• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

Wastewaters being treated and final effluents were collected from 3 wastewater treatment plants of petrochemical industries, from August 31 to October 4, 1993 in an interval of 10 days, and further analysed by GC/FID to investigate discharge situation and removal efficiency on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The results were as follows: 1. The PAHs 294.57 $\mu$g/l were discharged in primary treatment effluent of plant A to manufacture vinyl acetate resin and acryl, and removed 54.51% by aeration and totally 84.71%. 2. The PAHs of the highest concentration were discharged in primary treatment effluent of plant B to manufacture PS resin and ABS resin, but removed 91.65% by activated sludge process and 98.19% by activated carbon to discharge PAHs of the lowest concentration comparing to another treatment operations. 3. The PAHs 99.96 $\mu$g/l of the lowest concentration were discharged in wastewater of plant C to manufacture epoxy resin, and removed 80.48% by activated sludge process. 4. B treatment system including activated carbon showed up the best removal efficiency of PAHs. Activated carbon therefore, seems to be effective as tertiary treatment. 5. Correlation coefficient of components to total PAHs was generally low, and correlation coefficients of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene to total PAHs were each 0.98, 0.97 and 0.80, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the sum of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene to total PAHs was 0.99, so that the sum of phenanthrene, pyrene and acenaphthylene was available as index to estimated total PAHs. 6. Phenanthrene and Chrysene were very well treated biologically and acenaphthylene and fluoranthene were untreated biologically. 7. Considering EPA standards, it seems that the concentration of phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene is high level.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.203-255
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• 2011

This study covers the historical aspects of the turmeric and curcuma only in detail on the medicinal uses, supported by references to the medical texts. And the result is as follows: 1. Turmeric and curcuma are rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plants of the ginger family, but both produced on the same herb. The rhizome is considered turmeric while the tuber is considered curcuma. 2. Turmeric is the round, oval, or ovate, and scutiform rhizome. 3. Curcuma is yellowish externally, internally more or less orange-yellow passing into reddish-brown. The tuber has a round and cuspidate appearance. The smell is aromatic, somewhat analogous to ginger. 4. Turmeric is somewhat analogous to curcuma in shape, but turmeric is pungent and bitter in taste, warm and intoxious in property, and yellow in color, acting on the spleen and liver channels and governing the gi of the blood while curcuma is pungent and bitter in taste, cold and intoxious in property, red in color, acting on the heart and pericardium channels and governing the blood. 5. Turmeric is referred to zedoary, sliced turmeric, old jaundice, precious aromatic, and ovate rhizoma, and curcuma is referred to radix curcuma, curcuma aromatica, and cicada-belly curcuma

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.71-71
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• 1993

Carboxylesterase is widely distributed in the tissues of vertebrates, insects, plants and mycobacteria. Among various tissues of animals and humans, the highest esterase activity with various substrates is found in the liver. Kidney has moderate carboxylesterase activity in the proximal tubules. Considerable esterase activity is also found in the small intestine epithet elial cells and serum of mammals. Besides these tissues, carboxylesterase has been found in the lung, testis, adipose tissue, nasal mucosa and even in the central nervous system. Hepatic microsomal carboxylesterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds such as carboxylester, thioester and aromatic amide. Since carboxylesterases are important for metabolic activation of prodrugs and detoxification of xenobiotics, differences in substrate specificity and immunological properties of this enzyme are important in connection with choosing a suitable laboratory animal for the evaluation of biotransformation and toxicity of drugs. On the other hand, liver, kidney, intestine and serum were found to contain multiple forms of carboxylesterases in animal species and humans. In fact, we have purified more than fifteen isoforms of carboxylesterases from microsomes of liver, kidney and intestinal mucosa of nine animal species and humans. and characteristics of these isoforms were compared each other in terms of their physical and immunochemical properties. On the other hand, we have reported that hepatic microsomal carboxylesterases are induced by many exogenous compounds such as phenobarbital, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Aroclor 1254, aminopyrine and clofibrate. Later, we showed that some isoforms of hepatic carboxylesterase were induced by glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone and 16 ${\alpha}$-carbonitrile, but other isoforms were rather inhibited by these compounds. These findings indicate that involvement of carboxylesterases in the metabolism and toxicity of drugs should be explained by the isoforms involved. Since 1991, we have carried out detailed research investigating the types of carboxylesterases involved in the metabolic activation of CPT-11, a derivative of camptothecin, to the active metabolite, SN-38. The results obtained strongly suggest that some isoforms of carboxylesterase of liver microsomes and intestinal mucosal membrane are exclusively involved in CPT-11 metabolism. In this symposium, the properties of carboxylesterase isoforms purified from liver, kidney and intestine of animal species and humans are outlined. In addition, metabolism of CPT-11, a novel antitumor agent, by carboxylesterases in relation to the effectiveness will also be discussed.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

화학적으로 안정한 다환 방향족 염료을 페수처리시설이나 천연적인 분해에 통해서 제거시키는 것이 비효율적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 다환 방향족 염료를 제거를 위하여 우리는 여러 버섯균류의 조사하였다. 한국의 야산에서 채집된 230종의 버섯으로부터 조직분리를 통하여 100개 버섯 균을 분리하였다. 염료(Bromophenol Blue, Congo Red, 혹은 Methylene Blue)를 함유한 배지에 분리된 버섯 균을 10%로 접종한 후 7일 동안 정치배양 혹은 진탕배양하여 염료제거능이 우수한 6 종의 버섯 균을 선발하였다. 이렇게 선발된 버섯 균을 대상으로 다핵방향족 염료를 제거하는 능력을 조사하였다. 모든 버섯 균이 진탕배양 시보다 정치배양 시 더 우수한 염료제거 능을 보였다. 염료에 따른 염료제거능은 대부분의 경우에서 Methylene Blue, Bromophenol Blue, Congo Red 순으로 증가하였다. 위 세 염료 중에서 Congo Red가 가장 많이 흡착되었다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2022

염도와 관개용수는 작물에 있어서 물의 증발과 토양에 축적됨으로서 다양한 영향을 준다. 이러한 환경에 작물들은 영향을 받기에 본 연구에서는 천일염이 스위트 바질의 생장과 수분도, 토양의 수분도 및 염 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구 방법으로 스위트 바질에 천일염을 0, 5, 50, 100, 및 200 mM 농도별로 처리하여 천일염의 농도가 스위트 바질의 성장과 염 스트레스 시간을 알아보았다. 본 연구 결과로 잎의 면적의 경우, 5 mM 처리에서 11%, 50 mM 처리에서 49%, 및 100 mM 처리에서 44% 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 잎의 길이는 5 mM 처리에서 16%, 50 mM 처리에서 59%, 및 100 mM 처리에서 82% 성장한 것으로 확인하였다. 향후 연구로 천일염이 스위트 바질의 잎과 길이 성장에 농도별 영향을 미치는 내용을 기초로 식용, 약용, 그리고 방향성 식물의 천일염 영향에 대해 더 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다. 염은 작물에 있어서 스트레스에 관한 연구만 있었지만, 본 연구에서 사용한 천일염을 활용하여 다양한 식용, 약용, 방향성 식물을 찾아 환경에 더 유익한 성분을 연구하는데 기초자료로 제공하는데 이바지 하고자 한다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

본 연구는 영산강유역 농공폐수처리장 방류수중의 유기오염물질 분포를 관찰하였다. 시료채취 지점은 영산강 유역에 존재하는 4지점의 농공단지 폐수처리장을 선정하였다. 본 연구에서 GC-Ion trap MS로 300종의 일반적인 화학물질을 ppt수준에서 검출할 수 있는 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 농공폐수처리방류수에서 검출된 주요 유기오염물질은 농약류, CH구조의 방향족, CHO구조의 프탈레이트류, 그리고 CHO(N) 구조의 아로메틱 아민류였다. 또한 diethylphthalate를 포함한 17종의 내분비계장애물질이 검출되었다. XTT assay를 이용한 세포독성 결과는 TV로 나타냈으며, 그들의 세포독성은 A지점에서 27.2, D지점에서 24.4로 가장 높게 나타났다. 한편 화학적 분석 결과와 생물학적 독성도와는 일치하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4671-4675
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• 2015

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is widely consumed in tropical and subtropical regions for their valuable nutritional and medicinal characteristics. Recently, extensive research has been conducted on leaf extracts of M. oleifera to evaluate their potential cytotoxic effects. However, with the exception of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, little information is present on the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil obtained from M. oleifera seeds. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to investigate the potential cytotoxic activity of seed essential oil obtained from M. oleifera on HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, CACO-2 and L929 cell lines. The different cell lines were subjected to increasing oil concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 1 mg/mL for 24h, and the cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay. All treated cell lines showed a significant reduction in cell viability in response to the increasing oil concentration. Moreover, the reduction depended on the cell line as well as the oil concentration applied. Additionally, HeLa cells were the most affected cells followed by HepG2, MCF-7, L929 and CACO-2, where the percentages of cell toxicity recorded were 76.1, 65.1, 59.5, 57.0 and 49.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the $IC_{50}$ values obtained for MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2 cells were 226.1, 422.8 and $751.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Conclusively, the present investigation provides preliminary results which suggest that seed essential oil from M. oleifera has potent cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.371-383
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• 2021

Plant essential oils are used in products such as fragrances and cosmetics due to their individual aromatic characteristics. Currently, essential oils are not only used in cosmetics but also in pharmaceutical products with anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, insecticidal, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, psychophysiological, or anti-aging effects. Despite their pharmaceutical properties, some studies reported cytotoxic effects in high doses. Therefore, for pharmaceutical purposes, the margin of safety of essential oils needs to be examined. Herein, we evaluated the IC₅₀ of 10 essential oil from Korean native plants: Juniperus chinensis L. var. sargentii Henry, Citrus natsudaidai Hayata, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Citrus unshiu (Yu. Tanaka ex Swingle) Marcow, Artemisia capillaris Thunb, Aster glehnii F. Schmidt, Juniperus chinensis L, Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc, Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) D, and Cinnamomum loureirii. In addition, gene regulation of the cell-cycle gene and apoptosis marker CASP3 was examined at the IC₅₀ level. The purpose of this study was to describe the toxic concentrations of essential oils extracted from Korean native plants, thereby providing toxic concentration guidelines for inclusion in a toxicity database and in the application of plant essential oils in various fields.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2022

In recent years, research into medicinal herbs with antioxidative activities has increased. Chrysanthemum morifolium and Chrysanthemum indicum are aromatic herb plants and that have long been used in traditional Vietnamese medicine. This study aims to evaluate the chemical compositions and antioxidative activities of essential oils hydrodistilled from the flower heads of C. morifolium and C. indicum. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were compared using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antioxidative activity was determined and evaluated spectroscopically by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, metal chelating activity, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays. According to the GC/MS results, chrysanthenone was predominant in the essential oils of both C. morifolium (64.14%) and C. indicum (32.02%). This is the first report of the identification of chrysanthenone as a major constituent of the essential oil of C. morifolium. Both Chrysanthemum oils were also revealed to possess antioxidant potential, exhibiting high antioxidative activities. In particular, the DPPH radical scavenging activities of the C. morifolium and C. indicum oils at a concentration of 100 mg/mL were 76.9 and 83.2%, respectively. The metal chelating values of C. morifolium and C. indicum were 0.85 and 0.76, whereas the reducing power values of that at 100 mg/mL were 0.76 and 0.71, respectively. This study provides the chemical properties of the essential oils of both C. morifolium and C. indicum grown in Vietnam and their potential antioxidant capacity.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.320-320
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• 2022

Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.) belongs to the family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. It is cultivated as a spice and medicinal herb around the world, including its leaves and seeds. Coriander leaves have soft and fragrant, so they can be used in cuisines such as China, Mexico, and, Southeast Asia. Coriander leaves contain a high amount of vitamin C, carotene, and multiple polyphenols. Coriander essential oils and extracts have various chemical components and are known to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. This study was carried out for resource discovery, propagation, and DB construction of aromatic plants. In order to evaluate the genetic characteristics, 30 kinds of Coriander seeds were supplied from the Center for Genetic Resources. The evaluation of characteristics of the basal part leaf number, leaf shape, and plant height was investigated. Also, Essential oils extract from various parts of plants including the leaves, flowers, and steam isolated by simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE) apparatus. In the results, heights showed growing to 70 cm over and basal part leaf number 0 to7. The leaves are variable, they are measured according to leaves incisions, and most of the included incision. The qualitative analysis of EOs was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. EOs had various chemical compositions. Major compounds were trans-2-Decenal, linalool, decanal, 2-Dodecenal, 13-Tetradecanal, 2-Undecenal.