• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.118-123
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• 2021

Recently, digital crime is becoming more intelligent, and efficient digital forensic techniques are required to collect evidence for this. In the case of important files related to crime, a specific person may intentionally delete the file. In such a situation, data recovery is a very important procedure that can prove criminal charges. Although there are various methods to recover deleted files, we focuses on the recovery technique using HxD editor. When recovering a deleted file using the HxD editor, check the file structure and access the file data area through calculation. However, there is a possibility that errors such as arithmetic errors may occur when a file approach through calculation is used. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an algorithm that automatically calculates the header and footer of a file after checking the file signature in the root directory for efficient file recovery. If the algorithm proposed in this paper is used, it is expected that the error rate of arithmetic errors in the file recovery process can be reduced.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-32
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• 2005

This paper is a comprehensive study of mathematics education in the Chosun Dynasty. The basis of this work relies on actual historical records from the period. As shown in the records, mathematics education during the Chosun Dynasty remained at the level of basic arithmetics. The arithmeticians of the Chosun Dynasty did not have an understanding of more complex mathematical thought. But the simple arithmetics of the Chosun Dynasty facilitated the building up of a unique merchant 'middle class.' So this paper examines the development of mathematics in the Chosun Dynasty through middle class. Although the Chosun Dynasty arithmetics occupy a significant part of mathematics history, this paper details why their thought did not evaluate more advanced mathematical theories.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.191-203
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• 2021

Social marketing seeks to develop and integrate marketing concepts with other approaches to social change and aims to influence behaviors that benefit individuals and societies for the social good. The study investigates the type and level of influence of social marketing on customer behavior in tourism companies in Baghdad (Iraq). The sample size of the study is 135 people comprising directors, assistant directors, and marketing staff in tourism companies in Baghdad. A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data and information, and was prepared by the researcher after it underwent validity, stability, and arbitration tests. The data was analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS v. 25, AMOS v.23) and statistical methods have been used to process the data represented by the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient (Person), simple and multiple regression equations. The research showed significant results represented by a positive and strong relationship between the research variables. This result indicates that there is an effect on the customer's behavior. Moreover, the results of the study showed positive effects that extend from social marketing to customer behavior in the long term.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.674-682
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of applying oriental music therapy and reliability of electroencephalogram(EEG) equipment. The study was approved by the critical trial judge committee from ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$(IRB No. 2013-07) university. In order to measure test-retest reliability for 15 subjects, EEG for same participants were measured using same method mentioned above after 2 hours from the first measurement. Same provider implemented to each person at same time. Firstly, EEG was measured for 5 minutes after the subject with attached electrodes sat on chair comfortably for 10 minutes. Then, the subject was given mental stress using the four fundamental arithmetic operations for 5 minutes, and measured EEG for another 5 minutes. After that the subject sat on the chair comfortably listening oriental medicine music therapy for 5 minutes, and EEG was measured for 5 minutes again. There was no side effect regarding music therapy reported. Raw data, which was measured in each step, were converted through FFT(fast fourier transform) and analyzed after divided into certain frequency including ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\beta}$ wave, ${\theta}$ wave, immersion wave, stabilization wave, sef100 wave, and sef95 wave. Data were analyzed using wilcoxon signed rank test, Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC), repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS program. In test-retes method, there were significantly differences in ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\beta}$ wave, immersion wave, stability wave, ${\theta}$ wave, sef100 wave, sef95 wave. ICC has shown a high degree of reliability that it was ${\alpha}$ wave .877, ${\beta}$ wave .855, ${\gamma}$ wave .895, immersion wave .897, stability wave .816, ${\theta}$ wave .904, sef100 wave .910, sef95 wave .776. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in ${\alpha}$ wave after applying oriental music therapy. Based on these results, it is considered that average of the channel EEG and application of oriental music therapy would be practiced by increase of sample size using this machine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.403-411
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• 2023

Objectives: Formalin is used as an anthelmintic in farms where flounder are raised. In this study, we aim to identify formaldehyde exposure levels for aquaculture industry workers and provide basic data for managing formaldehyde exposure. Methods: Exposure levels of formaldehyde in the air, including formalin spraying operations, were assessed separately for personal and area samples. In addition, considering the formalin administration method, dermal exposure to the hands was estimated when administering the chemical, and dermal exposure to the legs during water tank work was estimated by collecting water in the water tank and evaluating the amount of formaldehyde remaining. Finally, the respiratory exposure level and the estimated dermal exposure level were added to derive the total exposure level and compared with the maximum allowable human dose. Results: As a result of the airborne evaluation, the formaldehyde concentration of the worker (1 person) who performed the formalin spraying and flounder sorting was 33.61 ppb, and the arithmetic mean of formaldehyde concentrations of the workers (3 people) who only performed the flounder sorting was 3.28 ppb (range: 2.25-4.89 ppb). In the case of dermal exposure, when spraying formalin once, the amount was estimated to be 0.33-2.62 mg when wearing protective gear and 3.27-26.12 mg when not wearing it. Conclusions: There was a difference in the formaldehyde exposure level of workers depending on their operation of handling formalin and whether or not protective gear was worn. In particular, because the level of formaldehyde exposure due to dermal exposure can be significant, there is a need to improve formalin administration methods in a way that avoids skin contact as much as possible.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 1988

This survey was conducted to investigate about purchasing, use and management of cooking oil, and the intake amounts of each food and fats & oils from each food on 296 housewives in a big city, medium and small city, farming village, fishing village, and mountain village from June 5 to July 20 in 1987. The percentage and $x^2$-test were used in data analysis and the arithmetic mean of the gross intake divided by the total subjects gave the intake amounts per capita per day. The results of this study are as following; 1. Purchasing and keeping of cooking oil. The reading ratio of label in purchasing cooking oil was high among housewives of cities and highly educated housewives. There were dissatisfactions about quality (46.7%), price (33.7%), and packing (19.5%) after purchasing cooking oil. Cooking oil was being kept mainly in glasses (64.7%) or in synthetic plastics (31.5%), and also in dark & cool places. 2. Use and refining of cooking oil. More housewives (70.6%) kept cooking oil used once in a different container after filtering. The housewives re-using used oil after adding new oil to it were only 30.0%. There were a lot of housewives frying foods twice or three times in the same oil. 3. Intake of fats & oils and foods containing fats & oils. Average intake amounts of food containing fats & oils per person per day was 6.85g in fats & oils, 42.96g in meat & its products, 95.13g in fishes & shellfishes, 22.89g in eggs, 60.69g in legumes & its products, 61.00g in milk & milk products, 4.22g in seeds & nuts, and 9.36g in instant noodles. Average intake amounts of fats & oils per person per day taken from these foods was 6.4g from fats & oils, 2.3g from meat & its products, 4.3g from fishes & shellfishes, 2.7g from eggs, 3.0g from legumes & its products, 2.5g from milk & milk products, 1.8g from seeds & nuts, and 1.7g from instant noodles.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.54-70
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• 1993

According as the automation of clerical work(OA ; Office Automation) develops, the use of VDT(Visual or Video Display Terminal) is increasing suddenly. But, in proportion to the spread of office automation(OA tendency), the self-conciousness syptom attendant upon the work is appearing also (Kim, Jung Tae, Lee, Young Ook, 1990). The apparatuses of office enable the clerical workers to be convenient and perform mass businesses. But, they are increasing the opportunity to be exposed to VDT syndrom, techno stress, computer terminal disease, pain by muscle strain(RSI), bradycausia of noise nature, and electromagnetic waves, etc. which are referred to as the new type of occupational diseases to the workers. It is the real situation that the workers to use VDT is complaining of the physical inconvenience sense in the recent newspaper and literature, it is the point of time that the sydrome to come from VDT use and computer terminal disease, etc. must be classified into the occupational disease(Lee, Kwang Young 1990, Lee, Kyoo Hak 1990, Lee, Won Ho 1991, Lee, Si Young 1991, Lee, Joon 1991, Choi, Young Tae 1991, Heo, Seung Ho 1989). In addition, it is the real situation that the scientifitic study result about the scope that electromagnetic waves has influence on the human body has not been suggested yet, and criticism on the stable exposure permission standard about electromagnetic waves to be emitted from VDT and on the problem in the health about electromagnetic waves is continuing. (IEEE Spectrum, 1990). In addition according to the experience of nursery business of industry field, it is the real situation that the patients who consult complaining of physical and mental inconvenience sence, among the users of apparatus of office automation, are reaching 10% of the patients coming to doctor's room. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complain of multilaterally with the actual state examination about the use of the apparatuses of offices automaton. Thus, this study was tried as th basic data for the cosultation and education for the maintenance and furtherance of the health of workers as the nurse of industry field, by confirming the contents of self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of the apparatus for office outomation making the financial institution in which the spparatus for office automation in most frequently used as the subject, and by examining whether there is the difference according to the subject of study, the data were collected, by using the questionnaire method, making 200 workers who consented to the study participation as the subject, among the persons who have spent over 3 months since they used the apparatuses for office automation and didn't receive the treatment in hospital due to the clerical disease for recent 3 years. The period of data collection was from Oct. 9, 1991 to Oct. 12. As for the measurement instrument about the complaint if self-consciousness symptom attendant upon the use of apparatuses fo office automation, the question item on the complaint symptom of health problem attendant upon the treatment of VDT that Kim(1991) developed and on CMI health problem and the question items on the fatigue degree due to industry were used by previous examination to 25 persons. Collected data were analyzed with the statistical method such as percentage, arithmetic mean, Person correlation coeffient, Kai square verfication, t-test, ANOVA, etc. by using SPSS/PC+ program, and the result is as follows : 1. The self-consciousness symptom that the clerical workers complained of most frequetly appeared high in 'My eyes are tired'(99.4%), 'I feel fatigue and weariness'(99.4%), 'I feel that my head is heavy5(90.0%), 'eyesight fell'(88.8%), 'I have a stiff neck'(88.8%), 'I fell pain in the shoulder'(85.0%), 'I feel cold and painful in the eyes'(76.9%), 'I feel the dry sense of eyeball'(76.2%), 'My nerves are edgy, and I an fretful, (75.6%), 'I feel pain in the waist'(73.2%) and 'I fell pain in the back'(72.8%). It emerged that the subject use the apparatuses for office automation complained of self-consciousness symptoms related to visual symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms. 2. As for the general feature of examination subjects, the result to see the distribution by classifying into sex, age, school career, use career of apparatuses for office automation, skillfulness degree of the use of apparatus for office automation, use hours of the apparatuses for office automation per 1 day, type of business of the apparatus for office automation, rest hours during the use of apparatus for office automation, satifaction degree of business of office automation, and work circumstance, etc. emerged as follows : As for the sex of subjects, the distribution showed that men were 58.8% and women were 41.3%, Age was average 26.9. As the distribution of school career, the distribution showed that4below the graduation of high school' was 58.8%, 'graduation from junior college-university' was 35.0%, and 'over graduate school' was 6.3%. In the question to ask the existence or non-existence of experience of health consultation in connection with the work of office automation, the response that I had the consultation exprience and I feel the necessity emergerd as 90.1% And, the case that the subject who didn't wear the glasses or lens before using the OA apparatus wear glasses or lens after using OA apparatus emerged as 28.3% of whole. As for the existence or non-existence of use career of OA apparatus, the case under 3 years was highest as 52. 7%. As for the skillfulnness degree about the use of apparatus for office automation, most of them are skillful with the fact that 'common' was 44.4%, 'skill' was 42.5%, and 'unskillful' was 13.1% As for the use average hours of the apparatus for office automation per 1 day, the distribution showed that the case under 3-6 hours was 33.1%, the case under 6-9 hours was 28.1%, the case under 3 hours was 30.6%, and the case over 9 hours was 8.1% Main OA business and the use hours for 1 day showed in the order of keeping and retrieval, business of information transmission(162min), business of information transmission(79.3 min), business of document framing(55.5 min), and business of duplication and printing(25.4min). as for the rest during the use of apparatus for affice automation, that I take rest occasion demands the major portion, but that I take after completing the work emerged as 33.8%. Though the subiness gets to be convenient by the use of the apparatus for of office automation, respondents who showed the dissatisfaction about the present OA business emergd high as 78.1%. The work circumstances of each office was good with the fact that the temperature of office was 21.8, noise was average 42.7db, and the illumination was average 364.4 lx, in the light of ANSi/HFS 100 Standard. 3. Sight syptom, musculoskeletal symptom, skin and other symptoms showed the significant difference according to the extent of skillfulness of the apparatus for office automation. All the symptoms exept skin symptom showed the difference according to the use hours of the apparatus for office automation. All the question items exept the sytoms of digestive organs and the rest hours during the apparatus for office automation showed the signicant difference. The question item which showed the signicant difference from the satisfaction degree of present OA business showed the significant difference from all the question item classified into 6 groups. But, age and school career didn't significant difference from the complaint of any self-consciousness symptoms.