• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1988

Oriental tobacco (KA 101) was transplanted from Mar. 25 to May 5 with 10 days interval in 1984 and 1985, and its agronomic characteristics, chemical properties ware compared to determine the Proper transplanting time of aromatic tobacco In Korea. As the transplanting was delayed, days to flowering of plant was shortened, length and width of largest leaf, leaf area index tended to decrease. Yield was highest for the Apr. 5th transplanting followed by Mar. 25th planting, then decreased as the planting date was delayed. Quality by price decreased as the transplanting was delayed later than Apr. 25. Delaying transplanting increased nicotine, total nitrogen and ash content, but decreased reducing sugar and petroleum ether extract of cured leaves, The content of volatile organic acids such as 3-methyl pentanoic acid was lower when it was transplanted later than Apr. 25th. Neophytadiene content increased as the transplanting was delayed, but there were no trends with the content of alcohols, aldehydes esters and ketones. Several quality indices including the ratio between the content of volatile organic acids plus petroleum ether extract and ash content plus pH was higher for the Apr. 5th transplanting.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1989

The approximate rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of excess potassium 9-sec-amyl-9-boratabicylco[3.3.1]nonane (K 9-sec-Am-9-BBNH) with selected organic compounds containing representative functional goups under standardized conditions (tetrahydrofuran, $0^{\circ}C)$ were examined in order to explore the reducing characteristics of the reagent for selective reductions. The reagent readily reduces aldehydes, ketones, acid chlorides and epoxides to the corresponding alcohols. However, carboxylic acid, aliphatic nitriles, t-amides, and some sulfur compounds show very little reactivity or no reactivity to this reagent. The most interesting feature of the reagent is that aromatic nitriles are reduced moderately to the corresponding aldehyde stage, wheras aliphatic nitriles are inert. In addition, the reagent shows a high stereoselectivity toward cyclic ketones at $0^{\circ}C$ and - $25^{\circ}C.$ The selectivity exhibited at $0^{\circ}C$ is comparable to that by lithium trisiamylborohydride at that temperature.

• Journal of odor and indoor environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2018

In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from printing industries were analyzed, and an inorganic adsorbent, ${\gamma}-alumina$, was selected for the effective control of the VOC emissions. Printing processes commonly require inks, thinners, and cleaners, and they were mixed organic solvents containing aromatic compounds, ketones, and alcohols. Therefore, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were selected as model compounds for this study. The adsorptive properties using ${\gamma}-alumina$ were determined for the model compounds. Both batch isotherm and continuous flow column tests demonstrated that the adsorption capacity of MEK and IPA was 3~4 times higher than that of toluene. The column test performed at an inlet toluene concentration of 100 ppm showed that an 80% breakthrough for toluene was observed after 3 hours, but both MEK and IPA were continuously adsorbed during the same time period. A numerical model simulated that the ${\gamma}-alumina$ could remove toluene at a loading rate of 0.4 mg/min only for a 4-hour period, which might be too short of a duration for real applications. Consequently, lifetime enhancement for ${\gamma}-alumina$ must be implemented, and ozone oxidation and regeneration would be feasible options.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.371-380
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• 2023

This study aimed to present data for the industrialization of Omija added onion fermented beverage (OOFB) development by analyzing the volatile flavor components. A total of 55 compounds, including 4 terpene derivatives, 9 esters, 5 aromatic compounds, 6 alcohols, 7 ketones, 3 aldehydes, 11 acids, 1 sulfur-containing compound, 8 furans and 1 other, were identified in OOFB. The content of fragrance components was high with 37.8% of acids and 29.0% of furans. 2,5-dimethyl thiophene, a sulfur compound, is a compound produced during the acetic acid fermentation of onion, and is thought to affect the onion flavor of OOFB.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.148-156
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary integration with extruded linseed (EL) on fatty acid (FA) and aromatic profile of goat cheese after 60 (T₆₀) days of ripening. Methods: Thirty goats were divided in two groups. The control group (CG) was fed with conventional diet, whereas the experimental group (EL+) was fed with conventional diet supplemented with 10% of EL. Milk samples were collected on 30 and 60 days of trial to determinate chemical-nutritional composition and FA profile. At the end of experiment, six cheese-making sessions (3 for each group) were carried out using a pooled milk sample obtained from the 15 goats of each group. At 60 days of ripening, cheeses were analyzed for chemical-nutritional composition, FA and aromatic profile. Results: An increase in the milk production, protein, fat and lactose were evidenced in the EL+ goats. Conversely, a reduction of somatic cells was observed in the EL+ compared with the CG. However, no variation was observed for urea and casein levels content in milk samples, and no changes in protein and lipid content were found for cheeses in the two experimental groups. Dietary supplementation with EL modified the FA profile of milk. There was a decrease in saturated FAs and an increase in polyunsaturated FAs. Chemical composition of T₆₀ cheese did not differ between the two groups but a different FA profile was observed. In T₆₀ cheese obtained from EL+ milk, an increase in short-chain FA and a decrease in medium and long-chain FA were observed. The EL diet led to cheeses with butanoic acid 2 times higher compared to CG cheeses. Moreover, a greater presence of aldehyde compounds and alcohols were observed in the cheeses of experimental group. Conclusion: The present study pointed out that EL supplementation may improve the chemical and physical qualities of goat milk and cheeses.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 1996

The experiment was carried out to find aromatic constituent composition of Codonopsis lanceolata species grown in the native(Mt. lrwol, Youngyang, Kyungpuk Province) and the cultivated(Andong, Kyungpuk Province) areas from 1994 to 1995. The results were as follows : Air temperature and soil temperature at the native area were lower to $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$, and to $2^{\circ}C$ than the cultivated area. Organic matter contents of plant grown at the native area higher than that of plants at the cultivated area by 4.8%. Crude protein content was higher in plant grown at native area than the plant grown in wild area but in case of crude saponin, plants grown at wild area was higher than that of native area. For inorganic element contents. K content is much higher than in the domesticated area as compared with wild area above ten over. And other elements such as Cu, Mn, Na and Mg were not remarkably different in contents. In the free amino acid compositions, argine was highest compared with other free amino acids, and Arginine content was higher in dometicated area. Recovery yield of essential oil of wild species grown at the cultivated showed 0.005%, but domesticated species was 0.004%. But both species at the native area were the same by 0.004%. Although composition of aromatic constituents in the two areas and species varied, total aromatic constituent was 21 kinds. Most aromatic constituents were aliphatic alcohols such as 1-hexanol, eis-3-hexanol, and trans-2-hexanol occupied by approximately 90% over. But three constituets as amylalcohol, furfuryl acetate, and 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol(MVP) were detected only in domesticated species.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.176-187
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• 1988

Volatile flavor components in the Chinese quince fruits were trapped by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction method, and these were fractionated into the neutral, the basic, the phenolic and the acidic fraction. In the identification of carboxylic acids, the acidic fraction was methylated with diazomethane. Volatile flavor components in these fractions were analyzed by the high-resolution GC and GC-MS equipped with a fused silica capillary column. The total of one hundred and forty-five compounds from the steam volatile concentrate of the Chinese quince fruits were identified: they were 3 aliphatic hydrocarbons, 1 cyclic hydrocarbon, 4 aromatic hydrocarbons, 9 terpene hydrocarbons, 17 alcohols, 3 terpene alcohols, 6 phenols, 21 aldehydes, 7 ketones, 28 esters, 27 acids, 3 furans, 2 thiazoles, 2 acetals, 3 lactones and 9 miscellaneous ones. The greater part of the components except for carboxylic acids were identified from the neutral fraction. The neutral fraction gave a much higher yield than others and was assumed to be indispensable for the reproduction of the aroma of the Chinese quince fruits in a sensory evaluation. According to the results of the GC-sniff evaluation, 1-hexanal, cis-3-hexenal, trans-2-hexenal, 2-methyl-2-hepten-6-one, 1-hexanol, cis-3-hexenol, trans, trans-2, 4-hexadienal and trans-2-hexenol were considered to be the key compounds of grassy odor. On the other hand, esters seemed to be the main constituents of a fruity aroma in the Chinese quince fruits.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2006

Toluene of aromatic compounds, MEK of ketones and IPA of alcohols were extremely used as VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) on the getting into step with industrial process. The adsorption characteristics of three component solvent vapors (Toluene-MEK-IPA) on the activated carbonaceous adsorbents such as AC, ACF and AC+ACF were investigated in a stainless steel fixed bed adsorption experimental apparatus in order to identify those carbons for eliminating and recovering solvent vapors from industrial emission sources. The used activated carbonaceous adsorbents were pelletized commercial activated carbon and activated carbon fiber. The breakthrough curves and adsorption capacity have been obtained at atmospheric pressure in a adsorption fixed bed. It has been found that non-polar and larger molecules have been adsorbed better than polar and smaller molecules. Especially, alcohols and ketones were poorly adsorbed due to competitive adsorbability in ternary mixture system. However, it could be overcome by employment of activated carbonaceous adsorbent which have different porosity distribution appropriately.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1981

Several kinds of organic acids, alcohols, aromatic compounds and sugars as carbon sources were tested in order to produce the cell mass of Rhizopus oryzae which is used in part of food processing or organic acid fermentation. Sodium acetate among them was good enough for carbon source as well as glucose under the concentration of one percent. All nitrogenous substances tested such as ammonium, nitrate or organic nitrogen compounds were well used by this strain of Rhizopus oryzae as nitrogen source. Ammonium sulfate among inorganic nitrogen compounds was most utilized as a nitrogen source in glucose or acetate medium. This strain did not require any growth factors such as yeast extract. The following composition of medium was therefore determined in order to produce the cell mass of Rhizopus oryzae: Na-acetate 1 %, (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$ 0.2%, $K_2$HPO$_4$ 0.05%, MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$ 0.01%, NaCl 0.01% (PH 5.5). The cell wall of mycelium grown in above medium was lysed optimally at pH 6.5 and 5$0^{\circ}C$ by the action of Strepzyme 115-5. On producing protoplast from mycelium by enzymatic action, almost all of the mycelium was damaged after 4hrs of treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.617-626
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• 1996

Nitrogenous compounds in hydrolysate of skipjack processing by-product(SPB) was increased 6.4 times in amount comparing that of raw SPB. The major compounds in hydrolysate were anserine, histidine, leucine, hydroxyproline, arginine, phenylalanine and taurine, and composed 56.25% of total nitrogenous compounds. In fatty acid composition, the highest amount was saturated fatty acids in both samples. Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as $C_{20:5}$ and $C_{22:6}$ were increased after hydrolysis. A total of 99 volatile compounds was detected in raw and hydrolysate of SPB by vacuum simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction/gas chromatography/mass chromatorgraphy. Of these, 75 compounds were identified in raw SPB, while 72 compounds were identified in hydorlysate of SPB. There compounds were composed mainly of 28 aldehydes, 20 ketones, 19 alcohols, 5 nitrogen containing compounds, 5 aromatic hydrocarbons, 4 furans and 12 miscellaneous compounds. Levels of aldehydes and aromatic hydrocarbons decreased after hydrolysis, whereas heterocyclic compounds such as pyrazies, furans increased.