의 치사율을 보였다. 검거세미나방 령기와 잔디 초종별에 따른 ScG의 병원성은 검거세미나방 2령충에 비하여 4령충에서 높았고 (90.0% 대 81.2% 치사율, $2,000Ijs\;pot^{-1}$), 검거세미나방 3령충에 대한 초종별 병원성은 크리핑벤트그라스(Agrostis palustris)에서가 들잔디(Zoysia japonica)에 비해서 높았다(96.7% 대 52.5% 치사율, $100,000Ijs\;m^{-2}$). 크리핑벤트그라스 포장에서는 $m^2$당 100,000 Ijs ScG처리 시 검거세미나방 4령충에 대한 보정사충율은 79.9%였다. 따라서 한국산 곤충병원성선충 ScG는 골프장 잔디에서 검거세미나방의 생물적방제 인자로 활용이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2000

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) determination is being used an indicator of the protein-energy balance in dairy herds. A faulty balance can be corrected to optimize milk production and animal health. This parameter is regarded as a potential tool to evaluate suboptimal feeding practices and reproductive disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the response of milk composition by regular feeding analysis and to compared the relationship between MUN and milk protein(MP) and fertility at the insemination period in Holstein dairy cows. Total of 355 artificial insemination (AI) for 150 Holstein cows in the herd were used to examine the relationship between MUN and MP content and conception rate. The AI occured for the cows 50 to 150 day in milk, and MUN and MP concentration were determined using automated infrared procedures. The mean${\pm}$standard deviation of MUN and MP concentration in the herd were $15.6{\pm}2.1mg/dl$ and $3.23{\pm}0.38%$, respectively. MUN contents of bulk milk were increase by elevated crude protein intake. The conception rate was lower in the cows in which the level of MUN was lower than > 8.0mg/dl (10.0%) or > higher than 25mg/dl (15.4%) relative to the cows in MUN content of 12.0~17.9 mg/dl (36.7%) at the time of insemination. Also, lower MP than 3.0% or higher MP than 3.25% were associated with a lower conception rates. Consequently, MUN and MP analyses may be used serve as a monitoring tool of protein and energy nutritional balance to improve reproduction efficiency in Holstein dairy cows.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.228-240
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• 1997

It is important to asess the risk factors of parenting and provide early intervention for promotion of the maternal caretaking ability. The purpose of the study was to identify the maternal burden of caretaking, the supporting and the educational need for the caretaking activities of the mother of infant. Sixty three mothers of infants who visited the wellbaby clinic of S university hospital and one health center during the period of November 1st, to 30th in 1996 comprised the subjects of this study, Data were gathered through the instruments that were developed by researcher. Statistical analysis of this study was used ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The results were as follows : 1) The mean score of the maternal burden of caretaking was 22.06. The maternal burden of caretaking was significantly high in the mothers who had vaginal delivery compare with the mothers who had caeserean section and in the muthers who gave artificial feeding compare with the group of breast or mixed feeding. 2) The mean score of the support need for the caretaking activities was 30.69. The support need for the caretaking activities was significantly high in the mothers who had the second child, compare with the mothers who had first or third child. And the support need for the caretaking activities was significantly high in the mothers who had caretaking help compare with the mothers who had no caretaking help. The specific subjects of 'mother-infant interaction', 'immunization' and 'prevention of accident' on the support need for the caretaking activities were relatively high. 3) The mean score of the educational need of caretaking activities was 29.3. The educational need of caretaking activities was significantly high in the mother who had the second child compare with the mothers who had first or third child. And the educational need of caretaking activities was significantly high in the mothers who had caretaking help compare with the mothers who had no caretaking help. The specific subjects of 'mother-infant interaction', 'emergency care' and 'prevention of accident' on educational need of caretaking were relatively high. 4) The maternal burden of caretaking was not correlated with the support need or the educational need of caretaking activities. But the support need of caretaking activities was significantly correlated with the educational need of caretaking activities. 5) The support and educational need of caretaking activities were significantly high in the mothers who wanted home care for caretaking their infants. Through the study, it was found that there is considerable maternal burden of caretaking as well as the support and educational need on the caretaking activities in the mothers whose child is young. Therefore developing the systematic and effective program is needed to meet the mother's need. The results of this study will be useful resources to develop the program. On the other hand, it can be recommanded that home health care will be one of the approach to support the mothers caretaking activities.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2005

고부가가치 양식 대상종이고, 자원조성용으로 효과적인 돌돔의 안정된 종묘생산을 위한 연구의 일환으로서 수온, 먹이종류에 따른 성장과 생존 및 물 만들기를 실시하여 대량 종묘생산의 효과를 조사하였다. 자연해수 실험구($20.5^{\circ}C$)와 가온해수 실험구($25.3^{\circ}C$)조건에서 30일 동안 사육한 결과 가온구가 대조구 보다 2배정도 빠른 성장을 보여 유의차가 인정되었다. 생존율은 가온구에서 부화 후 30일까지 평균 $24.0\%$였고, 대조구에서는 $12.3\%$로서 상대적으로 낮았다. 먹이계열에 따른 자치어의 사육실험 결과 로티퍼와 배합사료를 공급한 실험구에서는 먹이효율이 낮았으나, 사육수조에 Nannochloropsis oculata 첨가하고, 로티퍼, 알테미아, 코페포다 및 배합사료를 혼합 공급한 실험구에서 성장 및 생존율에서 양호한 결과를 보여 유의한 차이가 인정되었다. 대량종묘생산 결과 일령 50일까지 생존율은 평균 $22.5\%$였으며, 치어의 평균 전장은 62.0$\pm$4.0mm로 성장하였다. 그리고 돌돔자어의 로티퍼 1회 섭식량은 부화 5일째평균 10.3개체, 10일째 16.5개체, 20일째 65.5개체로서 자어의 성장과 함께 섭식량은 급격히 증가하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.449-459
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• 2020

Here, we investigated the effects of different nutrient requirements (NR) on blood metabolites, transferable embryo number after multiple superovulations with artificial insemination (AI), body condition score (BCS), and estrus cycle in Hanwoo cow. Nineteen Hanwoo cows were randomly divided into three groups (80%, 100%, and 120% NR, containing 6, 8, and 5 individuals, respectively) and fed based on the NR. In experiment 1, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin (ALB), and total protein (TP) were analyzed. In experiment 2, total number of recovered embryos and transferable embryos was examined after embryo recovery and multiple superovulations with AI. In experiment 3, body weight, BCS, and estrus cycle were examined. In experiment 1, total cholesterol was significantly different among the 80%, 100%, and 120% NR groups (126.5 ± 3.3, 152.6 ± 2.4, and 177.4 ± 1.8 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.05). The triglyceride and BUN levels in the 120% NR group were significantly higher than those in the 80% and 100% groups (p < 0.05). The NEFA levels were significantly different among the 80%, 100%, and 120% NR groups (440.5 ± 18.2, 318.5 ± 23.1, and 195.1 ± 8.5 ЧEq/L, respectively, p < 0.05). The AST and TP levels in the 80% NR group were significantly lower than those in the 100% and 120% NR groups (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, the 120% NR group showed a higher percentage of transferable embryos than the 80% and 100% groups (p < 0.01). The mean body weight and BCS among the 80%, 100%, and 120% NR groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The estrus cycle in the 80% NR group was delayed compared with the 100% and 120% NR groups (20.8 ± 0.2 and 21.2 ± 0.5 days, respectively). In conclusion, the blood metabolic tests proved that Hanwoo cows with 120% NR can produce a large number of transferable embryos. Thus, 120% NR is the appropriate feeding level for this type of cows as it results in the production of a large number of transferable embryos by multiple superovulations with AI.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2001

[ $\beta$ ]-glucan을 시판의 배합사료에 $0.1\%$ 첨가한 다음 담수어인 잉어 (평균체중 1.0g 및 68.7g)와 해산어인 넙치 (평균 체중, 12.1 g 및 54.0g)에 2주간 첨가사료, 1주간 무첨가사료, 2주간 첨가사료 투여의 투여방법으로 5주간 경구투여한 다음 인위감염에 대한 생잔율을 조사하였다. 또 투여기간중의 말초혈액의 백혈구수와 혈중리소자임의 활성과 5주간 투여후에 채취한 백혈구의 식작용능을 조사하였다. $\beta$-glucan첨가사료 투여군에 $1\times10^6$cells의 Aeromonas hydrophila를 접종한 평균체중 68.7g의 잉어군과 $1\times10^5$cells의 Edwardsiella tarda를 접종한 평균체중 68.7g의 넙치군에서 $\beta$-glucan첨가사료 투여군이 무첨가투여군에 비해 생존율이 높았고 (P<0.05),그 외의 접종군에서는 무첨가투여군과 차이가 없었다. $\beta$-glucan첨가사료 투여기간 동안 말초혈액중의 마크로파아지와 호중구수는 투여기간에는 증가, 무투여기간에는 감소하는 경향이었으며 특히 마크로파아지의 증가가 현저하였다. 혈중 리소자임은 잉어에서는 $\beta$-glucan첨가사료 투여기간에는 상승하고 무투여기간에는 감소하였지만, $\beta$-glucan첨가사료를 다시 투여한 후 급격히 상승하여 높은 활성을 유지하였다 그러나 넙치는 잉어보다는 활성의 증가는 현저하지 않았고 무투여기간에도 변동이 없었지만 무첨가투여군보다는 항상 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breast self-examination teaching methods which are printed material, videotape, demonstration used BSE model on women. The subjects for this study were non-medical professional 88 women in Kwangju. The data was collected from October 16 to November 24, 1995 by means of a structured questionnaire. For measuring BSE knowledge, Kim's(1994) instrument was used ard modified by researcher. For measuring BSE attitude based on health belief, Lee's(1982) & Kim's(1994) instrument was used and modified by researcher. Printed material from literature were reviewed by researcher, 'A woman's guide to breast self-examination' videotape by Nurse Practitioner Creation and BSE simulator by Narco were used 21 attitude scale and 13 knowledge scale were checked before and after teaching methods. The data was analyzed by frequency, paired t-test, ANOVA using the SAS program. The results were as follows : 1. The BSE total knowledge score after having teaching was higher than before, different significantly(t=-14.05, p=0.000). The most effective teaching method on BSE knowledge change was demonstration used BSE model in three teaching methods and was different significantly(F=8.44, p=0.000). 2. The BSE total attitude score after having teaching was changed to more positively, different significantly(t=4.59, p=0.000). The most effective teaching method on positive BSE attitude change was demonstration used BSE model in three teaching methods and was different significantly(F=3.21, p=0.045). 3. The HB score after having teaching was higher than before, and benefits, barriers and health concerns were different significantly(t=-2.51, p=0.014 ; t=-4.53, p=0.000 ; t=-3.71, p=0.000). Susceptibility and seriousness were not different significantly. 4. There were different significantly among knowledge, religion(F=3.92, p=0.013) and child (F=3.08, p=0.08). There were different significantly among attitude, age(F=4.65, p=0.05), mansturation state(F=4.39, p=0.016), and artificial abortion experience(F=5.18, p=0.026). There were different significantly among health concern, age(F=2.50, p=0.068), delivary experience(F=3.22, p=0.076), artificial abortion experience(F=5.46, p=0.023), and feeding(F=6.24, p=0.003). Printed material, videotape, and demonstration used BSE model may be valuable for changing positively knowledge and attitude related to BSE. Demonstration used BSE model was most effective teaching method in this study. Therefore, this study revealed that BSE teaching methods were a useful nursing intervention for promoting practice regularily and exactly on women.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 1% 마늘 추출액을 사료에 첨가하여 항균력 시험, 혈액학적 분석 및 어류질병 원인체들 (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus, Vibrio anguillarum, Streptococcus iniae, Edwardsiella tarda)에 대한 비특이적 면역반응을 조사하였다. 사료에 1% 마늘 추출액을 첨가하여 4주간 넙치에 섭이시킨 후 V. anguillarum, S. iniae, E. tarda을 인위 감염시켜 2주간 누적 폐사율을 관찰하였다. 공격 실험 결과 E. tarda를 제외한 모든 시험구에서 대조구에 비해 낮은 누적 폐사율이 관찰되었다. Hematocrit, glucose, total protein, lysozyme activity 및 macrophage activity에서는 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수치를 관찰하였다. 3가지 어병세균 (V. anguillarum, S. iniae, E. tarda)을 이용하여 마늘 항균력 및 MIC를 측정한 결과, 이전에 보고된 마늘 분말보다 1% 마늘 추출물에서 더 효과적인 결과를 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과는 마늘 추출물이 넙치의 V. anguillarum, S. iniae, E. tarda에 대한 비특이적 면역반응 및 질병저항력을 증가시키는 것으로 사료된다.