• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2013

This study is aimed to prepare the effective detail survey methods(Phase II) of abandoned metal mines through the contamination assessment for mine types and facilities in the abandoned metal mine areas. The study sites of 12 abandoned mines are located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do and those were chosen among 310 sites that the Phase II survey was conducted from 2007 to 2009 after considering the results of Phase I for abandoned mines scattered all over the country. 12 study sites were classified into four types; Type I sites only have pit mouth. Type II sites have pit mouth and mine-waste field. Type III sites have pit mouth and tailing sorting field. Type IV sites have pit mouth, tailing sorting field and concentrator(s). In forest land, paddy soil and farm land of Type I, As and Cd were showed average concentration, and Cu and Pb were high on the pit mouth area in one mines where the pit mouth was developed within 500 m. In the mines of Type II, Cu and Pb were showed average concentration too, but As and Cd were slightly high in pit mouth and mine-waste field. The mines of Type III which had grinding particle process through physical separation milling or hitting showed similar tendency with Type II. However, mines of Type IV pit mouth, mine-waste field and showed various results depending on defining the contamination sources. For example, if contamination source was pit mouth, the mixed results of Type I, II, II were showed. In tailing sorting field which was regarded as the most important source and having high mobility, however, if there were no facilities or it was difficult to access directly, field sampling was missed occasionally during phase I and phase II survey. For that reason, the assessment for tailing sorting field is missed and it leads to completely different results. In the areas of Type I mines, the concentration of heavy metals exceeded precautionary standards of soil contamination or not within 1,000 meters of pit mouth. Nickel(Ni) was the largest factor of the heavy metal contamination in this type. The heavy metals except Arsenic(As) were shown high levels of concentration in Type II areas, where pit mouth and mine-waste field were operated for making powder in upriver region; therefore, to the areas in the vicinity of midstream and downstream, the high content of heavy metals were shown. The tendency of high level of heavy metals and toxic materials contained in flotation agent used during sorting process were found in soil around sorting and tailing field. In the abandoned-pit-mouth area, drygrinding area and tailing sorting field area, the content of Cupper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn) were higher than other areas. Also, the contaminated area were larger than mine reclamation area(2,000 m) and the location of tailing sorting field was one of the important factors to estimate contaminated area.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.536-539
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• 2003

The Dongjung Au-Ag-Cu mine area was seriously contaminated with As and heavy metals-Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn etc. Those elements were highly accumulated in plants grown at farmland as well as farmland soil. Stream waters and groundwater which has been used as drinking water around the mine site contain high levels of heavy metals, especially As. As a result of human health risk assessment using EHS(Extraction of Heavy metals in Stomach and Small intestine) test for bioaccessible contents of heavy metals, there is a potential of cancer and adverse effects on human health for the residents of the mine area.

• 셀메드
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.4
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• 2016

Consumption of herbal products from the medicinal plants contaminated with heavy metals can cause serious consequences on human health. This is a major concern for traditional and herbal medicine. The present study was carried out to analyze and quantify the levels of six potentially toxic heavy metals namely arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium and nickel in ten important Indian medicinal herbs. The air dried raw herbs were processed by microwave assisted wet digestion and analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with graphite tube atomizer. Except the chromium content in three plants, all the levels of six heavy metals analyzed were found to be quite below the permissible limits in all the ten raw medicinal herbs analyzed. The present work implies that, regular and systematic screening of raw medicinal herbs is necessary to check the levels of the heavy metal contaminants before using them for consumption or preparation of herbal formulations so that the possible contamination cannot cumulate up to the finished products.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1998

Motor vehicle exhaust is the major cause to the air contamination in Seoul. It includes many toxic chemicals to human health such as aidehyde, PAHs, benzene, xylene, toluene, benzo[a]pyrene, nickel, arsenic and cadmium in gasoline exhaust and formaldehyde, PAHs, 1,3-butadiene, benzene and particulate matter in diesel exhaust. Some chemicals out of them are classified as a human carcinogen. Many large diesel vehicles such as buses and trucks are drivened frequently in Seoul so that the air in Seoul is seriously contaminated by diesel exhaust, especially particulate matter. The amounts of particulate matter from large diesel vehicles may be estimated to be more than 50% of small dust in Seoul. The particles of particulate matter are coated with many toxic chemicals and some of these are considered as a human carcinogen. The cancer risk has to be throughly managed because the population density of Seoul is very high. Government should list hazardous air pollutants in Seoul, assess the exposure of people to toxic pollutants, especially carcinogens and manage human health risk.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2024

Heavy metals emitted from urban development do not decompose in the soil and remain for long periods, continually impacting the environment. Since the mid-1990s, there has been increasing societal concern in South Korea regarding soil contamination, prompting various legislative revisions to reduce pollution. This study utilizes the Environmental Impact Assessment Support System (EIASS) to investigate projects in the metropolitan area that have exceeded the Ministry of Environment's soil contamination concern levels from 1989 to 2022 and to examine improvements in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. The results reveal that the average concentrations of nine contaminants-cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and fluoride (F)-have all increased over the years. Among these, Zn had the highest relative proportion, with 37.5% of the 40 sites exceeding environmental concern levels. Investigation of 19 specific projects at these exceedance sites showed that only 7 had documented analyses of contamination causes and remediation plans, and just one had contracted additional remediation services, though results from these efforts were found to be lacking. Furthermore, since 2019, a significant proportion of these sites were involved in residential developments, likely due to government initiatives in new city development and extensive housing supply plans. This research emphasizes the importance of public disclosure of the processes and outcomes of remediation efforts on historically contaminated soils prior to project development. It discusses improvements to the EIA by reviewing current legislation and international examples. The findings of this study are expected to heighten public awareness about heavy metal contamination and enhance transparency in soil remediation efforts, contributing to sustainable environmental management and development.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify transition characteristics of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) and to calculate bio-concentration factors (BCF) in the three perennial root medicinal plants, namely Codonopsis lanceolata (Deoduck), Platycodon grandiflorum (Balloon flower) and Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) grown in major medicinal plant producing districts in Korea. Average BCF values ranged from 0.009~0.029 in As, 0.334~1.453 in Cd, and 0.021~0.023 in Pb in three perennial root medicinal plants. The BCF values increased in the order of ginseng (0.029) > deodeok (0.012) > balloon flower (0.009) for As, balloon flower (1.453) > deodeok (0.685) > ginseng (0.334) for Cd, and ginseng (0.023) > deodeok (0.022) > balloon flower (0.021) for Pb. The BCF values calculated in this study will be useful for predicting the uptake of heavy metal (loid)s. Further study on uptake and accumulation mechanism of toxic metal (loid)s by agricultural products is required to assess the human health risk associated with soil contamination.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1463-1474
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• 2008

In order to investigate stabilization effect and sustainability on As-contaminated farmland soils which were affected the abandoned mine site and stabilized by zerovalent iron(ZVI) and industrial by-products, batch-scale and pilot-scale tests were carried out. In batch tests, ZVI and industrial by-products(blast furnace slag, steel refining slag and oyster shell powder) were used in treatment materials to reduce the As leaching. Industrial by-products were mixed with As-contaminated soils, in the ratio of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% on the weight base of dried soil. The results of batch-scale tests was shown that the reduction of As concentration was observed in all samples and it was expected that ZVI and steel refining slag were more effective than other treatment materials to stabilize As compounds. In pilot-scale tests, columns were filled with untreated soils and treated soils mixed with ZVI and steel refining slag in the same mixing ratio of 3%. Distilled water was discharged into the columns with the velocity of 0.3 pore volume/day. During the test, pH, EC, Eh and As concentration were measured in the regular term(1pore volume). after six months, pilot-scale tests were retested to investigate sustainability of treatment materials. As a result, It was shown that the leachate from control column was continuously released during the test period and its concentration was greater than $100ug{\cdot}L^{-1}$ which was exceeded the national regulation of water discharged to river or stream ($50ug{\cdot}L^{-1}$). On the other hand, soil treated with ZVI and steel refining slag showed that the concentrations of leachate were lower than national regulation of water discharged to river or stream. Therefore it was expected that ZVI and steel refining slag could be applied to the farmland site as the alternative treatment materials.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.148-154
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• 1998

구봉광산은 과거 남한의 최대 금광중의 하나였다. 광산 주변 지역에서는 천부 지하수를 생활용과 농업용 수원으로 사용하여 왔다. 이 지역에서 Cd, Cu, Pb 및 Zn에 의한 토양오염이 보고되었으며, 이로부터 이 지역의 천부지하수의 수질과 광미로 인한 영향을 규명하고자 본 연구가 시작되었다. 인근의 하천수, 지하수 및 광미지역의 침출수 시료를 채취하여 Na, K Ca, Mg 등의 주양이온과 F, Cl, NO$_3$, SO$_4$, HCO$_3$, 등의 음이온 및 Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Se, As, Hg 등의 미량 오염원소등을 분석하였다. 분석결과로부터 4가지 유형의 수질특성을 구분하였으며, 이 지역의 지하수는 알칼리니티와 염도에 의한 농업용수로서의 위해성은 없는 것으로 판명되었다. 지하수 중의 주요염물질은 비소였으며, 유비철석(arsenopyrite)의 산화로부터 기인되는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 기매립된 광미와 퇴적물을 파내는 것은 비소성분의 지하수로의 이동을 유발할 수 있다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 대구·경북지역 36개 폐광산 인근지역에서 생산되는 25개 농산물 1,059건에 대하여 카드뮴, 납, 비소 오염도 조사와 더불어 위험평가를 실시하였다. 정량한계는 카드뮴 0.59 ㎍/kg, 납 0.42 ㎍/kg, 총비소 0.55 ㎍/kg, 무기비소 화학종에서는 arsenite [(As(III)) 1.74 ㎍/kg], arsenate[(As(V)) 2.25 ㎍/kg]이었으며, 직선성은 모두 0.9995 이상으로 나타났고, 무기비소의 함량은 arsenite (As(III))와 arsenate(As(V))의 합으로 하였다. 평균 회수율은 카드뮴 96.3-97.7%, 납 95.8-98.2%, 총비소 96.1-98.0%, arsenite 94.8%, arsenate 115.4% 이었고, C.V.% (Coefficient of Varidation)는 모두 5% 미만으로 나타났다. 농산물의 중금속 평균 함량은 도라지 0.244±0.164 mg/kg, 대파 0.145±0.133 mg/kg, 참깨 0.124±0.136 mg/kg, 고사리 0.109±0.070 mg/kg, 취나물 0.103±0.093 mg/kg, 마늘 0.071±0.063 mg/kg의 순으로 카드뮴의 오염도가 높았고, 납은 참깨 0.040±0.085 mg/kg, 도라지 0.039±0.056 mg/kg, 고구마 0.034±0.058 mg/kg, 들깻잎 0.034±0.016 mg/kg, 호박 0.032±0.065 mg/kg, 매실 0.028±0.012 mg/kg의 순으로 높은 오염도를 보였다. 무기비소는 쌀에 한하여 조사되었는데 평균 0.082±0.035 mg/kg의 오염도를 보였다. 카드뮴의 경우 쌀 1.19×10^-1 ㎍/kg b.w./day(14.37% of PTMI), 대파 2.77×10^-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day(3.34% of PTMI), 감자 2.08×10^-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day(2.51% of PTMI), 사과 1.39×10^-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day(1.67% of PTMI), 양파 1.13×10^-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day(1.37% of PTMI)의 순이었고, 납의 경우 사과 1.29×10^-2 ㎍/kg b.w./day (2.05% of PTWI), 고구마 7.49×10^-3 ㎍/kg b.w./day (1.19% of PTWI), 쌀 7.15×10^-3 ㎍/kg b.w./day (1.14% of PTWI), 호박 5.01×10^-3 ㎍/kg b.w./day (0.79% of PTWI), 양파 4.80×10^-3 ㎍/kg b.w./day (0.76% of PTWI)의 순으로 납 노출량이 높았다. 본 연구의 조사대상 25개 품목 농산물을 모두 일시에 섭취한다고 가정하였을 경우, 카드뮴은 PTMI 대비 28.21%, 납은 PTWI 대비 7.94%, 무기비소는 쌀 단일품목에 한해 PTWI 대비 15.16%의 위해도를 보임으로써, 본 연구에서 진행하였던 중금속에 대한 인체 위해정도는 우려할 수준이 아닌 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.248-256
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• 2021

건조 수산가공식품의 안전성 확보를 위해 2020년 경기도 내 유통 중인 건조 수산가공식품 12품목 120건을 수거하여 방사능(¹³¹I, ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs) 및 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 비소, 수은) 함량을 분석하였다. 모든 시료에서 자연 방사성 핵종 중 하나인 ⁴⁰K만 검출되었으며, 인공 방사성 물질인 ¹³¹I, ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs는 최소검출가능농도(MDA) 이하의 값을 나타내었다. 중금속의 평균 함량[평균±표준편차(최소값-최대값)]은 생물로 환산하였을 때 납 0.066±0.065(N.D.-0.332) mg/kg, 카드뮴 0.200±0.406(N.D.-2.941) mg/kg, 비소 3.630±3.170(0.371-15.007) mg/kg, 수은 0.009±0.011(0.0005-0.0621) mg/kg 이었으며, 수산물에서 중금속 기준이 있는 제품의 경우 모두 기준 규격 이내로 나타났다. 국내산 제품과 수입산 제품의 중금속 함량은, 조개의 카드뮴과 새우의 수은 함량에서만 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 유통 중인 건조 수산가공식품에서 방사능 및 중금속은 안전한 수준인 것으로 판단되나, 식품 중 특히 수산물에서 방사능 오염에 대한 국민의 우려가 크기 때문에 국민들의 불안감 해소를 위해 방사능 검사는 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또 향후 건조 수산가공식품 중에서도 건조된 형태로 직접 섭취 가능한 제품의 중금속 관리 기준 설정을 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.