• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.373-381
• /
• 1993

Resistance evolution to organophosphate-based pesticides in apple and pear inhabiting arthropods of western North America extends to many classes of pest and some beneficial species. Resistance management programs to minimize resistance in pests while exploiting it in natural enemies have met with mixed success. Among beneficials, resistances have been exploited mostly among predators of pest mites. Evolution of resistant mites, leafminers, leafhopper, aphids, leafrollers and some internal fruit feeders have led to development of new monitoring methods and means to delay or avoid resistance. But it is resistance to azinphosmethyl in codling moth (Cydia pomonella) that is changing the pest control system and moving it from chemical to biologically-based means. Newly merging IPM system will depend more on use of biological, cultural, behavior and genetic controls. But more selective pesticides also will be needed to augment pheromones, resistant host plants and genetically altered organisms. These more biologically-based tactics will be prone to resistance evolution in pests as well, if used too unilaterally and/or too extensively.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to measure seasonal changes in the community structure and species composition of marobenthos in the intertidal area of Dokdo. The macrobenthos identified during this study was comprised of 36 species: predominately 25 species of mollusks(69.4 %), 6 species of arthropods(16.7 %), 3 species of echinodermata(8.3 %) and 1 species of cnidaria (5.6 %). The number of marobenthos species ranged from 27 in Spring to 33 in Autumn. In terms of the top 10 dominant species, there were 7 species of mollusks and 3 species of arthropods in the this study. After analyzing the bray-curtis similarity, it was divided into two large groups(A, B). Such group classification matched the SIMPROF(Similarity Profile Analysis) and the one-way ANOSIM(Analysis of similarities) analysis.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 1997년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.147.1-147
• /
• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.351-357
• /
• 2007

Regions (about 3.7-3.8 kb) of the mitochondrial genomes (rrnL-cox1) of two tardigrades, a heterotardigrade, Batillipes pennaki, and a eutardigrade, Pseudobiotus spinifer, were sequenced and characterized. The gene order in Batillipes was $\underline{rrnL}-\underline{V}-\underline{rrnS}-\underline{Q}-\underline{I}$-M-nad2-W-$\underline{C}-\underline{Y}$-cox1, and in Pseudobiotus it was $\underline{rrnL}-\underline{V}-\underline{rrnS}-\underline{Q}$-M-nad2-W-$\underline{C}-\underline{Y}$-cox1. With the exception of the trnI gene, the two tardigrade regions have the same gene content and order. Their gene orders are strikingly similar to that of the chelicerate Limulus polyphemus (rrnL-V-rrnS-CR-I-Q-M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1), which is considered to be ancestral for arthropods. Although the tardigrades do not have a distinct control region (CR) within this segment, the trnI gene in Pseudobiotus is located between rrnL-trnL1 and trnL2-nad1, and the trnI gene in Batillipes is located between trnQ and trnM. In addition, the 106-bp region between trnQ and trnM in Batillipes not only contains two plausible trnI genes with opposite orientations, but also exhibits some CR-like characteristics. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of 183 other protostomes were compared. 60 (52.2%) of the 115 arthropods examined have the M-nad2-W-C-Y-cox1 arrangement, and 88 (76.5%) the M-nad2-W arrangement, as found in the tardigrades. In contrast, no such arrangement was seen in the 70 non-arthropod protostomes studied. These are the first non-sequence molecular data that support the close relationship of tardigrades and arthropods.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.151-155
• /
• 2010

Allergen extracts from dust mites and cockroaches commonly found in Korean homes were used to evaluate their enzymatic activity as they are believed to influence allergenicity. Allergen extracts were prepared from 3 dust mite species (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) and 3 cockroach species (Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, and P. fuliginosa) maintained in the Korea National Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank. Proteins were extracted in PBS after homogenization using liquid nitrogen. The activities of various enzymes were investigated using the API Zym system. No significant difference in phosphatase, lipase, or glycosidase activity was observed among the 6 allergen extracts, but much difference was observed in protease activity. Protease activity was assessed in more detail by gelatin zymography and the EnzChek assay. Extract from T. putrescentiae showed the highest protease activity, followed by those of the cockroach extracts. Extracts from D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus showed only weak protease activity. Gelatinolytic activity was detected mainly in a 30-kDa protein in D. farinae, a 28-kDa protein in D. pteronyssinus, a > 26-kDa protein in T. putrescentiae, a > 20-kDa protein in B. germanica, and a > 23-kDa protein in P. americana and P. fuliginosa. The information on various enzymatic activities obtained in this study may be useful for future studies. In particular, the strong protease activity found in cockroach extracts could contribute to sensitization to cockroach allergens, which is known to be associated with the development of asthma.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2009

Cockroaches have been recognized as a major cause of asthma. Bla g 4 is one of the most important German cockroach allergens. The aim of this study is to investigate IgE reactivity to the recombinant Bla g 4 (rBla g 4) in the sera of allergic patients and identify linear IgE binding epitope. For protein expression, full-length Bla g 4 (EF202172) was divided into 5 overlapping peptide fragments (E1: aa 1-100, E2: aa 34-77, E3: aa 74-117, E4: aa 114-156, and E5: aa 153-182). The full-length and 5 peptide fragments of Bla g 4 was generated by PCR and over-expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The IgE binding reactivities of the full-length and peptide fragments were measured by ELISA using 32 serum samples of cockroach allergy. The sera of 8 patients (25%) reacted with rBla g 4. Four sera (100%) showed IgE-binding reactivity to full-length and peptide fragment 4, and 2 sera (50%) reacted with peptide fragment 2. One (20%) serum reacted with peptide fragment 3. The results of ELISA using overlapping recombinant fragments indicated that the epitope region was located at amino acid sequences 34-73 and 78-113, and major IgE epitope of Bla g 4 was located at amino acid sequences 118-152 of C-terminal. B-cell epitope analysis of German cockroach allergen Bla g 4 could contribute to the strategic development of more specific and potentially efficacious immunotherapy.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 2010

간벌 후 하층식생과 낙엽층에 큰 변화가 일어나기 때문에 이로 인한 식식성 절지동물이나 부식성 절지동물의 변화가 예상된다. 1998~2000년(과거 간벌)과 2007년(최근 간벌)에 간벌이 실시된 춘천의 30~50년생 잣나무 조림지를 대상으로 함정트랩법으로 2006년과 2008년에 조사를 실시하였다. 절지동물의 밀도와 군집구조의 변화를 분석한 결과 과거 간벌의 영향은 나타났으나 최근 간벌의 영향은 발견되지 않았다. 간벌로 인한 영향이 부식성 절지동물에서 가장 높은 빈도로 나타났고 그 다음으로는 식식성 절지동물이 높았으며, 포식성 절지동물에서 가장 낮았다. 부식성 절지동물의 다양한 변화는 확인이 되었으나, 식식성 절지동물의 증가는 일부 분류군(식식성 메뚜기목)에서만 발견되었고, 감소한 식식성 절지동물(바구미과)도 있었다. 간벌로 인해 밀도가 증가하는 분류군과 감소하는 분류군의 상쇄효과로 인해 절지동물의 전체 밀도는 변화가 없었다. 군집구조의 경우 연도에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받았고, 과거 간벌의 영향이 다음으로 강했으나 최근 간벌의 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용곤충학회 2000년도 추계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.22-22
• /
• 2000

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 1997년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.147.2-147
• /
• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.601-604
• /
• 1992

A total of 480 live buffaloes and 180 visceral samples from Dhaka, Mymensingh, Bogura and Rajshahi were examined for the presence of parasites of water buffaloes in Bangladesh during September, 1988 to August, 1989. The recorded parasites were eight trematodes, two cestodes, fourteen nematodes, two protozoa and two arthropods. The trematodes were Fasciola gigantica (18.9%-46.4%). Paramphistomes (Gigantocotyl explanatum, Ceylonocotyl scoliocoelium, Cotylophoron cotylophorum and Gastrothylax crumenifer (29.5%-48.3%). Schistosoma indicum (1.6%-31.6%), S. spindale (13.9%-27.7%) and S. nasalis (4.6%-8.3%). The cestodes were Hydatid cyst (24.4%), Cysticercus tenuicollis (11.1%). The nematodes were Strongyloides papillosus (14.8%-21.6%), Capillaria spp. (C. bilobata, C. bovis) (8.5%-20.0%), Setaria digitata (7.2%), Onchocerca armillata (27.2%), Thelazia rhodesii (2.3%), Gongylonema pulchrum (3.9%), Oesophagostomum radiatum (6.6%-41.6%), Hookworms (Agriostomum vryburgi, Bunostomum phlebotomum) (8.1%-17.2%), Trichostrongylus axei (11.2%-21.6%), Mecistocirrus digitatus & Haemonchus contortus (15.2%-25.5%) and Toxocara vitulorum (1.1%-9.8%). The protozoa were Eimeria zuerni (2.3%) and Trypanosoma theileri (0.4%). The arthropods were Haemaphysalis bispinosa (8.1%) and Haematopinus tuberculatus (34.6%).