• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2012

Courtyard is evolving from the conventional one element of a building far beyond into independent peremeter of urban architecture, of which function has been darmatically upgraded from embedded traditional air fluiding, nutural lighting system into where full fledged function can be experienced so much as your imagimation reaches taking major social responsibility such as intact offline social networking which links people from neighbors, inter / extra buiding openness which allow people can communicate among othewise between themselves and artificial natural environmental emelents supplier where people resort to relaxation and natural healing. Roles of courtyard has been by far streatched out into nearby natural healing space where people can shake off their unavoidable stresses from the modern life relaxing themselves looking at the sky otherwise observe natural surroundigns such as plants, flowers and waters. Thanks to hereonto mentioned its merits, Courtyard building is widely used and seen as a center of modern urban design in residence, public bilding and urban planned buildings. Courtyard biulding is nowadays boasting their morphological diversity brought out from lots of topological variation, type variants, cross section and inter relationship with the other neighboring spaces. Hence, hereby I have been studied how above mentioned three major peremeters of courtyard has been upgraded in modern architecture comparing the period from 1960 to 1990 and the period starting from 1991.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2006

Bioluminescence single-site immunometric assay for methamphetamine (MA) using the native aequorin, a photoprotein, as a signal generator was developed for the first time. MA is a potent sympathomimetic amine with stimulant effects on the central nervous system. MA abuse induces hallucinations and, thus, may cause a serious social problem. The single-site immunometric MA assay was optimized and its dose-response behavior was examined. The dose-response curve shows that the detection limit is 1.1 ${\times}$ $10^{-10}$ M and a dynamic range is four orders of magnitude with 15 $\mu$g/mL BSA-MA conjugate and 1.0 ${\times}$ $10^{-8}$ M anti-MA antibody-biotin conjugate. In order to evaluate this assay, the structurally similar compounds, amphetamine, ephedrine, norephedrine, benzphetamine and N-4-(aminobutyl)methamphetamine were examined for their crossreactivity. None of these five compounds showed any cross-reactivity. Additionally, an artificial urine solution spiked with MA was analyzed by the MA assay, and the result of the analysis demonstrated the usefulness of the present assay for the determination of MA in urine.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2017

Workers' demands for new applications, especially mobile applications, are increasing. Many industry analysts, researchers and corporate executives say the demand for mobile applications is becoming increasingly difficult to follow in the IT department. Gartner predicts that by 2021, the demand for mobile application development within the enterprise will increase about five times faster than IT can deliver applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide an environment where non-developers who are in charge of business development can develop apps and webs for their work. The basic concept of a new innovative App development tool, Smart Maker Authoring Tool is to develop Apps on the level using easy-to-learn Word or Excel in a computer. The main feature is that the app is developed by a non-developer worker. The coding technology is perfectly optimized to the structure and operation mechanism of the IT Infra such as hardware devices and operating system, which are the targets for implementing a desired function. Rather, it shows excellent software productivity. The most important feature of future business development is that it is developed by a non-developer worker. In this paper, we propose a no-code and low-code platform for non - developers to develop their business. In the future, we will link the IoT based Arduino system and artificial intelligent interpretation system.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2014

Vehicle toxicity is one of the main obstacles for intracellular delivery of bioactive compounds. Silk fibroin is a natural polymer proven to have high biocompatibility since being used as suture material. In this report, fibroin microspheres were prepared without any chemical modification or cross-linking not to affect its biocompatibility. The microspheres were taken up by more than 90% of 3T3 cells. Cellular uptake continued after medium replenishment with a different-colored fluorescent microsphere, suggesting that simultaneous ingestion and exocytosis occurred. Cellular uptake of fibroin microspheres did not affect cell viability. Intracellular trafficking of the microspheres using lysosome-specific fluorescent dye revealed that fibroin microspheres were localized both in the cytoplasm and in the lysosome. Accordingly, fibroin microspheres can be a potential vehicle for intracytoplasmic delivery of large cargos, such as mixtures of proteins, nutrients or artificial organelles.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.375-375
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• 2009

For many large-scale applications of high-temperature superconducting materials, large critical current density($J_c$) in high applied magnetic fields are required. A number of methods have been reported to introduce artificial pinning centers(APCs) in $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$(YBCO) films for enhancement of their $J_c$. We report measurements of critical current in $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ films deposited by PLD on $SrTiO_3$ substrates decorated with Au nanoparticles. Au nanoparticles were synthesized on STO substrates with self assembled monolayer. Microstructural analysis of the obtained YBCO films was performed by using cross-section transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Phase and textural analysis was done using X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology and surface roughness(Ra) of the layers was measured by atomic force microscopy(AFM).

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2000

석유화학 설비 등과 같은 노출 배관의 결함을 검출하는데 효율적으로 이용될 수 있는 자왜형 초음파 센서를 제작하였다. 최대의 초음파 발생 효율을 얻기 위한 최적 조건을 설정하였으며, 실험에 사용된 배관의 경우 $250{\sim}350Oe$의 정자기장이 최적이었으며, 180kHz의 주파수를 갖는 초음파를 발생시키기 위해서는 15mm 폭의 코일을 사용하는 것이 가장 좋았다. 최적의 조건에서 발생된 초음파는 50m 이상을 충분히 진행할 수 있으며, 결함의 단면적이 증가함에 따라 수신된 결함 신호는 직선적으로 증가함을 확인하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2000

This study investigates the prediction of daily water supply, which is a necessary for the efficient management of water distribution system. ANFIS, namely artificial intelligence, is a neural network into which fuzzy information is inputted and then processed. In this study, daily water supply was predicted through an application of network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) for daily water supply prediction. This study was investigated methods for predicting water supply based on data about the amount of water which supplied in Kwangju city. For variables choice, four analyses of input data were conducted: correlation analysis, autocorrelation analysis, partial autocorrelation analysis, and cross-correlation analysis. Input variables were (a) the amount of water supply, (b) the mean temperature, and (c) the population of the area supplied with water. Variables were combined in an integrated model. Data of the amount of daily water supply only was modelled and its validity was verified in the case that the meteorological office of weather forecast is not always reliable. Proposed models include accidental cases such as a suspension of water supply. The maximum error rate between the estimation of the model and the actual measurement was 18.46% and the average error was lower than 2.36%. The model is expected to be a real-time estimation of the operational control of water works and water/drain pipes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2000

Astragalus membranaceus has flowers that are similar to that of the legume family, but shows poor bearing when self-pollination is induced. Thus, this study was carried out observing the ripening procedure of pistils and stamens and development stages of pollen in the context of the birth and growth of the flower. As to the bearing of the flower of A. membranaceus, few pod setting and 13% pod setting were observed when self-pollination is induced by paper-bag covering or artificial pollination treated respectively. The result indicates that A. membranaceus is a cross-pollination plant. A pistil grew faster than a stamen until just before blooming. The flower size was about 17.0mm$\times$4.0mm. Pistils and stamens had the same length after flowering. Pollen mother cells passed through meiosis and mitosis when its length reached around 3.5mm, thus creating the tetrade when 4 mm long. Pollen attained full growth when the bud was about 10mm long. An anther was found to tend to dehisce when the length of a bud reached around 12.0mm. As to the shape of pollen, about 70 % were normal. 1% and 30 % were small or empty pollen respectively. The result indicates that pollen of A. membranaceus attains full growth just before anther dehiscence which occurs before blooming while pistils grow faster than stamens until before flowering.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.313-324
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• 1993

Sister chromatid exchange(SCE) has recently become a common cytogenic assay system for detecting exposure to chemical mutagens and carcinogens. One application of SCE is the monitoring of populations believed to be exposed to such agents. A cross-sectional study of SCE frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 40 college students aged 18 to 26 years was conducted. The effects of cigarette smoking alcohol and coffee consumption, dietary and environmental factors on SCE were assessed. A mean spontaneous SCE per cell for the smokers(4.88$\pm$0.17). The SCE levels of the smokers were associated with the personal smoking amount ; the observed increase in the SCE frequency correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day (P<0.05). There was no effect of age on SCE. There were positive linear relationship between SCE and food frequency score of meat and fish group (P<0.05) or instant food group(P<0.01) in non-smokers. But in smokers, a significant inverse association between SCE and food frequency score of green and yellow vegetable group(P<0.05). Alcohol intake produced a significant increase(P<0.01) of SCE in comparison with the mean SCE for those not drinking alcohol in combine subjects. Other dietary parameters, including coffee intake, use of artificial sweetners and processed foods, did not show any increase in SCE. SCEs were inversely related to blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels of the combine subjects. No significant correlations were found between SCE frequencise and any other hematological parameters of the subjects.

• 경영과학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2000

Customization and personalization services are considered as a critical success factor to be a successful Internet store or web service provider. As a representative personalization technique, personalized recommendation techniques are studied and commercialized to suggest products or services to a customer of Internet storefronts based on demographics of the customer or based on an analysis of the past purchasing behavior of the customer. The underlining theories of recommendation techniques are statistics, data mining, artificial intelligence, and/or rule-based matching. In the rule-based approach for personalized recommendation, marketing rules for personalization are usually collected from marketing experts and are used to inference with customers data. however, it is difficult to extract marketing rules from marketing experts, and also difficult to validate and to maintain the constructed knowledge base. In this paper, we proposed a marketing rule extraction technique for personalized recommendation on Internet storefronts using market basket analysis technique, a well-known data mining technique. Using marketing basket analysis technique, marketing rules for cross sales are extracted, and are used to provide personalized advertisement selection when a customer visits in an Internet store. An experiment has been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed approach comparing with preference scoring approach and random selection.